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Dwnload Full Biochemistry Concepts and Connections 1st Edition Appling Solutions Manual PDF
Dwnload Full Biochemistry Concepts and Connections 1st Edition Appling Solutions Manual PDF
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-appling-solutions-manual/
Chapter 03
1. a.
DG = DH - T DS
kJ kJ kJ
ΔG ° = −280 − ( 298 K ) −0.790 = −44.6
mol mol × K mol
ΔG° = ΔH ° − T ΔS °
kJ kJ
ΔG 0 = 0 = −280 − ( x K ) −0.790
mol mol × K
−354.4 K = − x
2. a. Reversing the direction of the reaction as written requires a reversal of the sign on ΔH. Also,
when summing two or more reactions, the species that appear on both sides cancel; thus:
b. The reaction has two O-H bonds broken; therefore, the energy of a single O−H bond is 926/2 =
463 kJ mol−1.
b. The decomposition products are both gasses, and therefore have significantly more translational
and rotational freedom compared to the initial solid. Thus, entropy increases.
11
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This G6P concentration is never reached because G6P is continuously consumed by other reactions,
and so the reaction never reaches true thermodynamic equilibrium.
12
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Chapter 3
b. ΔG = ΔG° + RTln([GAP]/[DHAP])
= (7.5 kJ mol−1) + (0.008314 kJ mol−1 K−1)(310 K)ln(0.01)
= −4.37 kJ mol−1
7. a. ΔS must be positive because the increase in isoenergetic conformations in the denatured state
increases the entropy of the denatured state relative to the folded state.
8. This process reduces the entropy of the solvent water, which becomes more ordered in the clathrate
structures. This is the hydrophobic effect.
b. In cases of cold denaturation, the sign on ΔS is dominated by the hydrophobic effect and is
therefore negative. In these cases, ΔH must also be negative (see Table 3.3) for the process to become
favorable as temperature decreases. Clathrate cage formation would account for the sign of ΔH being
negative (favorable) for cold denaturation.
If ΔH° and ΔS° are independent of temperature, a graph of lnK versus 1/T should be a straight line
with slope −ΔH°/R. These values can also be determined from direct fits to the K versus T data using
nonlinear curve-fitting software.
11. a. See Problem 10. Plot lnKw versus 1/T and fit a line to the points. The slope will correspond to
−ΔH°/R.
13
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