Law of Contracts-II

Course Outline
2022

Faculty Member
Dr. Prem Chand

Objectives of the Course

● To understand the special contacts in continuation of the discussion of general
principles of contract law-I.
● To introduce the concept of sale of goods, partnership, Limited Liability Partnership
and international laws on the sale of goods.
● To educate about the basic principles of sale of goods and partnership and LLP.
● To enhance the understanding of issues and problems arising in the special contracts.
● To make the students understand about different concerns of seller and buyer and at
the same time of partners under partnership and LLP.

PEDAGOGY

The teaching methodology for this course is-

● Discussion and lecture method.
● Students’ participation in articles and cases discussion.

EVALUATION
As per the University policy.

PART A
THE SALE OF GOODS ACT, 1930

UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION: FORMATION OF CONTRACTS OF SALE (SECTIONS

1-10)
1.1 Concept of 'Goods'

Cases-
1. R.D. Saxena v. Balaram Prasad Sharma, AIR 2000 SC 2912
2. Pushpapriya Devi v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1978 SC 1076

1.2 'Sale' and 'Agreement to sell'

Cases-
3. State of Madras v. Gannon Dunkerley & Co. (Madras) Ltd, 1959 SCR 379 18
4. State of Andhra Pradesh v. Kolla Sree Ramamurthy, AIR 1962 SC 1585
5. Kone Elevators v St. of Tamil Nadu (2014) 7 SCC 1
Unit 2: Representations; Conditions and Warranties (Sections 11-17, 62, 63)

2.1 Representations: Stipulations as to time; Implied Conditions and Warranties - as to title,

quality, fitness, etc., Sale by Description and by Sample; Treating conditions as warranties

Cases-
6. The China Cotton Exporters v. Beharilal R. Cotton Mills, AIR 1961 SC 1295
7. Priest v. Last (1903) 2 KB 148
8. British Paints (India) Ltd. v. Union of India, AIR 1971 Cal. 393 91
9. Aroson Enterprises Ltd. v. Union of India (1999) 9 SCC 449
10. Niblett v. Confectioners Material Co. Ltd. (1921) 3 KB 387
11. Wallis v. Patt (1911) AC 394
12. Baldry v. Marshall (1925) 1 KB 260 (CA)
13. Godley v. Parry (1969) 1 All ER 36

2.2 Doctrine of Caveat Emptor

Cases-
14. Jones v. Just (1868) 3 Q.B. 197 97
15. Richard Thorold Grant v. Australian Knitting Mill, Ltd. AIR 1936 PC 34 103
16. Crowther v. Shannon Motor Co. (A Firm) (1975) 1 All ER 139
17. Cehave NV v. Bremer Handelsgesellschaft mbH (1975) 3 All ER 739
18. Aswan Engineering Establishment Co. v. Lupdine Ltd. (1987) 1 All ER 135
19. C.E.B. Draper & Son Ltd. v. Edward Turner & Son Ltd. (1965) 1 Q.B. 424
20. Svenska Handelsbanken v. India Charge Crome (1994) 1 SCC 502

UNIT 3: EFFECTS OF THE CONTRACT (SECTIONS 18-30)

3.1 Risk and Passing of Property: Transfer of property; Doctrine of Nemo dat quod non habet
- sale by a person other than the owner, sale by joint owner, sale by mercantile agent, sale
under voidable contract, sale by seller or buyer in possession after sale; sale in Market Overt

Cases-
21. Badriprasad v. State of M.P. (1965) 3 SCR 381: AIR 1966 SC 58
22. Carona Sahu Co. (P) Ltd. v. State of Maharashtra AIR 1966 SC 1153
23. P.S.N.S. Ambalavana Chettiar v. Express Newspapers Ltd. AIR 1968 SC 741
24. Juggilal Kamlapat v. Pratapmal Rameshwar AIR 1978 SC 389
25. Sadhusaran Singh v. West Bengal State Electricity Board, AIR 1986 Cal. 240
26. Agricultural Market Committee v. Shalimar Chemical AIR 1997 SC 2502
27. Mahabir Commercial Co. Ltd. v. CIT, AIR 1973 SC 430
28. Escorts JCB Ltd. v. CCE (2003) 1 SCC 281
29. Pearson v. Rose & Young, Ltd. (1950) 2 Ch. D. 1027
30. Morvi Mercantile Bank Ltd. v. Union of India (1965) 3 SCR 254

3.2 Auction Sale (Section 64)

 Cases-
31. Consolidated Coffee Ltd. v. Coffee Board, AIR 1980 SC 1468

UNIT 4: PERFORMANCE OF THE CONTRACT

4.1 Duties of seller and buyer; Rules relating to delivery of goods (Sections 31-44)

Cases-
32. Union of India v. K.H. Rao, AIR 1976 SC 626 210

4.2 Rights of Unpaid Seller (Sections 45-54)

Who is an un-paid seller? Un-paid Seller's Rights - Right of lien, Right of stoppage in transit;
Transfer of goods by buyer and seller

Cases-
33. Gopalakrishna Pillai v. K.M. Mani, AIR 1984 SC 216

4.3 Suit for Breach of Contract (Sections 18-30)

Suit for price; non-delivery, non-acceptance, damages for breach of conditions and
warranties; Repudiation of contract; Payment of damages and special damages

Cases-
34. South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. v. Subhash Gupta 1994 (Supp) 3 SCC 334
35. Union of India v. A.L. Rallia Ram AIR 1963 SC 1685 228
36. Bence Graphics International Ltd. v. Fasson UK Ltd. (1997) 1 All ER 979 238
37. Renusagar Power Co. Ltd. v. General Electric Co., AIR 1994 SC 60 250

UNIT 5: INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS AND CONFLICT OF LAWS; E-

CONTRACTS CONVENTION
Governing Law, Applicable Law, CISG.

Cases-
38. Phulchand Exports v OOO Patriot (2011) 10 SCC 300
39. SAIL v Gupta Bros (2009) 10 SCC 63
40. Suchetan Exports v Gupta Coal India Ltd 2011 Indlaw SC 473
41. Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. v SAW Pipes Ltd. 2003 Indlaw SC 362
43. Juggilal Kamlapat v. Pratapmal Rameshwar AIR 1978 SC 389
44. Agricultural Market Committee v. Shalimar Chem Works (1997) 5 SCC 516
45. China Cotton Exporters v. Beharilal R Cotton Mills, Ltd., AIR 1961 SC 1295
 PART B
PARTNERSHIP AND LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP
(Indian Partnership Act, 1932 and Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008)
UNIT-1 NATURE OF PARTNERSHIP
1.1 Definition of Partnership, Partner, Firm and Firm Name (Sec.4)
1.2 Partnership not created by Status (Sec. 5)
1.3 Mode of determining existence of partnership (Sec.6)
1.4 Partnership at Will (Section 7)
1.5 Particular Partnership (Section 8)

Cases-
1 K.D.Kamat & Co. V CIT (1917) 2 SCC 873
2 Commnr Sales Tax v K.Kelukutty (1985) 4 SCC 5
3 Cox v Hickman (1860) 8 H.L.C. 268
4 Gherulal Parekh v Mahdevdas Maiya AIR 1959 SC 781

UNIT-2 REGISTRATION OF FIRMS

2.1 Application of Registration (Sec. 58)
2.2 Recording of Alterations in Firm Name & Place of Business (Sec. 60)
2.3 Effects of Non-Registration (Sec. 69)
Cases-
5 CIT V Jaylakshmi Rice & Oil Mills Contractor Co. AIR 1971 SC 1015
6 Mohatta Bros. v Bharat Suryadaya Mills Co. Ltd. AIR 1976 SC 1703v
7 Haldiram Bhujiawala v Anand Kumar Deepak Kumar (2000) 3 SCC 250
8 Sandhya Anthraper v Manju Kathria AIR 2014 Kar 21

UNIT-3 RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PARTNERS

3.1 Duties of Partners (Sec. 9)
3.2 Duty to indemnify for loss caused by fraud (Sec. 10)
3.3 Determination of Rights and Duties of Partners by Contract (Sec. 11)
3.4 Conduct of Business (Sec. 11)
3.5 Mutual Rights and Liabilities (Sec. 13)
3.6 Property of the Firm (Sec. 14)
3.7 Application of the Property of the Firm (Sec. 15)
3.8 Personal Profits earned by partners (Sec. 16)
3.9 Rights and Duties of Partners (Sec. 17)

Cases-
9 Chennuru G. Chetty v Chennuru S. Chetty AIR 1959 SC 109
 10 Arm Group Enterprises Ltd v Waldorf Restaurant (2003) 6 SCC 423

UNIT-4 RELATION OF PARTNERS TO THIRD PARTIES

4.1 Partners to be agent of firm (Sec. 18)
4.2 Implied Authority of Partner as agent of Firm (Sec. 19)
4.3 Extension and Restriction of Implied Authority of Partners (Sec. 20)
4.4 Liability of Partners for acts of Firm (Sec. 25)
4.5 Holding out (Sec. 28)
4.6 Minor as partner ((Sec. 30)

Cases-
11 Rhoudes v Moule (1895) 1 Ch. 236 (CA)
12 Tower Cabinet Co. Ltd v Ingram (1949)1 KBD 1032
13 CIT V Dwarkadas Khaitan & Co. AIR 1961 SC 680

UNIT-5 INCOMING AND OUTGOING PARTNERS (Rights and Liabilities)

5.1 Introduction of New Partner (Sec. 31)
5.2 Retirement of Partner (Sec. 32)
5.3 Expulsion of Partner (Sec. 33)
5.4 Rights of outgoing partner to carry competing business (Sec. 36)

Cases-
14 Syndicate Bank v RSR Engg. Works (2003) 6SCC 265
15 Pamaru VV Reddy v Chhillakuru C Reddy (2003) 3 SCC 445
16 Vishnu Chandra v Chandrika Prasad Agarwal AIR 1983 SC 523

UNIT-6 DISSOLUTION OF A FIRM

6.1 Dissolution by Agreement (Sec. 40)
6.2 Compulsory Dissolution (Sec.41)
6.3 Dissolution on happening of certain contingencies (Sec.42)
6.4 Dissolution by notice of partnership at will (Sec.43)
6.5 Dissolution by the Court (Sec.44)
6.6 Sale of Goodwill after Dissolution (Sec.55)

Cases-
17 Sharad V Kotak v Ramaniklal Chawda (1998) 2 SCC 171
18 T.P.Muraleedharan &Anr v M.Ibrahim Kutty & Ors. AIR 2014 Ker 90

UNIT-7 DISTINCTION BETWEEN TRADITIONAL PARTNERSHIP AND LIMITED

PARTNERSHIP ACT, 2008
UK Cases:
19 Re Kaupthing Capital Partners II Master LP Inc. [2010] EWHC 836 (Ch.)
20 Goodchild v. Chadwick (2002) {Garden leave provisions in partnership}
PRESCRIBED BOOKS:
● Avatar Singh, Law of Sale of Goods, EBC, 2018.
● Avtar Singh, Law of Partnership, EBC, 2018.
● CL Gupta, Law of Partnership–Including Limited Liability Partnership, LexisNexis,
2016
● P C Markanda, The Law of Partnership in India, Lexis Nexis, 2010
● Pollock & Mulla, G.C. Bharuka(ed), The Indian Partnership Act; Lexis Nexis, 2020
● Pollock & Mulla, The Sale of Goods Act (10th ed., 2017) by Akshay Sapre.
LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur
● S.A. Naik, Limited Liability Partnership: Law and Practice, Lexis Nexis, 2010
● Sanjiv Agarwal and Rohini Aggarwal, Limited Liability Partnership: Lexis Nexis,
2009
● Sir Dinshaw Fardunji Mulla, The Sale of Goods and the Indian Partnership Act, Lexis
Nexis, 2012
● T.S. Venkatesa Iyer’s Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (8th ed., 2002)
● Law Commission of India Report No. 8, 1958.

Prescribed Legislations:
● The Indian Partnership Act, 1932
● The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008
● The Sale of Goods Act, 1930
● United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG) 1980
Course Title: Family Law-I
(Third Semester)

Faculty:

Prof.(Dr.) Anju Tyagi

National Law University, Delhi.
 to teach both the legal theory and the application of family law;

 to consider policy issues arising from the substantive law;

 to explain, analyze, apply and evaluate the legal rules, concepts and values
governing and regulating family relationships;

 to encourage an ability to critically assess and analyze the impact of family

law on the individuals , the family unit and the society as a whole;

 to make a comparative study of personal laws of different communities;

 to review the range of methods of dispute resolution practiced in the area of

family law including formal litigation and alternate dispute resolution
mechanisms ( mediation);
 Lecture Method

 Socratic Method

 Case Method

 Discussion
 As per university norms.
 Module I : Introduction to Personal Laws
 Module II : Marriage Laws
 Module III : Matrimonial Remedies under Personal Laws
 Module IV : Maintenance
 Module V : Adoption
 Module VI : Guardianship
 Module VII : Miscellaneous
 List of Statutes
 List of Cases
 Prescribed Books
 Reference Books
 List of Suggested Readings
Module: Introduction to Personal Laws

 Status of Personal Laws in the Constitutional Scheme(7th

Schedule, Concurrent List iii Entry 5th )
 Nature & Origin of Personal Law
 Sources and Schools of Hindu and Muslim Law
Cases:

 Shastri v.Mooldas A.I.R 1966 S.C.1119

 Dr.Surajmani Stella Kujur v.Durga Charan Hansdah A.I.R. 2001 SC
938*
 Maneka Gandhi v. Indira Gandhi AIR 1984 Del.428

Prescribed Reading:

 Hon’ble Mr. Justice Markandey Katju, “Ancient Indian

Jurisprudence Vis-à-Vis Modern Jurisprudence”, AIR, 2008, Journal
Section, Pg. 64.
 P.K. Menon, “Hindu Jusrisprudence”, International Lawyer, Vol. 9(1),
Pg. 209-213, 1975.
 G.R. Rajagopal “The Story of the Hindu Code", Journal of the Indian
Law Institute, Oct.-Dec. 1975,Vol.17,No.1,pg.537-558
Module II: Marriage Laws

A: Hindu Marriage Act: 1955

 Evolution of the Institution of Marriage

 Applicability of Legislation
 Concept & Nature of Marriage
 Forms: Valid, Void, Voidable
 Prohibited Degrees of Relationship
 Conditions and Solemnization of Marriage
 Registration of Marriage

B: Nikah (Muslim Marriage)

 Definition, Objects and Nature, Essentials of Marriage.

 Solemnization of Marriage: Conditions for Validity, Prohibited
Degrees of Relationship, and Types of Marriages.
 Obligations arising out of marriage: Mahr, Maintenance etc.
C. Laws governing Christian and Parsi Marriage:
The Indian Christian Marriage Act,1872. The Parsi Marriage
& Divorce Act, 1936

D. Civil Marriage:
The Special Marriage Act, 1954.

E. Foreign Marriage Act, 1969

F. Specific Issues: Child Marriage (Prohibition of Child

Marriage Act, 2006) Offence of Bigamy etc.
 Cases:
 Bhaurao Shankar Lokhande v.State of Maharashtra AIR 1965 SC 1564
 Lily Thomas v. Union of India AIR 2000 SC 1650
 Pinninti Venkataramana v. State AIR 1977 AP 43
 Seema v. Ashwani Kumar AIR SC1158.
 Dr.A.N.Mukerji v. State AIR 1969 ALL 489
 Amina v. Hassan Koya AIR 2004 SC 1227
 Gullipilli Sowria Raj v. Bandru Pavani alias Gullipilli Pavani AIR 2009
SC 1085
 Shiromani Jain v. Dr, Ashok Kumar Jain and another, (2018) 14 SCC 310.
 Mohammad Salim (Dead) through Legal Representatives and others v.
Shamsudeen, (2019) 4 SCC 130.

 Prescribed Readings:
 Prof.Ranbir Singh, “Women and Compulsory Registration of Hindu Marriage:
Need for Uniform Legislation “, NALSAR Material
 Prof.Poonam Pradhan Saxena, “Matrimonial Laws and Gender Justice”, 45
JILI, 2003, Pg. 335*.
 Katherine Lemons, “Sharia Courts and Muslim Personal law in India:
Intersecting Legal Regimes”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 52, No. 3, p. 603-
629, 2018.
Module III: Matrimonial Remedies under Personal Law
A. Dissolution of Marriage under Hindu Law
 Theories of Divorce
 Matrimonial Remedies:
 Restitution of Conjugal Rights
 Nullity of Marriage
 Judicial Separation
 Divorce
 Bars to Matrimonial Remedies: Condonation, Collusion, etc.
 Jurisdiction and Procedure
B. Dissolution of Marriage under Muslim Law
 Extra Judicial –Talaq, Khula,Mubaarat
 Judicial-The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act,1939
 The Muslim Women(Protection of Rights on Marriage)Act,2019

C. The Divorce Act, 1869 (as amended in 2001)

D. The Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936

Cases

 Queen Empress v. Hurree Mohun Mythee (1891)ILR 18 Cal.49

 Dadaji Bhikaji v. Rukhmabai (1885) ILR 9 Bom. 592
 T. Sareetha v. T. Venkata Subbaiah AIR 1983 AP 356
 Harvinder Kaur v. Harmander Singh AIR 1984 DEL 66.
 Smt. Saroj Rani v. Sudarshan Kumar Chaddha AIR 1984 SC
1562
 Navtej Singh Johar vs Union Of India Ministry Of Law And ... on
6 September 2018 Criminal original jurisdiction writ petition
(criminal) no. 76 of 2016
 Justice K.S.Puttaswamy(retd) vs union of india on 26 september,
2018 Civil original jurisdiction writ petition (civil) no. 494 of
2012
 R. Srinivas Kumar v. R. Shametha, (2019) 9 SCC 409.

 Munish Kakkar v. Nidhi Kakkar, (2020) 14 SCC 657.

 Rahna Jalal v. State of Kerala and another, (2021) 1 SCC 733.

 Joydeep Majumdar v. Bharti Jaiswal Majumdar, (2021) 3 SCC 742

 Nikhil Kumar v. Rupali Kumar, (2016) 13 SCC 383.

 Narendra v. K. Meena, (2016) 9 SCC 45.

 Amardeep Singh v. Harveen Kaur, (2017) 8 SCC 746.

 Suman Singh vs Sanjay Singh, (2017) 4 Supreme Court Cases 85.

 Shayara Bano v.Union of India, (2017) 9 SCC 1.

 Manju Kumari Singh v. Avinash Kumar Singh, (2018) 17 SCC 378.

 Ravinder Kaur v. Manjeet Singh,(2019) 8 SCC 308.

 R. Srinivas Kumar v. R. Shametha, (2019) 9 SCC 409.

 Munish Kakkar v. Nidhi Kakkar, (2020) 14 SCC 657.

 Rahna Jalal v. State of Kerala and another, (2021) 1 SCC 733.

 Joydeep Majumdar v. Bharti Jaiswal Majumdar, (2021) 3 SCC 742

 Amit Kumar v Suman Beniwal C.A No. 7650 of 2021

 Sivasankaran v. Santhimeenal C.A 4984 of 2021

 Debananda Tamuli v. Kakumani Kataky C.A. No. 1339 of 2022

 N.Rajendra v. S.Valli 2022SCC Online SC 157

Prescribed Readings:

 Dr. P.C. Bedwa and Gurjeet Singh, “Restitution of Conjugal Rights

under Hindu; A plea for abolition of the remedy”, 21 Law Quarterly
Review, 1984, Pg. 78.*
 Shailendra Jain and Peeyush Diwan, “Irretrievable Breakdown of
Marriage- Do we understand its real purport”, AIR 2005, Journal
Section, Pg. 100.
 Aachal Gupta, “Divorce by Mutual Consent and Contempt of Court”,
2020 SCC OnLine Blog OpEd 137.
 Prof. V. Vijay Lakshmi and SK Waseem Akram, “Triple Talaq-
Judicial and Legislative Perspectives: Need to Ease the Penal
Sanction and Similar laws for Deserted Women”, (2021) PL February
60.
Module IV : Maintenance

 The Hindu Marriage Act ,1955: (Section 24-25)

 The Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act ,1956: (Section 18-28)

 The Special Marriage Act, 1954: (Sections 36-37)

 The Divorce Act, 1869: (Sections 36-38)

 The Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936: (Sections 39-41)

 Maintenance under the Code of Criminal Procedure,1973: (Section 125-128)

 The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007.

 The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act,1986

 The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act,2019

 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005

 Specific issue: Bigamy & Maintenance to second wife.

Cases:

 Daniel Latif v.Union of India AIR 2001 SC 3758

 Mohd. Ahmed Khan v.Shah Bano Begum AIR 1985 SC 945.
 Savitaben Somabhai Bhatiya v.State of Gujarat AIR 2005 SC 1809
 Itwari v. Asghari AIR 1960 All. 261
 Saheb Reddy v. Sharanappa and others, (2017) 1 SCC 142.

Prescribed Reading:

 Vivek V. Vidwas, “Maintenance to Divorced Muslim Woman under 1986

Act; Law needs an Amendment”, AIR 2006, Journal Section, Pg. 49
Module: V Adoption

A. The Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act,1956

B. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment
Act,2016- chapter viii
C. Foreign Adoption –CARA- Central Adoption Regulation Authority
Cases:
 Sawan Ram v. Kalawanti AIR 1967 SC 1761
 Sitabai v. Ramachandra AIR 1970 SC 343
 Lakshmi Kant Panday v. Union of India AIR 1986 SC 272*
 Shabnam Hashmi v. U.O.I Writ Petition No. 470 of 2005
 M. Vanaja v. M. Sarla Devi (Dead), (2020) 5 SCC 307.
 Kalindi Damodar Garde (Dead) by Legal Representatives v.
Manohar Laxman Kulkarni and Others, (2020) 4 SCC 335.
 Rana Nahid alias Reshma alias Sana and another v. Sahidul Haq
Chisti, (2020) 7 SCC 657.
 Rajnesh v. Neha and another, (2021) 2 SCC 324.
 Kalyan Dey Chowdhury v. Rita Dey Chowdhury Nee Nandy,
(2017) 14 SCC 200.
Prescribed Readings:

 Kusum, “Marital-Status Based Discrimination”, 45 JILI, 2003, Pg 389

 J. Duncan M. Derrett, “Adoption and relation back : the position in 1971”,
Bom.L.R.LXXIII, 1971, J., 31-35
Module: VI Guardianship

A. The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act,1956

B. Guardianship under Muslim Law (Hizanat)
Cases:
 Githa Hariharan v. Reserve Bank of India 1999 2 SCC 228
 Vivek Singh v. Romani Singh, (2017) 3 Supreme Court Cases 231.
 Tatineni Mayuri v. Edara Baldev, (2016) 13 Supreme Court Cases 377.
 Jitender Arora and others v. Sukriti Arora and others, (2017) 3 SCC 726.
 Bindu Philips, represented by her power of attorney v. Sunil Jacob, (2018)
12 SCC 203.
 Dr. Amit Kumar v. Dr. Sonila and others, (2019) 12 SCC 711.

Prescribed Reading:

 Asha Bajpai, “Custody and Guardianship of Children in India”, Family

Law Quarterly, Summer 2005, Vol. 39, No. 2, Symposium on Comparative
Custody law, pp. 441-457.
 Module VII : Miscellaneous

 The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005.

 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.
 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.
 Guardianship and Wards Act, 1890.
 The Family Courts Act, 1984.
 Muslim Personal Law (Shriat) Application Act, 1937.
 Uniform Civil Code
 Live-in-relationship
 Surrogacy
 Transgenders
 Relevant Law Commission Reports-71,205,217, 257 and 270
 Consultation Paper on Reform of Family Law-2018
• Saumalya Ghosh, “Uniform Civil Code: An Ideal Vision of Modern
India”, Indian Journal of Law and Justice, Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2018,
p. 207–(ii).
• Anushree Belwariar, “Uniform Laws and Analysis of Family law
Paper by Law Commission (2018)”, Supremo Amicus, Vol. 18, Pg.
152.
• Kashish Makkar, “Transgenders: Identity and Position in the Family
Law in India”, 5.1 NLUJ LR (2018) 54.
• Shreya Srivastava, “An Analysis of the Legality of Deeds of Living
Together”, 2021 SCC OnLine Blog OpEd 79.
List of Statutes :

1. The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.

2. The Hindu Adoptions & Maintenance Act, 1956.
3. The Hindu Minority & Guardianship Act, 1956.
4. The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939.
5. The Muslim Women [Protection of Rights on Divorce] Act, 1986.
6. The Muslim Women[Protection of Rights on Marriage]Act,2019.
7. Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006.
8. The Special Marriage Act, 1954.
9. The Foreign Marriage Act, 1969.
10. The Divorce Act, 1869.
11. The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872.
12. The Parsi Marriage & Divorce Act, 1936.
13. The Family Courts Act, 1984.
14. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
15. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005.
1. Shastri v.Mooldas A.I.R 1966 S.C.1119

2. Dr.Surajmani Stella Kujur v.Durga Charan Hansdah, A.I.R.2001 SC 938*

3. Maneka Gandhi v. Indira Gandhi, AIR 1984 Del.428

4. Bhaurao Shankar Lokhande v.State of Maharashtra AIR 1965 SC 1564

5. Lily Thomas v. Union of India AIR 2000 SC 1650

6. Pinninti Venkataramana v. State AIR 1977 AP 43

7. Seema v. Ashwani Kumar AIR SC1158.

8. Dr.A.N.Mukerji v. State AIR 1969 ALL 489

9. Amina v. Hassan Koya AIR 2004 SC 1227

10. Gullipilli Sowria Raj v. Bandru Pavani alias Gullipilli Pavani AIR 2009
SC 1085
11. Queen Empress v. Hurree Mohun Mythee (1891)ILR 18 Cal.49

12. Dadaji Bhikaji v. Rukhmabai (1885) ILR 9 Bom. 59

13. T. Sareetha v. T. Venkata Subbaiah AIR 1983 AP 356

14. Harvinder Kaur v. Harmander Singh AIR 1984 DEL 66.

15. Smt. Saroj Rani v. Sudarshan Kumar Chaddha AIR 1984 SC 1562

16. N.G.Dastane v. S. Dastane AIR SC 1534

17. Naveen Kohli v. Neelu Kohli AIR 2006 SC 1675.

17. Samar Ghosh v. Jaya Ghosh 2007 3 SCJ 253.

18. V.Bhagat v. D.Bhagat AIR 1994 SC 710.

19. Sumar Kapur v. Sudhir Kapur AIR 2009 SC 589

20. Bipin Chandra v. Prabhavati AIR 1957 SC 176

21. Savitri Panday v. Prem Chandra Pandey AIR 2002 SC 591

22. Hirachand Srinivas Managaonkar v.Sunanda AIR 2001 SC 1285

23. Sureshtra Devi v. Om Prakash AIR SC 1904.

24. Ashoka Hurra v.Rupa Bipin Zaveri AIR 1997 SC 1266*

25. Hitesh Bhatnagar V. Deepa Bhatnagar AIR 2011 SC 1637

26. Yousuf Rawther v. Sowramma AIR 1971 KER 266

27. Shamim Ara v. State of U.P. 2002 CrLJ 4726 (SC)

28. Anil Kumar Jain v. Maya Jain AIR 2010 SC 229

29. Daniel Latif v.Union of India AIR 2001 SC 3758

30. Mohd. Ahmed Khan v.Shah Bano Begum AIR 1985 SC 945.

31. Savitaben Somabhai Bhatiya v.State of Gujarat AIR 2005 SC 1809

32. Itwari v. Asghari AIR 1960 All. 261

32. Sawan Ram v. Kalawanti AIR 1967 SC 1761

33. Sitabai v. Ramachandra AIR 1970 SC 343

34. Lakshmi Kant Panday v. Union of India AIR 1986 SC 272*

35. Shabnam Hashmi v. U.O.I Writ Petition No. 470 of 2005

36. Githa Hariharan v. Reserve Bank of India, 1999 2 SCC 228

37. Perumal Nadar v. Ponnuswami, AIR 1971 SC 2357

38. Lachman v. Meena AIR1964 SC 40

39. Badshah v. Urmila Bodse, SLP No. 8596/2013.

40. Sachin Dhuri v. Sneha Dhuri (2018) 15 SCC

41. Amardeep Singh v. Harveen Kaur JT 2017(9) SC 106

42. Nikhil Kumar v. Rupali Kumar (2016) 13 SCC 383

43. Vivek Singh v. Romani Singh, (2017) 3 Supreme Court Cases 231.

44. Tatineni Mayuri v. Edara Baldev, (2016) 13 Supreme Court Cases 377.

45. Suman Singh v. Sanjay Singh, (2017) 4 Supreme Court Cases 85.

46. Shiromani Jain v. Dr, Ashok Kumar Jain and another, (2018) 14 SCC 310

47. Joseph Shine v. Union of India, 2018 SCC OnLine SC 1676.

48. Sheoli Hati v. Somanth Das, (2019) 7 SCC 490

49. Shayara Bano v.Union of India, (2017) 9 SCC 1.

50. Saheb Reddy v. Sharanappa and others, (2017) 1 SCC 142.

51. Ravinder Kaur v. Manjeet Singh,(2019) 8 SCC 308.

52. Ratanlal alias Babulal Chunilal Samsuka v. Sundarabai Govardhandas Samsuka,

(2018) 11 SCC 119.

53. Rana Nahid alias Reshma alias Sana and another v. Sahidul Haq Chisti, (2020)

SCC 657.
54. Rajnesh v. Neha and another, (2021) 2 SCC 324.

55. Rahna Jalal v. State of Kerala and another, (2021) 1 SCC 733.

56. R. Srinivas Kumar v. R. Shametha, (2019) 9 SCC 409.

57. Nikhil Kumar v. Rupali Kumar, (2016) 13 SCC 383.

58. Narendra v. K. Meena, (2016) 9 SCC 45.

59. Munish Kakkar v. Nidhi Kakkar, (2020) 14 SCC 657.

60. Mohammad Salim (Dead) through Legal Representatives and others v. Shamsudeen

(2019) 4 SCC 130.

61. Kalindi Damodar Garde (Dead) by Legal Representatives v. Manohar Laxma

Kulkarni and Others, (2020) 4 SCC 335.

62. Joydeep Majumdar v. Bharti Jaiswal Majumdar, (2021) 3 SCC 742

63. Jitender Arora and others v. Sukriti Arora and others, (2017) 3 SCC 726.

64. Bindu Philips, represented by her power of attorney v. Sunil Jacob, (2018) 12 SCC 203
65. Anurag Mittal v. Shaily Mishra Mittal, (2018) 9 SCC 691.

66. Dr. Amit Kumar v. Dr. Sonila and others, (2019) 12 SCC 711.

67. Amardeep Singh v. Harveen Kaur, (2017) 8 SCC 746.

68. Manju Kumari Singh v. Avinash Kumar Singh, (2018) 17 SCC 378.

69. M. Vanaja v. M. Sarla Devi (Dead), (2020) 5 SCC 307.

70. Krishnaveni Rai v. Pankaj Rai and another, (2020) 11 SCC 253.

71. Krishna Veni Nigam v. Harish Nagam, (2017) 4 SCC 150.

72. Kalyan Dey Chowdhury v. Rita Dey Chowdhury Nee Nandy, (2017) 14 SCC 200.
Prescribed Books
1. Flavia Agnes, Family Law and Constitutional Claims, Family Law- Vol
1(1st Edn. 2011)
2. Flavia Agnes, Marriage, Divorce and Matrimonial Litigation, Family
Law-vol II (1st Edn. 2011)
3. Justice Ranganath Misra (Rev.) Mayne’s Treatise on Hindu Law &
Usage. ( 16th Edn. 2008)
4. Satyajeet A. Desai, Mulla’s Principles of Hindu Law, Vol. I&II (17th
Edn. 2007)
5. Mitra on Hindu Law (2nd Edn. 2006.)
6. Gaur’s Commentaries on the Hindu Law (2nd Edn.2007)
7. Kusum Family Law Lectures (2nd Edn.2007)
8. Diwan Paras, Law of Marriage and Divorce
9. Tahir Mahmood ,Fyzees Outlines of Muhammedan Law (3rd Edn.
2008)
10. M. Hidayatulla & Arshad Hidayatulla, Mulla’s Principles of
Mahommedan Law (19th Edn. 2006.)
11. Rao Kande Prasada , The Law relating to Marriages of Christians in
India.
12. Shabbir & Manchanda, Parsi Law in India.
Reference Books

1. J. Duncan M. Derrett, Introduction to Modern Law.

2. J. Duncan M. Derrett, A Critique of Modern Hindu Law.
3. J. Duncan M. Derrett, The Death of marriage Law.
4. J, Duncan M. Derrett, Essays in Classical & Modern
Hindu Law Vol, I, II, III, and IV.
5. A. N. Shah, Marriage and Divorce 6th Edn. 2002
6. Werner F. Menski Modern Indian Family Law.
7. Gooroodas Banergee, Hindu Law of Marriage and
Streedhan.
8. B.R. Verma, Commentaries on Muhammedan Law.
9. Gupte, S.V.,Hindu Law of Marriage.
10. Sen, P.N., General Principles of Hindu Jurisprudence.
11. Baillie, Digest of Muhammedan Law .
1. Hon’ble Mr. Justice MarkandeyKatju, “Ancient Indian Jurisprudence vis-à-
vis Modern Jurisprudence”, AIR, 2008, Journal Section, Pg. 65
2. Prof. Ranbir Singh, “Women and Contemporary Registration of Hindu
Marriage: Need for Uniform Legislation, NALSAR Material
3. Prof. Poonam Pradhan Saxena, “Matrimonial Laws and Gender Justice”,
45 JILI 2003, Pg. 335.
4. Dr. P.C. Bedwa and Gurjeet Singh, “Restitution of Conjugal Rights under
Hindu: A plea for abolition of the remedy”, 21 Law Quarterly Review,
1984, Pg. 78.
5. Shailendra Jain and PeeyushDiwan, “Irretrievable Breakdown of Marriage-
Do we understand its real purport”, AIR 2005, Journal Section, Pg. 100.
6. Vivek V. Vidwas, “Maintenance to Divorced Muslim Woman under 1986
Act; Law needs an Amendment”, AIR, 2006, Journal Section, Pg. 49.
7. Kusum, “Marital-Status Based Discrimination”, 45 JILI, 2003, Pg. 389.
8. J. Duncan M. Derret, “Adoption and relation back: the position in 1971”, Bom.
L.R.LXXIII, 1971, J., 31-35
9. Aachal Gupta, “Divorce by Mutual Consent and Contempt of Court”, 2020 SCC
OnLine Blog OpEd 137.
10. Shreya Srivastava, “An Analysis of the Legality of Deeds of Living Together”,
2021 SCC OnLine Blog OpEd 79. Kashish Makkar, “Transgenders: Identity and
Position in the Family Law in India”, 5.1 NLUJ LR (2018) 54.
11. Prof. V. Vijay Lakshmi and SK Waseem Akram, “Triple Talaq- Judicial and
Legislative Perspectives: Need to Ease the Penal Sanction and Similar laws for
Deserted Women”, (2021) PL February 60.
12. Anushree Belwariar, “Uniform Laws and Analysis of Family law Paper by Law
Commission (2018)”, Supremo Amicus, Vol. 18, Pg. 152.
13. Asha Bajpai, “Custody and Guardianship of Children in India”, Family Law
Quarterly, Summer 2005, Vol. 39, No. 2, Symposium on Comparative Custody
law, pp. 441-457
14. P.K. Menon, “Hindu Jusrisprudence”, International Lawyer, Vol. 9(1), Pg. 209-
213, 1975.
15. Katherine Lemons, “Sharia Courts and Muslim Personal law in India:
Intersecting Legal Regimes”, Law and Society Review, Vol. 52, No. 3, p. 603-
629, 2018.
16. Saumalya Ghosh, “Uniform Civil Code: An Ideal Vision of Modern India”,
Indian Journal of Law and Justice, Vol. 9, No. 1, March 2018, p. 207–(ii).
17. Sylvia Vatuk, ‘The ”women’s court” in India: An Alternative Dispute Resolution
Body for Women in Distress’ Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 76-
103
18. Flavia Agnes, ‘Are women Liars? Supreme Court Judgement Ignores Reality of
Married Women’(2017)Economic and Political Weekly.
19. Flavia Agnes’ Has the codified Hindu law changed Gender
Relationships?’(2016)46(4) Social Change (New Delhi) 611-23
20. 21G.R.Rajagopaul”The Story of the Hindu Code”,Journal of the Indian Law
Institute,Oct.-Dec.1975,pg. 537-558
 Teaching Plan (Family Law I)
II Year - IIIrd Semester
Sl.
Week/Month Module Topic
No.
1 16th Aug.-22 Aug.2022 Module I Introduction of Syllabus
 Status of Personal Law in the Constitution Scheme
 Nature & Origin of Law
 Sources of Law

2 23th Aug– 31st Aug–2022 Module I & II  School of Law

 Hindu Marriage Act, 1955

3 1 st Sep– 30th Sep 2022 Module II  Hindu Marriage Act, 1955

4 1st Oct –7th Oct 2022 Module II & III
 Special Marriage Act, 1954

5 17th Oct – 22nd Oct 2022 Module II  Nikah (Muslim Law)

6 24th Oct –4thNov 2022 Module III  Talak (Muslim Law)

7 7TH Nov.-14th Nov.2022 Module IV  Adoption

8 15 th N0v. –24h Nov 2022 Module IV  Maintenance

 Guardianship

9 24th Nov.-30 th Nov.2022 Module VI  Miscellaneous

 Revision
Thank You
NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, DELHI

CRIMINAL LAW - II
(Criminal Procedure Law)

B.A. LL.B. (Hons.), II Year – III Semester

Compiled and Edited by

Dr. Mukul Raizada

Mr. Neeraj Tiwari
(For private circulation only)
Course Objective:

The course aims to provide basic understanding of key concepts, functionaries and
procedures involved in the process of criminal justice administration with an idea to open up
the students to the critical aspects pertaining to administration of criminal justice. At the same
time the course promises to provide an in-depth analysis of interplay of criminal procedure
with the personal liberty of individuals through the process of arrest, remand, bail etc. In the
beginning, the students shall be exposed to the theoretical foundation of criminal procedure
through various systems of criminal procedure prevailing globally, the models of criminal
process proposed in different times and most importantly the impact of Constitution in
shaping the criminal procedure in our context. The following modules focus on core
normative issues in which the students will be explained the role assigned to various agencies
of criminal justice administration, the procedure and issues pertaining to pre-trial, trial and
post-trial processes. The scholarly writings on the subject and leading case laws are primary
material to be used to stimulate the class room discussion.

At the end of the Course, a student should be able to:

⮚ Master the key concepts provided in the Code of Criminal Procedure;

⮚ Understand the Constitutional limitations on the Criminal Procedure;

⮚ Locate the roles and responsibilities of various functionaries;

⮚ Identify the rights of accused and victims;

⮚ Distinguish between various modes of crime reporting and kinds of trials; and

⮚ Identify the stages and processes involved in criminal procedure.

Basic Details:

Teaching Method: Lecture cum discussion method.

Modules: 07

Teaching hours per week: 04 (August - December)

Tutorial: Once in a week

Project Consultation: Every Working Saturday (9.30 -12.00)

Method of Evaluation: As per the examination rules of the University.

SYLLABUS

MODULE– I

Fundamentals of Criminal Procedure

⮚ System of Criminal Procedure: Adversarial, Inquisitorial and Hybrid

⮚ Models of Criminal Process
⮚ Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973: Object, Purpose and Basic considerations in its
formulation
⮚ Constitutional Foundation of Criminal Procedure
⮚ Definition of key concepts in Criminal Procedure

Suggested Readings:

 Herbert L. Packer, Two Models of the Criminal Process, University of Pennsylvania

Law Review, Vol. 113, No. 1 (Nov., 1964), pp. 1-68.

 Prof. B.B. Pande, Expanding Horizons of Criminal Procedure Law, (2021) 2 SCC J-1

 Aparna Chandra and Mrinal Satish, Criminal Law and the Constitution, Oxford
Handbook of the Indian Constitution, (2016).

MODULE – II

Criminal Justice Functionaries

⮚ Police
⮚ Prosecution
 ⮚ Defence Counsel
⮚ Court
⮚ Correction and Prison Administration

Suggested Readings:

 Prasannan R. Counsel in the Criminal Process, Journal of the Indian Law Institute,
Vol. 10:4 (October-December 1968), pp. 637-660.

 K. N. Chandrasekharan Pillai, Public Prosecution in India, Journal of the Indian Law

Institute, Vol. 50:4 (October-December 2008), pp. 629-639.

 Mahuya Bandyopadhyay, Reform and everyday practice: Some issues of prison

governance, Contributions to Indian Sociology, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Dec., 2007), pp. 387-
416.

 Beatrice Jauregui, Beatings, Beacons, and Big Men: Police Disempowerment and
Delegitimation in India, Law & Social Inquiry, Vol. 38, No. (Summer 2013), pp. 643-
669.
 Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, Quest for Prosecutorial Independence,
https://vidhilegalpolicy.in/research/the-quest-for-prosecutorial-independence/
February, 2021

MODULE– III

Pre-Trial Criminal Processes

⮚ Classification of Offences

⮚ Methods of Crime Reporting

o First Information Report
o Complaint

⮚ Investigation of Crimes
o Arrest
o Remand
o Summons and Warrant
o Search and Seizure
o Examination of Witness
o Police Report
o Case diary
o Inquest Report

Suggested Readings:

 Mohd Ghouse. Pre-trial Criminal Process and Indian Supreme Court, Indian Bar
Review, Vol. 13, 1 (1986)

 B. Uma Devi, Arrest, Detention and Criminal Justice System, OUP 2015
  Dipa Dube, Shruti Bedi, Arrest and Detention in India: Law, Procedure and Practice,
Sage Law 2022

Case Law

Prescribed:

 Lalita Kumari v. Govt. of UP (2014) 2 SCC 1.

 Prithipal Singh etc. v. State of Punjab (2012) 1SCC 10
 Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar (2014) 8 SCC 273.
 Nandini Sunder v. State (2011) 1 SCC 577.
 Kedar Narain Parida v State of Orissa (2009) 9 SCC 610.
 Joginder Kumar v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1994) 4 SCC 260.
 D. K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) 1 SCC 416.
 Nandini Satpathy v. P. L. Dani (1979) 2 SCC 424.
 Bashir v. State of Haryana (1977) 4 SCC 410.
 Raghubir Singh v. State of Bihar (1986) 4 SCC 481.
 Uday Mohanlal Acharya v. State of Maharashtra (2011) 5 SCC 453.
 Sanjay Dutt v. State (II) (1994) 5 SCC 410.
 Priyanka Srivastava v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2015) 6 SCC 287.
 Vinubhai Haribhai Malaviya v. State of Gujarat (2019) 17 SCC 1.
 H.N. Rishbad v. State of Delhi (1955) 1 SC 1150.
 Gautam Navlakha v. NIA
 Sheela Barse v. State of Maharashtra (1983) 2 SCC 96.
 State of Uttar Pradesh v. Ram Sagar Yadav (1985) 1 SCC 552.
 CBI v. Anupam J. Kulkarni

MODULE– IV

Safeguarding the Rights of the Accused

⮚ Bail Proceedings
o ‘Bail is rule and jail is exception’- Bailable and Non-bailable cases
o Right to statutory bail
o Anticipatory bail
o Bail pending appeal
o Conditions and Cancellation of Bail
⮚ Rights of the Arrested Person
o Pre offence arrest
o Post offence arrest
⮚ Right to Legal Aid
o Pre-Trial Stage
o Trial Stage
o Post-conviction
⮚ Right to Fair Trial
Suggested Readings:

 Jayanth K. Krishnan et al., Grappling at the Grassroots: Access to Justice in India's

Lower Tier, Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 27 (2014), pp. 151-189
 Abhinav Sekhri, Dancing in the Dark: The Right to Effective Legal Assistance in
India, 4(3) Comparative Constitutional Law and Administrative Law Quarterly 10
(2019).

 268th report of the Law Commission of India on Amendments to Criminal Procedure

Code, 1973 – Provisions Relating to Bail (2017).

 Salman Khurshid, Sidharth Luthra, Lokendra Malik and Shruti Bedi (eds), Taking
Bail Seriously – The State of Bail Jurisprudence in India (LexisNexis 2019).

 Prof. Manoj Kumar Sinha and Dr Anurag Deep (eds), Bail: Law and Practice in India
(Indian Law Institute 2019).

Case Law

Prescribed:

 Moti Ram v. State of M. P. (1978) 4 SCC 47.

 Hussainara Khatoon (II) v. Union of India (1980) 1 SCC 9.
 Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab (1980) 1 SCC 565.
 Balchand Jain v. State of M. P. (1976) 4 SCC 572.
 Gurucharan Singh v. State (Delhi Administration) AIR 1978 SC 179.
 State (Delhi Adm.) v. Sanjay Gandhi (1978) 2 SCC 411.
 Sanjay Chandra v. CBI (2012) 1 SCC 284.
 Devendra Kumar & Anr. Etc. v. State of Haryana (2010) 6 SCC 753.
 Khatri (I) v. State of Bihar (1981) I SCC 627.
 Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre v. State of Maharashtra (2011) 1 SCC 694.
 Bhadresh Bipinbhai Sheth v. State of Gujarat (2016) 1 SCC 152.
 Kashmira Singh v. State of Punjab
 Saudan Singh v. State of U.P.
 Najeeb v. State NCT of Delhi
 Sushila Aggarwal v. State (NCT of Delhi) (2020) 5 SCC 1.
 Arnab Ranjan Goswami v. State of Maharashtra (2020) 14 SCC 51.
 Mohammed Zubair v. State of NCT of Delhi 2022 LL (SC) 629.
 Deepak Yadav v. State of U.P. 2022 SCC Online SC 672.
 Satender Kumar Antil v. CBI 2022 LL (SC) 577.
 Jagjeet Singh v. Ashish Mishra alias Monu 2022 SCC Online SC 453.

MODULE– V

Initiation of Proceedings before the Magistrate

⮚ Cognizance
o Limitation on the power to take cognizance
⮚ Issue of Process and Supply of documents etc.
 ⮚ Committal Proceeding

Case Law

Prescribed:
 Dharam Pal v. State of Haryana
 Balveer Singh v. State of Rajashthan
 Hardeep Singh v. State of Haryana
 R.R. Chari v.
 Nahar Singh v. State of U.P. (2022) 5 SCC 295
 Rattiram v. State of M.P. (2013) 12 SCC 316.
 Nupur Talwar v. CBI (2012) 11 SCC 465.

MODULE– VI
Diversion of case before the Trial

⮚ Discharge
⮚ Plea Bargaining
⮚ Compounding of Cases
⮚ Withdrawal of Prosecution
⮚ Withdrawal of Complaint

 Abhinav Sekhri, Pendency in the Indian Criminal Process: A Creature of Crisis or

Flawed Design, 15(1) Socio Legal Review 1 (2019).

 Abhinav Sekhri, Plea Bargaining's Resounding Defeat? The Indian Experiment with
Plea Bargaining, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3085659

Case Law

Prescribed:

 Abdul Karim v. State of Karnataka 2001 Cri. L.J. 148.

 Shivani Sadanand v. State and Anr. 2002 Cri. L.J.3384.
 Ratilal Bhanji Mithani v. State of Maharashtra and Ors. AIR 1959 SC 1979.
 Bhirug v. State of U.P. 2002 Cri.L.J. 271.
 Bipin Shantilal Panchal v. State of Gujarat and Anr.2002 Cri. L.J. 1254.
 Kisan Seva Sahakari Samiti Ltd. v. Bachan Singh 1993 Cri. L.J. 2540.
 Anil (in jail) v. State of U.P. 2002 Cr .L.J. 2694
 Chandrika v. State of U.P. 2000 Cri.L.J. 384.
 Kasambhai Abdul Rehman Bhai Sheikh and Ors. v. State of Gujarat and Anr. AIR
1980 SC 854.

MODULE– VII
 A. Trial Procedure

⮚ Framing of Charges
⮚ Kinds of Trial and Common Features
⮚ Guilty Plea
⮚ Role of Respective Parties to Adduce Evidence
⮚ Examination of the Accused by the Court
⮚ Adjournment Proceedings

Case Law

Prescribed:
 In Re: Criminal Trial Guidelines Regarding Inadequacies and Deficiencies v. State of
Andhra Pradesh (2021) 10 SCC 598.
 Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar 1979 Cri.L.J. 1045.
 Mohd. Hussain @ Julfikar Ali v. State (NCT of Delhi), 2012 (2) SCC 584.
 Zahira Habibullah Sheikh and Anr. v. State of Gujarat and Ors., 2006 Cr.L.J. 1694.
 Mohd. Ajmal Kasab v. State of Maharashtra 2012 (7) SCALE 553.
 Ranjan Dwivedi v. CBI (through D G), 2012 SCALE 382.
 Rekha Murarka v. State of West Bengal (2020) 2 SCC 474.
 State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh (1996) 2 SCC 384.
 Sakshi v. Union of India (2004) 5 SCC 518.
 Mahendra Chawla v. Union of India W.P. (Cri.) 156/2016
 Vijay Madanlal Choudhary v. Union of India SLP (Cri.) 4634/2014

B. Judgment and Sentencing

⮚ Content
⮚ Modes of providing judgment
⮚ Pre-sentence hearing
⮚ Restitution, Compensation and cost
⮚ Execution, Suspension, Remission and Commutation of Sentences

Case Law

Prescribed:
 Santa Singh v. State of Punjab (1976) 4 SCC 190.
 Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab AIR 1980 SC 898.
 Santosh Kumar Satishbhushan Bariyar v. State of Maharashtra (2009) 6 SCC 498.
 Ramesh v. State of U.P. 1979 Cri. L.J. 902.
 Om Prakash and Ors. v. State of Haryana (2001) 10 SCC 477.
 Chandreshwar Sharma v. State of Bihar (2000) 9 SCC 245.
 Sangeet & Anr. v. State of Haryana, MANU/SC/0989/2012.
 Gurvail Singh @ Gala & Another v. State of Punjab, 2013 STPL(Web) 99 SC
 Devender Pal Singh Bhullar v. State of N.C.T. of Delhi, 2013 STPL (Web) 438 SC.
 Soman v. State of Kerela, 2012 STPL (Web) 751 SC.
 Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad v. State of Maharashtra AIR 2013 SC 2454.
  Basavaraj R. Patil v. State of Karnataka (2000) 8 SCC 740.

C. Appeal and Revision

General Reference Books & Commentaries:

1. KNC Pillai, R.V. Kelkar’s Criminal Procedure, EBC 7th Edition, 2021
2. Douglas E. Beloof et. al. Victim & Criminal Procedure, Carolina Academic Press, 2010
3. Justice M. L. Singhal, Sohoni’s Code of Criminal Procedure, LexisNexis, 22nd Edition,
2018

* Prominent Reports of Law Commission and other relevant reports/statutes shall be referred
as and when required.
 Sociology-I&II

Module-1 (Introduction to Sociology):

- Thinking Sociology.
- Sociology :- definition, aims and scope.
- Relation with other social sciences- history, anthropology and psychology and Law.
- Important theoretical approaches- Evolutionism, Functionalism, Conflict theory,
Interactionist theory.

Readings:

- Johnson, Allan G. 2008, The Forest and the Trees: Sociology as Life Practice
and Promise, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, Introduction and Chapter
1, ‘The Forest, the Trees and One Thing’, Pp. 1-36

- Beteille, Andre, 2009, Sociology: Essays in Approach and Method, Delhi:

Oxford University Press, Chapter 1, ‘Sociology and Common Sense’, Pp. 13-
27.

- Béteille, André, 1985, Six Essays in Comparative Sociology, New Delhi:

Oxford University Press, Chapter 1, ‘Sociology and Social Anthropology’.

- Bottomore, T. B. 1971, Sociology: A Guide to Problems and Literature,

London: Allen and Unwin. Chapter 4, ‘The Social Sciences, History and
Philosophy’, Pp. 65-80.

- Beattie, J., 1966, Other Cultures, London R.K.P., Chapter 2, ‘Social

Anthropology and Some Other Sciences of Man’, Pp. 25- 29.

- Burke, Peter, 1980, Sociology and History, George Allen and Unwin, Chapter
1, ‘Sociologists and Historians’, Pp. 13-30.

Module-2 (Basic Concepts used in Sociology):

- Individual and Group.

- Society, Community, Associations and Institutions.
- Culture and Cultural Change.
- Norms and Values.
- Social Groups.
- Status and Role.
- Customs and Law.
- Contemporary issues, concepts and theories – Gender, Sexuality, Environment
Readings:

- MacIver, Robert M, and Charles Hunt Page. 1949. Society, New York:
Rinehart. Chapter 10, ‘Types of Social Groups’, Pp. 213-237 3.1.2

- Horton, Paul B., Chester L. Hunt. 2004, Sociology. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-
Hill, Chapter 8, Pp. 185-209.

- Firth, Raymond, 1956, Human Types, Thomas Nelson & Sons, Chapter 3,
‘Work and Wealth of Primitive Communities’, Pp. 71-97.

- Bierstedt, Robert, 1974, The Social Order, New York: McGraw Hill Book
Company Part 3, Chapter 5, ‘The Meaning of Culture’, p. 125‐ 151, Chapter 6,
‘The Content of Culture’ Pp. 152‐187, Chapter 7, ‘The Acquisition of Culture’,
Pp. 188-212.

- Redfield, Robert 1956, Chapter 16, ‘How Human Society Operates’, in Harry
L Shapiro (ed.) Man, Culture and Society. New York: Oxford University Press,
Pp. 345-368

Module-3 (Introduction to Law & Society and Sociology of Law):

 Why read law sociologically?

 Sociological Conception of Law.
 Nature of Sociology of Law,
 Development of Sociology of Law in the Europe and America.
 Sociology of Law in India.
 Law and Society

Readings

● Marc Galanter, Law and Society in Modern India, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi, 1997, pp 296-303
● Nkansah, L. A., & Chimbwanda, V. (2015). Interdisciplinary approach to legal
scholarship: A blend from the qualitative paradigm. Asian Journal of Legal
Education, 3(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322005815607135
● Cotterrell, R. (n.d.). Law in social theory and social theory in the study of law.
The Blackwell Companion to Law and Society, 15–29.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470693650.ch2

Additional Reading:
 ● Roger Cotterrell (1998). Why Must Legal Ideas Be Interpreted Sociologically?
25(2) Journal of Law and Society, 171–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-
6478.00086

Module-4 (Emergence of Sociology and Contributions of eminent sociologists):

- Herbert Spencer
- Auguste Comte.
- Emile Durkheim.
- Karl Marks.
- Max Weber.

Readings:

- Ritzer, George, 1996, Classical Sociological Theory, New York: McGraw Hill,
Chapter 1, ‘A Historical Sketch of Sociological Theory- The Early Years’, Pp.
13-46.

- Bottomore, T. B. 1971. Sociology: A Guide to Problems and Literature,

London: Allen and Unwin, Chapter 2, Pp. 29-47.

- Gouldner, Alvin, 1977, ‘Sociology’s Basic Assumptions’ in Thompson,

Kenneth and Jeremy Tunstall, Sociological Perspectives, New York: Penguin
Books Ltd, Pp. 13-17.

- Durkheim, Emile, 1984, The Division of Labour in Society, Basingstoke:

Macmillan. Pp. 149-174 Radcliffe Brown, A.R., 1976, Structure and Function
in Primitive Society, Free Press Chapter 9 & 10, Pp. 178-204.

- Weber, Max, 1978, Economy & Society: An outline of Interpretive Sociology,

Vol. 1, University of California Press, Basic Concepts, Pages 4-26.

- Marx, Karl, 1990, Selected writings in Sociology and Social Philosophy,

Penguin Books Limited, Pp. 88-101 Dahrendorf, Ralf, 1968, Essays in the
Theory of Society, Stanford: Stanford University Press, Chapters 4 & 5, Pp.
107-150.

Module-5 (Theretical Foundation of SOL):

 Law and the rise of Social Sciences.

 Max Weber on Rationalization of Law.
 Emile Durkheim on Law and Solidarity.
 Theoretical move towards the sociological study of law.
Readings:

● Emile Durkheim, ed. Steven Lukes, The Division of Labour in Society (trans.
W. D. Halls), Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, pp. 57-64, 96-104
● Max Weber, ed. Talcott Parsons, The Theory of Social and Economic
Organization (trans. A.M. Henderson and Talcott Parsons), The Free Press,
1947, pp. 124-132, 136-39
● Karl Marx, ed. T.B.Bottomore and Maximilien Rubel, Selected Writings in
Sociology and Social Philosophy, McGraw Hill, 1964, pp. 167-78

Additional readings:

● Nussbaum, Martha C., 1995, “Objectification”, Philosophy & Public Affairs,

24(2): 249–291
● Cohen, G.A., 1974, “Marx’s Dialectic of Labour”, Philosophy & Public Affairs,
3(3): 235–261
● Trubek, David M, Max Weber on Law and the Rise of Capitalism (1972) 3
Wisconsin Law Review 720-753

Module-6 (Family and Marriage)

- Family and Marriage as Institutions.

- Theories and perspectives- Evolutionary, Functionalist, Marxian, Feminist and
Interacionist.
- Joint Family, Extended Family and Nuclear Family.
- Types of Marriages.
- Rules of Marriages.
- Changing structure of Institution of Family and Marriage.

Readings:

- Shah, A.M., 1998, ‘Changes in the Indian Family: An Examination of Some

Assumptions’, in The Family in India: Critical Essays, New Delhi: Orient
Longman, Pp.52-63.

- Freeman, J. D., 1958, ‘The Family Systems of the Iban of Borneo’, in J.

Goody (ed.), The Developmental Cycle in Domestic Groups, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, Pp. 15-52

- Leach, E.R., 1961, ‘Polyandry, Inheritance and the Definition of Marriage with
Particular Reference to Sinhalese Customary Law’, in E. R. Leach (ed.),
Rethinking Anthropology, London: The Athlone Press, Pp. 105-113.
 - Gough, Kathleen E., 1959, ‘The Nayars and the Definition of Marriage’, in The
Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 89:
23-34.

- Uberoi, Patricia, 1995, ‘When is a Marriage not a Marriage? Sex, Sacrament

and Contract in Hindu Marriage’, Contributions to Indian Sociology, n.s. 29,
1&2: 319-45

Module-7 (Concept and theories of Stratification)

- Introduction to the concept of Stratification.

- Theories of Stratification: Marx, Weber, Veblen, Pareto.
- Perspective on Stratification- Evolutionary, Functionalist, Marxist, Weberian and
Faminist..
-Caste and Class.
- Origin and theories of Caste system in India.
- Changes in the Caste System in India and various movements that brought about
Change.

Readings:

- -Worsley, Peter. Introducing Sociology.2nd ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin

Books, 1970. Chapter 8, Social Stratification: Class, Status and Power, pp.
395 – 408
- -McLellan,

- David. The Thought of Karl Marx. London: Papermac, 1995. Part 2. Chapter
6. Class, pp. 182-194.

- Weber, Max, Hans Heinrich Gerth, and C. Wright Mills. From Max Weber.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1946. Chapter VII, Class, Status, Party.
Pp. 180 – 195 2.1.3

- Bottomore, T. B. Classes in Modern Society. New York: Pantheon Books,

1966. Chapters. 2 & 3 The Nature of Social Class & Classes in Industrial
Societies. 9-75.

- -Davis, Kingsley, and Wilbert E. Moore. 'Some Principles of Stratification'.

American Sociological Review 10.2 (1945): pp. 242-249.

- Tumin, Melvin M. 'Some Principles of Stratification: A Critical Analysis'.

American Sociological Review 18.4 (1953): 387-394.

- Jain, Ravindra K. ‘Hierarchy, Hegemony and Dominance: Politics of Ethnicity

in Uttar Pradesh, 1995’ Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Jan.
27, 1996), pp. 215-223 3.1.3
 - -Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. Racial Formation in the United States.
New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986. Chapters 1 & 4 , pp. 14-24 and 57-
69 3.1.4 -- -

Module-8 (Law and Stratification)

- Law and Gender Justice/Injustice/ Empowerment.

- Law and Child.
- Law and Minority (Caste, Religious and Tribal)
- Law and Disability.

Module-9: (West, Ethnocentrism, Eurocentrism and Primitive Law).

 Henry Maine: Evolutionary Approach to the Study of Law

 Bronislaw Malinowsky: Ethnographic Study of Law
 E. Adamson Hoebel: The Law of Primitive Man
 Max Gluckman and Paul Bohanan: Language, Representation and Cultural
Comparison
 of Law
 Folkways and Mores. (Sumner)
 Social Basis of Law. (Savigny)

Readings:

- Galanter, M. (1972). The aborted restoration of ‘indigenous’ law in India.

Comparative Studies in Society and History, 14(1), 53–70.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500006502

- Deflem, Matthew. Sociology of Law: Visions of a Scholarly Tradition,

Cambridge University Press, 2008.

- Cotterrell, Roger. The Sociology of Law: An Introduction, 2nd Edition, Oxford

University Press, 1992.

- Ehrlich, Eugen. Fundamental Principles of Sociology of Law, transaction

publishers, 2002.
Module-10 (Understanding Crime):

 Sociology of Crime and Deviance.

 Physiological and Psychological theories.
 Delinquent subculture theory.
 Labelling theory.
 Functionalist Perspective.
 Marxist Criminology Perspective
 Feminist Criminology Perspective.

Readings:

- Fanon, F. Wretched of the Earth; Penguin, London; 1965.

- Laqueur, W. The Age of Terrorism; Goerge Weidenfeild and Nicholson Ltd.

London; 1987 6.

- Williams, K.S. Criminology; Universal Law Publication (Indian Reprint); Delhi,

2001.

Module-11 (Law as integrative Mechanism):

 Function and Purpose in Law.

 A Law-centred conception of Social Cohension : Pound.
 Law and Solidarity in Modern Society: Durkheim.
 Universal Functions of Law: Llewellyn.
 Social system and Social Structure: Parsons.
 The Integrative functions of Law.

Module-12 (Law and Social Change):

 Understanding Social Change.

 Theories of Social Change
 Social Change in India.
The role of law in bringing Social change in India.

Readings:

- Anleu. S. and N.L. Roach Law and social changes; Sage Publications Ltd.
Delhi; 2000.
- Saxena, D.r. Law, Justice and Social Change; Vedam Books, Delhi; 1996.
Title of the Course: Economics and Law -1
Faculty Name: Dr. Meenakshi Parida
Code No.3.4
Year/Sem. Second Year/IIIrd semester
Objectives of the Course:
A course that blends expertise in economics and law enables lawyers to have an impact on a
wide range of issues related to law, business, and finance. Judges and practitioners
increasingly rely on economic reasoning to resolve legal disputes. In some areas of legal
practice—especially antitrust law, tax law, bankruptcy, corporate and securities law, and other
fields of economic law—economic reasoning is often central to the focus of legal arguments,
and it continues to grow in importance in many other seemingly non-economic fields, such as
environmental law, intellectual property law, health law, and more. Considering the
importance and interdisciplinary nature of both the subjects, this particular course assumes
importance.
It is an introductory course to microeconomics with applications to law and policy.
Throughout this course we shall see how microeconomics can help us to understand
individuals and firms attempting to behave in an optimal manner under constraints and
therefore be able to predict outcomes. In the process we shall learn how economics can be
used to understand all kinds of choices or decisions made by all kind of diverse micro units –
families, political parties, entrepreneurs, law breakers, defence strategists and even students
in deciding on law as a career –for law students it gives both a method and methodology to
analyse the instrument of law.

Learning Outcome of the Course

Through this course, the students will develop
1. Ability to understand the normative aspects of Economics and law.
2. Ability to recognize the interplay between law and economic principles.
3. Ability to understand the role of law in generating social value through market driven
transactions.
4. Ability to apply economic analysis to determine the efficiency of laws.
5. Ability to apply economic analysis to predict which laws will be issued.
6. Ability to issue critical opinions regarding legal topics using economic tools.
7. Ability to apply microeconomic theories to policy discussions.
8. Ability to communicate economic ideas to a broader audience- non-economists.
9. Ability to evaluate the effectiveness of policy programs using sound economic
techniques.
This course will use both economic theory (especially microeconomic theory) and empirical
tools to look at legal concepts. These are used to explain the effects of laws, to assess which
legal rules are economically efficient, and to predict which legal rules will be promulgated in
society.
Course Outlines Module Wise
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND ECONOMICS, AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS
A. INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND ECONOMICS
B. INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS

MODULE 2: ECONOMICS OF PROPERTY AND CONTRACT LAW

A. Economic Theory of Property
B. Topics in the Economics of Property Law
C. An Economic Theory of Contract Law
D. Topics in the Economics of Contract Law

MODULE 3: ECONOMICS OF TORT LAW AND THE LEGAL PROCESS

A. An Economic Theory of Tort Law
B. Topics in the Economics of Tort Liability and the legal Process

MODULE 4: ECONOMICS OF CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

A. Economic Theory of Crime and Punishment
B. Topics in the Economic Theory of Crime and Punishment

MODULE 5: A FOCUS ON EMPIRICAL LAW AND ECONOMICS

A. Historical Perspective of Empirical Studies in Law and Economics
B. Survey of Useful Data Sources
C. Examples / Review of Selected Empirical Papers from the NBER

Pedagogy:
Learner Focused pedagogy
This course will use a collaborative pedagogical approach where teacher becomes the mentor
or coach aiming to help students achieve their learning goals. Using this approach, the
students and teacher will work together- using collective skills and expertise to accomplish
learning objectives. This will be accomplished through class room lecture, participation,
discussion, case simulation and other practical activities wherever applicable.
Methodology:
This course will be taught through various techniques such as- lecture delivery, discussion,
case simulation, and assignments. The classes will be developed in an active and participative
way. A two-way communication platform will be created so as to accomplish learning goals.
Techniques such as student presentations, open dialogue will be used to further incentivise
the learning of a given topic. The teacher will use several teaching materials, including
development exercises and cases.
Project Evaluation Matrix:

Project Evaluation Scheme

Project Report Total marks- 20
Introduction 3
Method 3
Content/Data 5
Analysis/Interpretation 3
Report writing/ Conclusion 4
Footnotes/Bibliography 2
Presentation Total marks 5
Comprehension + Interaction + Response (2+1+ 2)

Basic Readings & Books

1. Cooter, Robert, & Ulen, Thomas. (2016). Law and Economics. Berkeley Law Books.
2. N. Gregory Mankiw (2016). Principles of microeconomics. CENGAGE Learning
3. Hal R. Varian (2009) intermediate Microeconomics: A modern Approach. W W Norton & Co Inc
Complementary Readings

1. Cooter, R., & Rubinfeld, D. (1989). Economic analysis of legal disputes and their resolution.
Journal of Economic Literature, 27(3), 1067-1097
2. Geistfeld, M. (2009). Efficiency, Fairness, and the Economic Analysis of Tort Law (Working
Paper No 09-21). New York University.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1396691
3. Gilmore, E. (1917). The Relation of Law and Economics. Journal of Political Economy, 25(1),
69-79. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1823141.pdf
4. Posner, E. A. (2002). Economic analysis of contract law after three decades: Success or
failure. Yale LJ, 112, 829.
5. Posner, R. (2005). Intellectual Property: The Law and Economics Approach. Journal of
Economic Perspectives, 19, 57-73.
https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/0895330054048704

Teaching Plan of the Semester

WEEK 1 MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND ECONOMICS, AND LEGAL
July 22nd -29th INSTITUTIONS
A. INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND ECONOMICS
1.1 What is Economic Analysis of the Law
1.2 The Primacy of Efficiency Over Distribution in Analysing Private
Law
1.3 The Structure of Microeconomic Theory
1.4 Some Fundamental Concepts

WEEK 2 B. INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS

July 31st - 1.5 The Theory of Consumer Choice and Demand
August 7th 1.6 The Theory of Supply
WEEK 3 1.7 The concept of Elasticity
August 8th-14th 1.8 General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics

WEEK 4 MODULE 2: ECONOMICS OF PROPERTY AND CONTRACT LAW

August 16th ECONOMICS OF PROPERTY LAW
-23rd A. Economic Theory of Property
2.1. The Legal Concept of Property
2.2. Bargaining Theory
2.3. An Economic Theory of Property
2.4. How are Property Rights Protected?

WEEK 5 B. Topics in the Economics of Property Law

August 24th – 30th 2.5. What can be Privately Owned?
2.6. How are Property Rights Established and Verified?
2.7. What May Owners Do with Their Property?

WEEK 6 A. An Economic Theory of Contract Law

September 1- 8th 2.8. Bargain Theory: An Introduction to Contracts
2.9. An Economic Theory of Contract Enforcement
2.10. An Economic Theory of Contract Remedies

WEEK 7 B. Topics in the Economics of Contract Law

September 9th 2.11 Remedies as Incentives
- 16th

WEEK 8 MODULE 3: ECONOMICS OF TORT LAW AND THE LEGAL PROCESS

September 17TH A. An Economic Theory of Tort Law
24th 3.1 Defining Tort Law
3.2 An Economic Theory of Tort Liability

- B. Topics in the Economics of Tort Liability

WEEK 9 3.3 Computing Damages
September24th
-30th

MID TERM EXAM

WEEK 10 Legal process
September30th 3.4 The Goal of the Legal Process: Minimizing Social Costs
- October 8th 3.5 Why Sue?
3.6 Exchange of Information
3.7 Settlement Bargaining

An Economic Theory of the Legal Process.

WEEK 11 3.8 Complaints, Lawyers, Nuisances, and Other Issues in the Legal Process
October 9th-16th
WEEK 12 MODULE 4: ECONOMICS OF CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
October 17th – 23rd An economic Theory of Crime and Punishment

Topics in the Economics of Crime and Punishment

WEEK 13
October 24th
- 30th

MODULE 5: A FOCUS ON EMPIRICAL LAW AND ECONOMICS

WEEK 14 A. Historical Perspective of Empirical Studies in Law and Economics
Nov 1st -8th

B. Survey of Useful Data Sources

WEEK 15 C. Examples / Review of Selected Empirical Papers from the NBER
Nov 9th -16th

END TERM EXAM