COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (CHEM 114)

Written Report

HYRDRAULICS

Catingub, Jom Harrod

Frances, Jhoanna Marie

Nicart, Mariel P.

Singson, Mary

Tonido, Rouniel

Presented to:

Engr. Abbygail Palmes

Instructor – CHEM 114

 HYDRAULICS

Hydraulics, focusing on the practical applications of fluids in motion, particularly liquids,

is closely linked to fluid mechanics as its primary theoretical foundation. It encompasses the

movement and containment of liquids in various scenarios such as pipelines, rivers, channels,

tanks, and dams. Additionally, hydraulics extends to gas applications, particularly in situations

with minimal density fluctuations, incorporating pneumatic control systems and mechanical

equipment like fans and gas turbines.

The roots of contemporary hydraulic power technology can be traced back to the

contributions of Swiss physicist Daniel Bernoulli and French scientist-philosopher Blaise Pascal.

Pascal's principle, dating to around 1650, emphasizes the equal transfer of pressure in a liquid in

all directions. Bernoulli's theorem, formulated a century later, asserts the conservation of energy

in a fluid due to elevation, motion, and pressure.

The invention of pumps in the 19th century significantly expanded the potential

applications of hydraulic principles, leading to the development of pressurized water systems for

industrial use. The 20th century witnessed substantial advancements, including the introduction

of self-contained hydraulic units, enabling diverse applications in machine tools, automobiles,

aircraft, and spacecraft. The fundamental components of hydraulic power systems include the

driver (electric motor or engine), pump, control valves, motor, and load, working in tandem to

transmit energy efficiently.

 Fluid power, with its flexibility and force multiplication capabilities, competes

successfully with mechanical and electrical systems in operating and controlling various

machinery, from machine tools to automobiles, farm equipment, and mining machinery.

Hydraulic systems have become integral to industrial, agricultural, and defense activities,

influencing mass production and automation. The technology's versatility is evident in its role in

modern aircraft, missiles, ground-support equipment, and even hydraulic fracturing (fracking)

for extracting natural gas and petroleum from previously inaccessible deposits.

Importance of Hydraulics

Hydraulic systems find widespread applications across various industries, with examples ranging

from automobiles to industrial machinery and construction equipment. In the automotive sector,

hydraulics play a crucial role in power steering and braking systems. However, their utility

extends to airplanes, manufacturing machines, and construction equipment, making hydraulics a

ubiquitous technology that often goes unnoticed in daily life.

Several devices utilizing hydraulics illustrate the versatility of this technology. For instance, log

splitters employ a single-piston hydraulic mechanism to drive a wedge, breaking wood into

smaller pieces. The operation involves pressurizing a liquid through valves at each end of the

cylinder.
In industrial machinery like backhoes, multiple cylinders are commonly employed to move

various sections. Larger equipment with intricate settings often incorporates electronic controls.

Backhoes utilize hydraulic systems to operate the bucket, dipper arm, and extended boom.

Bucket trucks, also known as cherry pickers, demonstrate another application of hydraulics.

These trucks, designed for working at elevated heights, use hydraulics to lift and lower the

operator within the bucket. The hydraulic system also facilitates the rotation of the bucket.

Components of Hydraulic System:

Hydraulic systems typically include the following components:

1. Fluid - oil that moves throughout the system (typically petroleum)

2. Accumulator - stores energy with pressurized gas

3. Reservoir/receiver - holds excess fluid

4. Fluid filter - removes contaminants from the fluid

5. Pump/compressor - pumps the fluid through the system (can be manual or electric)

6. Pistons - create different pressure zones throughout the system

7. Motor - the power source for the pump

8. Control valves - controls the direction and flow rate of the fluid
9. Piping/tubing - allows the pressurized fluid to travel from one place to another

10. Actuator/cylinder - receives the fluid and converts the energy to do work

With its adaptability and ability to amplify force, hydraulic systems can effectively rival their

mechanical and electrical counterparts across a diverse range of industrial applications,

impacting sectors such as the military, agriculture, and automotive industry. The versatility of

this technology is evident in its essential role in contemporary aircraft, missiles, ground-support

apparatus, and unconventional processes like hydraulic fracturing.

The significance of hydraulics is underscored by its widespread use in various

applications, ranging from industrial machinery and construction equipment to power steering

and brake systems in automobiles. The technology's flexibility is particularly noticeable in tools

like bucket trucks, backhoes, and wood splitters, where hydraulic mechanics enable a range of

tasks. The collaboration of components such as fluid, accumulator, reservoir, pump, pistons,

motor, control valves, pipes, actuators, and other fundamental parts within hydraulic systems

collectively contributes to enhancing the technology's versatility and efficiency. Hydraulics

remains a crucial element, subtly yet ubiquitously influencing and improving numerous aspects

of daily life and industrial operations.

REFERENCES:

https://www.slideshare.net/RuzaanKaranjia/concepts-of-hydraulics-system-251057310

https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/hydraulics#:~:text=Hydraulics%20is%20a

%20mechanical%20function,through%20hydraulic%20cylinders%20moving%20pistons.

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/concept-hydraulics-its-application-manufastin

https://www.britannica.com/science/hydraulics