Photon Theory DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION & MATTER PHYSICS

WALLAH Thermal Neutron

Power E h 30.83
Intensity (I) = = Perfectly Reflecting at an angle Nature of material λ= = A
Area
E/
tA C
3mkBT T
= energy per unit area per unit time 2E
∆p= _ COS θ (
m1 m2

Electron λ= 12.27 A
θ
K.E
P 1 C (
Point source I= = I
θ

4π r2 r2 2P V
F = _ COS θ
C
1 Proton λ= 0.286 A
i
Line source I= P E/
V0
I
C
2
_I
2π rl r Rad. Pressure = COS θ -ve +ve
01 02
V
C for same energy E
0.202
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
Voltage (V)
02 > 01
Deutron (λ)= A
1 c -c ) V
1 no.of Photons
2
Energy of photon E = h (K.E)max= eV0= 2 mVmax = h( - 0) =h ( w02 > w01
λ 0.101
n= E = E
0
c
E= n h = Frequency of incident light in Hz = K.E2 K.E1 -Particle (λ)= A
>
h hC Max.kinetic energy of emitted photoelectron V02 V01
> V
2 no.of Photons per unit time 1 2
(K.E)max = E-w = mVmax
2
Factors affecting stopping potential 1
H (Proton) 1 Proton m,q
n = E = P = IA Intensity (I) 2m,q
= IA λ
2
H (Deuteron) 1 Proton + 1Neutron
Conceptual question
t th h h hc Intensity ,K.E Remains same 4
He ( -Particle) 2 Proton+2 Neutron
Work function (w) Stopping potential remains same If green color have just sufficient energy 2

no.of Photons per area per unit time 4m,2q

3 Minimum energy required for photoelectric
for photoelectric effect
increasing
n = E = P = I Iλ effect to occur I3>I2>I1 E no photo electric effect

At tAh Ah h = c I3 order of λ
hc

{
w=h 0 =h h=6.63x10 -34
Js i Relationship b/w wavelength of photon
0 V I B G Y O R
I2 & that of electron
=Threshold frequency in Hz

{
0
Power of incident radiation (P) I1 sure photo electric effect Ratio of wavelength of photon
0 =Threshold wavelength in m
λ to that of electron with same
(λ
E
n
P= nthc
( Work function only deponds on nature of energy E
P metal
λ
source1 P1 λ1 n1 V0 Voltage (V) Useful conversions photon
=c 2m λphoton λ2 e
Frequency Wave Length (nm) K.E (eV)
e E
source1 P2 λ2 n2 Factors affecting photoelectric effect Frequency ,Energy , K.E ,V0 K.E= 1240 (eV) Ratio of K.E of electron to that of
λ
P1 n1 Intensity
= + λ2 Intensity ,photoelectrons ,photocurrent
Wave Length (A ) K.E (eV) photon with same wavelength
P2 n2 λ1 (K.E Remains same)
i K.E= 12400 (eV)
λ K.Ee = V
for Same
K.E photon 2C
Dual Nature of Radiation
photocurrent (i) Intensity (I) 3 Two Identical photo cathode recieve
Frequency 2 light of frequencies f1& f2. If velocity
Frequency ,Energy , K.E
1 of photo elecrons are v1 & v2
i -ve +ve A particles formed due to completely
(Work function Remains same) then v 2-v 2= 2h [f -f ]
E h V03 V02 V01 m inelastic collision of particle ‘x‛ and ‘y‛
Momentum of photon (p) = c =
1 2 1 2
Voltage (V)
λ I having debroglie wave length λx and λy
∆p > > V03> V02 >V01 respectively.
Force (F) = ∆t
K.E
3 2 1
Dual Nature of If they are moving in opposite directions
Radiation Pressure = F
Stopping potential V0 vs frequency graph
Matter
A p=pX-pY PX PY
For perfectly reflecting V0
Wave nature of Matter
then λx λy
surface E/
h = h h λ=
C 0
Debroglie waves - λx- λy
2E 2P fast moving particles like electron with λ λx λy
∆p= F=
c c E/
(K.E)max = h -w much smaller mass behaves like a wave If they are moving at right angle to
2I C ie., Circular stationary waves
each other
Rad. Pressure = -w Slope = h 0
C Y Intercept = -w E=mc2 =
hc h = h2 + h2
x Intercept = 0 = p= p X2+pY2
For Perfectly Absorbing eVO = h -h O h
= mc =h h h h h λ λ2x λy2
p = mv = = =
Surface
2m(K.E) 3kmT 2mqV
- he O VO = h h
e -e O K.E = qV (for charged particle)
1= 1 + 1
Anode potential
E P Opposes K.E of electron h V = accelerating potential in Volt
λ λx2 λy2 λx
∆p=
c F= c Max Negative anode potential
Slope = e 3 PX
I Y Intercept =- h
K.E =
2 B
K T (thermal neutron )
Rad. Pressure(PR) = = Stopping potential (V0) e O
C for which Photocurrent (i) = 0
KB = Boltzmann‛s constant λy
x Intercept = 0 T = Temperature in Kelvin
PY