CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION

References:
Principles of Turbomachinery, 1st, Seppo A. Korpela, 2011
Fundamentals of turbo-machinery, 1st, William W. Peng, 2007
Definition 2

• The turbo-machine is an energy conversion device, converting

mechanical energy to thermal energy or pressure or vice versa.

• The conversion is done through the dynamic interaction between a

continuously flowing fluid and a rotating machine component.

• Positive displacement machines, such as piston type, which

operates as a result of statics interaction between the fluid and
mechanical components are excluded.

Fan
Centrifugal pump
Definition 3

The Siemens SST-600 industrial steam An open rotor and combustion chamber of
turbine with a capacity of up to 100-MW. an SGT5-4000F gas turbine.
Types and classification 4

• Turbo machines can be classified according to:

(a) Direction of energy transfer, either from mechanical to thermal/pressure or
vice versa.
Pumping devices
Pumping device converts mechanical energy into thermal/pressure energy.

Turbine
Turbine converts thermal/pressure energy to mechanical energy.

(b) Type of fluid medium handled, either compressible or incompressible.

Incompressible Compressible
The change in thermodynamics The change in thermodynamics
properties is negligible cannot be neglected

(c) Direction of flow through the rotating impeller: It can be in axial, radial with
respect to the rotational axis.
Types and classification 5

Incompressible fluid turbines and pumps

Francis Turbine Pelton Turbine Kaplan Turbine

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Centrifugal pump
Types and classification 6

As a summary turbomachinery can be decomposed as per the following scheme

Fluid machines

Turbo machines Positive Others

displacement
machines

Direction of energy Pumping devices Turbines

Type of fluid Pump, fan, Hydraulic,

(Liquid/gas) blower, wind, gas,
compressor steam turbines

Flow direction Axial-flow, mixed flow, radial flow.

Performance characteristics 7

Turbo machine is characterized with several parameters, some of them are:

1) Flow rate
2) Rotating speed
3) Input and output power and torque
4) Efficiency, η = Pout /Pin
5) Inlet and outlet fluid properties
In general these parameters are correlated
using experimental data by charts and
non-dimensional numbers

Example of a
performance map of a
pump
Performance characteristics 8

Turbo machine is characterized with several parameters, some of them are:

1) Flow rate
2) Rotating speed
3) Input and output power and torque
4) Efficiency, η = Pout /Pin
5) Inlet and outlet fluid properties
In general these parameters are correlated
using experimental data by charts and
non-dimensional numbers

Example of a performance map

of a compressor used for
turbocharger
Examples 9

Reference: William W. Peng, 2007

Examples 10

Reference: William W. Peng, 2007

Examples 11

Reference: William W. Peng, 2007