Environmental

Pollution & Control

Asst. Prof. Bhagvat Zolapara
SAL College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
 Environmental Pollution

 Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in

physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any component of the
environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause harmful effects on various
forms of life or property.

 Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any substance

causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to the organisms

 Pollutant: Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or uneasiness to

the organisms, then that particular substance may be called as the pollutant.
 CAUSES OF POLLUTION

 Natural:  Manmade:
 Volcanic Eruptions  Commercial activities
 Earthquakes  Industrial activities
 Storms & dust  Over Population
 UV radiation  Use of Vehicles
 Mining
 Nuclear Explosive
 Construction of buildings, roads, etc.
 Classification of Pollutants:
Based on

nature of Concentration in nature Form of Pollutant Their Source

material

Quantitative Qualitative
• Become • Added by
pollutant when human Primary Secondary
concentration • Insecticides • Smoke • PAN
increases • Pesticides • Dust • Ozone
• CO2 • HC • Ketones
• SO3
Man-made
• Industrializ
Biodegradable Non-biodegradble ation
• Wood • DDT Natural • Urbanisati
• Paper • Glass • Volcanic on
• Garbage • Plastic eruptions • Mining
• cardboard • Polyethylene Bags • Forest fires • Fertilizers
• E-waste • storms use
Water pollution
Let us understand Quality Parameters of Water…
 Water Quality Parameters:
 Physical  Chemical  Biological

1. Turbidity 1. TDS • Bacteria

• NTU, ppm • Size 10-3 μm to 10-5 μm • Protozoa
• removed by • Impart colour, taste, toxicity, carcinogenic • Virus
filtration 2. pH
• Permissible • pH meter → 0 to 14 – 6.5 to 8.5 for potable water
limit 5 NTU
• Tests for detecting
3. Acidity: pH < 7 pathogens:
2. Colour • Mineral acidity → S & Fe → pH 0 - 4.5
• E-coli test
• Tintometer • CO2 Acidity → pH 4.5 - 8.5
• Presumptive
• by aeration, 4. Alkalinity: pH >7 test
oxidation • Capacity to neutralize, gives bitter taste • Confirmed
• Permissible 5. Hardness: Soap destroying property test
limit 15 Hazen • Temporary: Carbonate & Bicarbonate of Ca & Mg • Completed
3. Odour & Taste • Boiling or adding lime test → MPN
• Osmoscope • Permanent: Sulphate, chlorides & nitrates of Ca & Mg • Membrane filter
4. Suspended Solids • Zeolite or lime soda process technique
• 100 μm to 1 6. Chlorides: CaCl2 , MgCl2 , NaCl → salty taste
μm 7. Fluorides: Natural fluorides present in water sources
5. Temperature • < 1 mg/l dental cavities
• Biological • > 1.5 mg/l fluorosis (discoloration)
activities 8. Metals: Soluble in water
increase • Toxic: Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, lead & Mercury
o
• 20 C • Non Toxic: Na, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn
Water Pollution
 Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in physical,
chemical, or biological characteristics of water through
natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its
designated use.

 Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to many uses.

 It is used for drinking, domestic, municipal, agricultural,

irrigation, industries, navigation, recreation uses.

 The used water becomes contaminated and is called waste

water.
 Sources of Water Pollution
 Most of Water Pollution is man made.
 It may also occur naturally by addition of soil particles through
erosion, animal wastes and leaching of minerals from rocks

 The sources of water pollution can be classified as

Municipal Waste Water
Industrial Waste
Inorganic Pollutants
Organic Pollutants
Agricultural Wastes
Marine Pollution
Thermal pollution
 Classification of Water Pollutants

Organic Inorganic Sediments Radioactive Thermal

materials Pollutants

• Salts • Silts
• Mineral Acids • Debris • Water from nuclear
• Finely divided • Clay power plant
Metals • Sand • Uranium ore processing
• From research
• Oxygen demanding waste laboratories
• BOD & COD
• Synthetic Organic Compounds
• Pesticides • Water is used as a
• Disease causing waste cooling medium
• Pathogens • Heat
• Bacteria • DO at 0oC 14.6 ppm
• Virus • DO at 40oC 6 ppm