ART APPRECIATION  Human potential for growth and development is virtually unlimited

Lesson 1 : Humanities and Arts  Self-concept plays an important role in growth and development
Humanities  Individuals have an urge for self-actualization
 study the aspects of human society and culture.  Reality is defined by each person
 In the Renaissance, the term constructed with divinity and referred to  Individuals have a responsibility to both themselves and to others.
what it is now called classics. Art
 Frequently constructed with natural and sometimes, social sciences as 
Is a diversity of human activities and created by visuals, auditory or
well as professional training performing artifacts, artworks and author imagination
 Study of ancient and modern language, literature, philosophy and  art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from
history crafts or sciences
 The study of man’s culture/nature, evolution, his ideas, and 3 branches of art
aspirations  painting, sculpture and architecture
 Renaissance scholar, called humanist  Music, theater, film, dance and other performing arts as well as
Trivium literature and other media such as interactive media, are included in a
 Grammar, rhetoric broader definition of the arts.
Quadrium Nature of Arts
 Arithmetic, music  Art or arts is of Aryan root “ar” which means to join or put together
Importance of Humanities and has its Latin term being “sars” or “artis” which means everything
 Provides man a through knowledge of his history and his cultural that is artificially made or composed by man
tradition  Art constitutes one of the oldest and most important means of
 Help man to acquire values and wisdom expression developed by man.
 Help man to develop critical thinking  Art is subjective
 Help man’s intellectual, social, moral, and aesthetic development Functions of Art
Why Study Humanities  Express freely oneself
 Latin word “humanus” which means human, culture and refined.  Socially express his need for display, celebration and communication
 Man is taught to be as what the term exactly means being cultured and  Physically express the need for utility of functional objects.
refined The Forms of Art Diferentiated
 Compost of academic disciplines  Functional, the need for life to be better (nagagamit) (Architecture,
 Difference between present and past weaving, furniture-making)
 Understanding of different culture and set of time  those which may benefit the cause of man’s existence
 Process of experience but through philosophy, religion, literature, art  Non- Functional, the need to express aesthetics and beauty (for
and history aesthetic and beauty) (painting, sculpture, literature, music, dance and
Fundamentals Principles of Humanities theater)
 Human nature is inherently good  serves no utilitarian purpose
 Individuals are free and are capable of making choices Lesson 2: Arts and Philosophy
Philosophy  first distinguished between “what is good and what is beautiful''
 explain almost all aspects of human existence  For him, the universal elements of beauty are manifested by order,
 the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, symmetry and definiteness.
knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language  he stated that physical manifestation of beauty is affected by SIZE
 The term was probably coined by Pythagoras.  considered art as imitation or a representation of nature and his
Art or Aesthetic emphasis of the art is on POETRY which for him is more philosophical
 the study of beauty and taste than Philosophy itself.
 It examines subjective and sensory-emotional values, or sometimes Poets imitated the following according to Aristotle
called judgments of sentiment and taste  Things and events which have been or still are
Philosophy of Art  Things which are said to be seen and are probable
 study of the nature of art, including concepts such as interpretation,  Things which essentially are
representation and expression, and form Immanuel Kant
 closely related to aesthetics, the philosophical study of beauty and  was a German
taste.  Enlightenment philosopher who wrote a treatise on Aesthetics:
The Artistic Philosophers Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and the Sublime
Plato  main interest was not on art but on BEAUTY that it is a matter of
 philosopher of Ancient Greece who is known for his Dialogues TASTE
together with Socrates  explained that TASTE can be both SUBJECTIVE and UNIVERSAL.
 he loved and hated the arts For KANT, beauty is a question of form and color is NOT
 seen as a good literary stylist and great story teller IMPORTANT
 considered the arts as threatening The kinds of Aesthetic Responses according to kant
 He believed that “ though arts can be used to train citizens to have an  Beauty results in pleasure if there is order, harmony and symmetry
ideal society, using arts to accomplish this should be strictly controlled”  Beauty leads to a response of awe that overwhelms the viewers of the
 explained that the physical world is a copy of a perfect, rational, eternal art
and changeless original which he called FORMS. Lesson 3: Artist and Artisan
 Beauty, Justice, and The Circle are all examples of what Plato called Artist
Forms or Ideas (these Forms are perfect Ideals, but they are also more  is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art,
real than physical objects. He called them "the Really Real") practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art
 Other philosophers have called them Universals  "Artiste" (the French for artist), Use of the term to describe writers
 Form, is rational and unchanging and is a variant used in English only in this context
Plato’s ideas of the art Artisan
 Art is Imitation (copying others)  Handmade crafts (furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing,
 Art is dangerous (can persuade people) jewellery, food items, household items and tools)
Aristotle
 was a student of Plato
  from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano is a skilled craft worker who
makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly
decorative
 "artisanal", sometimes used in describing handprocessing
Similarities of Artist and Artisans
 Creative
 Artistic
 Make output out of experience and imaginations
The Art Form
 refers to the theory, human application and physical expression of
creativity found in human cultures and societies through skills and
imagination in order to produce objects, environments and
experiences.
 Major constituents of the arts include visual arts (including
architecture, ceramics, drawing, filmmaking, painting, photography and
sculpting), literature (including fiction, drama, poetry, and prose), and
performing arts (including dance, music and theater), culinary arts
(including cooking, chocolate making and winemaking).
Art forms which one may use to express his artistic inclinations:
Architecture
 art form that reflects how we present ourselves across the earth’s
landscape, and, like other expressive mediums, it changes with styles,
technologies and cultural adaptations.
 considered as the most functional of all the art forms
 Examples: The Malacanang Palace, the Philippines’ seat of
government, The Cultural Center of the Philippines, the center of
cultural activities of the country and Burj Khalifa, the highest
skyscraper in the United Arab Emirate
Sculpture
 an artistic form in which hard or plastic materials are worked into three-
dimensional art objects.
 Examples: The Jose Rizal Monument in Rizal Park, the University
of the Philippines Oblation in all UP campuses around the
Philippines and the Black Nazarene in the Minor Basilica of the
Black Nazarene in Quiapo district, Manila, Philippines.
Painting
 is the application of pigments to a support surface that establishes an
image, design or decoration. In art the term “painting” describes both
the act and the result
 created with pigment in liquid form and applied with a brush
Dance
 the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and
within a given space
Example: folk dances
Two concept of the art of dance
 is a powerful impulse
 as a skillfully choreographed art practiced largely by a
professional few
Two most important connecting ideas running through any
consideration of the subject
 the connection between the two concepts is stronger than in some
other arts
 can exist without the other
Music
 art form, and cultural activity, whose medium is sound.
 performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques
ranging from singing to rapping
 General definition of music: pitch (which 19 governs melody and
harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and
articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic
qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the
"color" of a musical sound)
Theater
 a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers,
typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real
or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often
a stage.
 the word "theatre" as derived from the Ancient Greek théatron, "a
place for viewing", itself from theáomai, "to see", "to watch", "to
observe"
Literature  come from the stories of gods and goddesses of Ancient Greece,
 is any body or collection of written work. Rome, Norse and Egyptians
 refers to writing considered to be an art form or any single writing  These so called deities of the mythological world depict present
 may be in any form such as poetry, novel, short story, essay, epic and humanlike behaviors.
legends among others. Dreams and Fantasy
Visual Arts  explain to the viewers the content of the art piece including the hidden
 felt by the senses which includes sculpture, painting and architecture. meaning behind each work.
Music, Dance and Theater are under the performance arts category Technology
UNIT 2  modernity of the present is also an inspiration being used by artists as
Lesson 1: The Subject of An Artwork a source of subject.
Subject
 refers to the main idea that is represented in the artwork. Lesson 3: Ways of Presenting the Subject
 basically the essence of the piece
 The art pieces which use a specific subject is called Naturalism
representational art or objective art (represents something); while  art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting.
those that have no subjects are called non-representational or non- Realism
objective art (compositions which do not rely on representation or  arts is generally the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully,
mimesis to any extent) (indicate a departure from reality in the without artificiality and avoiding speculative fiction and supernatural
depiction of imagery in art). elements.
Lesson 2: The Sources of Subjects Abstract
Nature  its roots in ‘intuition’ (of the artist) and ‘freedom’ (for the artist as well as
 refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in for the viewer). Capability of the artist to use their imagination to look
general. beyond.
People  Distortion – alteration of the original shape.
 considered the most interesting subject of an artwork which may be  Elongation – when the subject is lengthen.
real or imagined  Cubism – presentation of figures through the use of cone, cylinder,
History sphere, triangle etc.
 It is the depiction of factual events that occured in the past Symbolism
Legends  capability of the artist to use their imagination to look beyond what we
 Artworks based on legends present to viewers of the art something can physically see and translate intangible emotions onto the canvas.
tangible even when unverified Fauvism
Religion  forms of the subjects were also simplified making their work appear
 has played an enormous role in inspiring works of visual arts, music, quite abstract.
architecture and literature through age Dadaism
Mythology
  protest movement in the art that is playful and experimental. “Dada”  Made of graphite which comes in different hardness from soft to hard
means a “hobby horse”. Marcel Duchamp is the famous painter using or thickness from thick to needle-like.
this method. Shading Techniques:
Futurism Hatching
 developed in Italy about the same time as cubism appeared in France.  series of thin parallel lines that run in the same direction.
capture the mechanical energy of modern life. Cross-hataching
Surrealism  series of thin parallel lines and criss-crossing it with another set of tin
 this method mirrors the evils of the present society. parallel lines
Expressionism Strippling
 This features art works describing pathos, morbidity, chaos or even  Uses the sharp point of the pencil to make dot patterns in some parts
defeat and was introduced in Germany from 1900 – 1910. Believe that of the drawing.
man needs spiritual rebirth for him to correct defects that ruin the Blending
society.  using the finger or a paper stump to gradually change the tone from
dark to light.
UNIT 3
Lesson 1: The Process of Art Production 2. Ink
Production - the heart of making art.  one of the oldest materials for drawing that is still in use.
a. Medium
 When an artist is ready to express himself in art and to give shape to 3. Pastel
his vision, his first thought would be on what medium to use.  This is composed of dry pigment held together by a gum binder and
b. The Technique compressed into sticks.
 artwork shows the level of familiarity with the medium being Kinds of Pastel
manipulated. Soft pastel Hard Pastel Oil Pastel
c. Curation
 Derived from the word “curare” which means to take care. It is a Pastel Techniques
process that involves managing, overseeing and assembling or putting Stippling
together a presentation or exhibit for some type of artistic collection.  Using pastel of different colors to produce small marks, thus, creating a
pattern.
Lesson 2: The Different Media of the Visual Arts Feathering
1. Graphic or Two-Dimensional Arts  Using the point of the pastel to make parallel strokes creating a
A. Drawing feather-like effect.
 The fundamental skill needed in the visual arts. Scumbling
Different Media for Drawing  It is like layering but using pastel.
Pencils Impasto
  The technique of thickly applying the pastel by pressing it hard on the  Pigments are mixed with oil as its binder. It is a dense painting medium
paper creating an opaque effect. and gives rich, beautiful colors. Discovered by a Flemish painter, Jan
Sgraffito Van Eyck in the 15th century.
 Technique that applies a thick deposit of pastel on the support then Tempera
using a blunt pen, scrapes it off to reveal the underlying color.  Pigment is mixed with egg yolk (sometimes with the white) as binder.
Fresco
4. Charcoal  Pigment is mixed with water and applied on a portion of the wall with
 An organic medium that comes from burnt wood. wet plaster. It is used for mural paintings.
Kinds of Charcoal Acrylic
Compressed Charcoal  Modern medium with synthetic paint using acrylic emulsion as binder.
 The vine charcoal which comes in thin sticks that is easy to blend and C. Mosaic
erase.  Wall or floor decorations made of small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of
Manufactured Charcoal colored stones or glass called tesserae.
 Made from loose charcoal mixed with a binder and pressed into sticks. D. Collage
 Derived from a French word “coller” which means to stick. This is a
5. Paper technique of making art by gluing or pasting on firm support materials
 The most common surface used in two-dimensional art. or found objects.
Types of Paper E. Printmaking
Hot Pressed Paper – smooth.  Process used for making reproductions of graphic works.
Cold Pressed Paper – moderate texture. Printmaking Techniques:
Rough Paper – most texture (tooth). Relief Painting (raised) - The oldest method of printmaking. The
technique involves cutting away certain parts.
B. Painting Intaglio Printing (Depressed)- Instead of the surface of the plate for
 process of applying paint onto a smooth surface (ground/support) like the image, the lines of the image are cut or incised to a metal plate.
paper, cloth, canvas, wood or plaster. Surface Printing (Flat) - Includes all processes in which printing is
Pigment done from a flat surface
 part of the paint that gives color. Plastic or Three-Dimensional Arts
Sculpture - Originated from the Latin word “sculpere” which means to carve .
Different Media for painting: It is defined as the art or practice of creating three-dimensional forms or
Watercolor figures.
 Pigments are mixed with water and applied to paper. Kinds of Sculpture
Gouache Freestanding – can be viewed from all sides.
 The pigment has been mixed with water and added with a chalk-like Relief – figures project from a background.
material to give it an opaque effect. Two Variations of Relief Sculpture
Oil Paints Low Relief – figures are slightly raised.
High Relief – almost half of the figures project from its background. Construction Principles
A. Post and Lintel – make use of two vertical supports (post) and
4. Kinetic (mobile) – sculpture that is capable of movement by wind, water or spanned by horizontal beam (lintel). It is invented by the Greeks.
other forms of energy. B. Arch – a Roman invention that consists of separating pieces of wedge-
shaped blocks called voussoirs, arranged of semi-circle.
Lesson 3: The Process of creating sculptures Construction that can be built to the form of Principles of Arch:
A. Subtractive Process 1. Barrel Vault – a succession of arches
 Involves removing or cutting away pieces of the material to form the 2. Groin Vault – a structure consists of intersecting arches in resulting
figure. four opening.
B. Additive Process 3. Dome – structure with the shape of inverted cup.
 The process involves the construction of a figure by putting together C. Truss – system of triangular form that amended to form rigid
bits of the material or by welding together metal parts to create figures. framework.
C. Process of Substitution D. Cantilever – a structure that make use of a beam or slab that extends
 This process is also known as casting. This method involves using a horizontally into shapes beyond a support post.
mold to produce a 3D figure in another material. E. Buttress – structure that is form as a support for the wall.
D. Different Media of Sculpture: Lesson 5: Media of Architecture
a. Stone A. Compressive Strength – refers to the materials that can supports
 A natural medium.Hard and relatively permanent. heavy weights without crumbling or breaking down.
b. Wood B. Materials use to create building and infrastructure:
 Also a natural medium. It varies in hardness and durability depending 1. Stone and Bricks – stone are favored over other materials for its
on the kind of tree it came from. durability and adaptability to sculptural treatment and it use as a
c. Metal material in building structures in its natural states.
 It has three unique qualities: tensile strength, ductility and malleability. 2. Lumber (wood) – all parts of the building use wood except its
d. Plaster foundation.
3. Iron and steel – provide stronger and taller structure with the less
 It is finely ground gypsum mixed with water and poured into mold.
use of materials when compared to the stone and woods.
e. Terra cotta (cooked earth)
4. Concrete – mixture of cement and water, with agreements of sands
 baked clay or clay fired in a kiln at a relatively high temperature.
and gravels.
f. Glass
 Made by heating and cooling a combination of sand and soda lime.
Lesson 6: Literature and the Combined Arts
g. Plastic
Literature – art of combining spoken and written works and their meaning of
 Synthetic medium made from organic polymers. forms which have artistic and emotional appeal.
Types of Literature
LESSON 4: ARCHITECTURE 1. Poetry – it uses forms with its strict rules in number and lengths of
ARCHITECTURE – art of designing building and other structure which will lines and stanzas but in the recent years they have become more free-
serve a defining function. flowing.
 2. Fiction – written works with is not real which uses to elaborate
figurative languages.
3. Non-fiction – subjective matter that comes from real life.
4. Drama – includes all plays or any written works that are meant to be
performed.
Lesson 7: Music, Media in Music, some Genres in Music
A. Music – defined as an art of combining and regulating sounds of
varying pitch to produce compositions to express various ideas and
feelings.
B. Media in Music
Vocal Medium – the oldest and popular medium sounds of the human
voice
Classification of Human Voice (komien, 2008)
1. Soprano – highest female singing voice.
2. Contralto – female singing voice that is low and rich in equality.
3. Tenor – Highest adult male singing voice.
4. Bass – male singing voice that is low and rich in equality.
5. Baritone – male singing voice that is between tenor and bass.
Instrumental Medium – materials produce or create sounds.
Traditional Instruments in Music
1. Strings Instruments - provide basic orchestral sounds. Have two
kinds (1) Bowed Strings, use to produce tones in the use of bow of
the horsehair and (2) Plucked Strings, use to produce tones by
plucking with the use of fingers and plectrum held in one’s hand.
2. Woodwind Instruments – create sound by blowing into them.
3. Brass Instruments – have cup-shaped mouthpieces and extends
bell-shaped in the end.
4. Percussion Instruments – create sounds by hitting them.
5. Keyboard Instruments – make sound by means of keyboard
which consists of series of black and white keys.
C. Some Genres of Music
1. Classical Music – European tradition that covered the years of
1750s to 1830s. Forms such as symphony, concerto, and sonata
were standardized.
2. Folk Music – originated in the traditional popular culture or it is
written in such a style.
3. Pop Music – began at late 1950s or it is inspired by the tradition of
rock and roll.
4. Jazz – originated in the African American communities at the late
19th and 20th century.
5. Blues – originated in the African American deep south of the United
States in the late 19th century.
6. Rock Music – form of a music that is evolved rock and roll and pop
music.
7. Alternative Music – a style of music that is emerged in the
independent music of the 1980s and gained popularity in the
1990s.
Lesson 8: Dance, Type of Dance
Dance – it is said that it is the oldest of the art. It is the man’s gestures that
express emotions through rhythmic movements.
Types of Dances
1. Ethnologic (ethnic) – includes folk dances which are associated
with national and/or cultural groups.
2. Social and Ballroom – type of dancing that is used to performed in
pairs.
3. Ballet – originated in royal courts of the medieval era.
4. Social and Ballroom – sometimes called contemporary or
interpretative dances. These represent rebellion against the
classical formalist of ballet.
5. Musical Comedy (musicale) – refers to the those dances that are
performed by one dancers or group of dancers.
Lesson 9: Drama and Theatre, and Genres of Drama
Drama – genres of literature that is intended to act-out and performed on
stage in front of an audience.
Theatre – combined art includes music, dances, painting, sculpture and
architecture.
Genres of Drama
1. Tragedy – literature’s greatest dramatic genre.
 2. Melodrama – emphasizes the never-ending battle between good and Straight lines – geometric, impersonal, and differ in the direction that they
evil wherein good always win. take.
3. Comedy – exact opposite of tragedy. Horizontal Lines – move from left to right or vice versa. Line appears to be
4. Satire – portrays human weakness and human behavior to pave the laying down.
way to some form of salvation of human actions. Vertical Line – start from the bottom to top or vice versa. Line appears to be
5. Farce – light humorous play which emphasize is on the joke, standing.
humorous physical actions, exaggerated situations, and improbable Diagonal Lines – slanting line. It suggest two meaning, positive diagonals
characters. indicate action and movement and negative diagonal, convey a feeling of
uncertainly, stress and defeat.
Lesson 10: Cinema, Genres of Motion Picture and People behind motion Zigzag lines – angular lines that resulted in abrupt change in the direction of
pictures. a straight lines thus forming angles.
Cinema – series of images that is projected onto screen to create illusion of Curved lines – technically curvilinear lines. Suggest grace, movement and
motion. flexibility indicative of life and energy.
Genres of Motion Pictures Alphabet of lines
1. Feature films – generally shown in the movie theater. Visible outline
2. Animated movies – usually images created by artist or animators. Invisible outline
3. Documentary movies – deals primarily with fact, not fiction. Center line
4. Experimental films – series of images, literal or abstract which do not Center line, in pencil
necessarily form a narrative. Dimension line
5. Education films – specifically intended to facilitate learning at home or Extension line
classroom. Alternate Position
People behind Motion Pictures Line of Motion
1. Actors – plays a role as the characters. Cutting Plane
2. Producers – handles the finances. Ditto or Repeat line
3. Screenwriter – develops stories or ideas for the screen or adapts Broken Material
interesting written pieces of work as motion pictures. Limiting break
4. Director – studies the script, plans and visualize how the film should Cross-hatching line
be portrayed and guide actors and production crew as they carry-out
the project. Lesson 2: Properties of color and how colors relate and light and
UNIT 4 shadow.
Lesson 1: Line and Kinds of Line Color – adds beauty and meaning to all forms of art. Is the property of light.
Line – it is a path mad by moving point, a series of dots, a prolongation of Properties of Color
points, captures its essence in the visual arts is it being an intended mark Hue – it is the name given to he color; red, green, violet and blue.
made by the artist to convey meaning. Primary Hue – red, yellow and blue
According to Paul Klee, is a dot that went for a walk. Secondary Hues – two primary hues are mixed in equal amounts. Orange,
Kinds of Lines green and violet
Intermediate Hues – mixing equal amounts of the primary and secondary
hues. Red Orange, Blue Green and Blue Violet.
Tertiary Hues – combining equal mixture any two secondary hues.
Value – refers to the lightness or darkness of a color.
Shade – when black is combined with hue.
Tint – when white is added with hue.
Intensity – denotes the brightness or dullness of a color.
Hues become less intense (dull) when white is added because color
becomes lighter in value.
The hues intensity diminishes when black is added and as the value
darkness.
If gray is added, the result will be a variation in intensity without any change in
value.
How Colors Relate
Color harmony – one method of establishing color quality in a composition.
Monochromatic harmony – when single color in the composition is varied in
intensity and value by adding white and black.
Complementary harmony – results when two colors that are opposite each
other n the color wheel are placed side by side.
Analogous harmony – when hues that are adjacent or beside each other in
the color wheel.
Color temperature – relative warmth or coolness of a color. Warm colors,
colors that is dominant components like yellow and cool colors have blue as
heir dominant component.
Light and shadow (value) – focuses on what is known as achromatic value.
Changes in the amount of reflected light which ranges from black to gray to
white and vice versa.
Chiaroscuro – technique in manipulating light and shadow in painting.
Mastered this technique like Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rembrandt and
Caravaggio
Rembrandt and Caravaggio went a step further and exaggerated the use of
shadows to an extreme called tenebrism or “dark manner”.
Fernando Amorsolo, also mastered chiaroscuro, but his focus was more on
the manipulation of light rather than shadow.
Lesson 3: Shape and Classification of Shapes
Shapes – formed when two ends of a line meet to enclose an area.
Picture plane - any flat surface onto which the artwork is created.
Negative shapes - these are between the shapes that are not occupied by
any form.
Classification of Shapes
Natural or organic shapes - those are seen in nature like the shape of
leaves, animals, mountains, flowers and seashells.
Abstract shapes - those that have little or no resemblance to natural objects.
Non-objective or biomorphic shapes - seldom have reference to
recognizable objects, but most often show a similarity to some organic forms.
Geometric shapes - these are triangles, rectangles, squares, cylinders,
cubes. Sculpture and architecture are three-dimensional forms, which are
identified either by mass or volume.
Lesson 4: Texture, Methods of Creating Space and Movement
Texture
 refers to the feel or tactile quality of the surface of an object.
Space
 An illusion in the graphic arts. It is created by techniques that add
depth and distance to two-dimensional art.
Methods of Creating Space
Overlapping planes (interposition)
 create space when an object covers a part of another object which is
behind it.
Relative size
 objects that appear large/big indicate nearness and small-sized objects
as distant. Aside from creating the illusion of space, this can also be
interpreted as power and import.
Position on the picture plane (relative height)
 In some paintings, spatial representation is based upon the position of
objects relative to the bottom of the frame.
Foreground - the bottom part.
Middle ground - where the horizon is.
Background - the topmost part.
Linear perspective
  give the perception distance by means of converging lines. Timbre
Aerial perspective (gradient)  is tonal quality or the character of the tone that is produced by an
 the effect of haze, mist or atmosphere on the object. instrument or by the human voice.
Form
Space in sculpture may be viewed in two ways: it may be considered a  is the structure or the framework of a composition.
single solid object or an assemblage of solids that exhibits space; or space Dnamics
may be perceived as it enters into relations with its surroundings －extending  is the loudness and softness of the sound in music indicated by
into it, enveloping it, or relating across it. symbols to regulate the volume of the sound.
Space in architecture is created and defined by the shape, position, and the pp pianissimo - very soft
materials employed by the architect. p piano – soft
mp mezo piano - half soft
Movement ff fortissimo - very loud
 Over the years, artists of the visual arts have manipulated the medium crescendo - gradually becoming louder
and elements in order to portray motion in their artworks. decrescendo - gradually becoming softer

Two ways to present motion or movement in their art Vocal Forms

Actual movement - in art, specifically in sculptures results in kinetic art. Opera
Actual movements may be achieved naturally using wind and water or Cantata
mechanically through some energy source (batteries or electricity). Moro-moro
Implied movement - results when a variety of lines are used together,
repeated, change in position, or decreased/increased in size. This gives the Instrumental Forms
impression of movement in a stationary two dimensional art. Sonata
Symphony
Lesson 5: Elements of Music
Rhythm Elements of Dance
 is a movement or pattern with uniform recurrence of accented and Music
accented beat Movement
Melody Choreography
 is the succession of tones arranged in such a way as to give it a Technique
musical sense. It may also refer to the rising and falling of the tune in Theme
time. Design
Harmony Costume
 is the sounding of a series of groups of tones in the same time. It may
also refer to the pleasing sound that is produced when two or more Lesson 6: Elements of Drama
notes are played together. Drama
  basically one of the genres of literature that is written primarily to be Production Design
performed.  includes the scenery, props, make-up, costumes, lights, music, sound
Exposition and all other special effects used in a theater production.
 is the part that familiarizes the audience with the characters and the
situation they are in. Lesson 8: Elements of Cinema (Motion Picture)
Complication Acting and the Stars
 happens in the middle part of the play which develops the conflict that  is the art of portraying or impersonating a character in the story.
was started in the exposition. Set and Directors
Resolution  should know the setting of the story and build artificial sets.
 also called the anticlimax or the part where conditions in the story are Music and Musical Director
normalized and the situation becomes stable.  Music is indispensable in motion pictures. The musical director is in
charge of selecting, composing new songs, writing orchestration,
Plot preparing background music, creating musical scores and supervising
 is the overall structure of the play. all recording.
Setting Color
 is the locale and period in which the story takes place.  in the movies is an innovation in cinematography.
Characters Make-up, Hair and Costume Design
 are the persons involved in the story.  These people are responsible for applying the specific type of make-
Dialogue up, hairstyle and costume to the actors before they face the camera.
 refers to the words uttered by the characters in the story. Sound, Camera and Special Effects Technicians
Theme  Sound technicians are responsible for making the dialogue clear and
 is what the story means. music of fine quality.

Lesson 7: Elements of Theater Lesson 9: Principles of Art

Theater Art Form
 performed live  refers to how specific elements in the artwork are organized to produce
The Playwright’s a unified whole.
 role is to work out the plot in terms of the actual actions to be Form is further classified into:
performed and dialogue to be spoken by actors within the limited Primary Features - This is how the artwork appears to the viewers.Its
facilities of the stage. physical attributes in terms of medium, color, texture and size.
The Performers Secondary Features - This is how the primary features of the artwork
 are the ones who portray the characters in a play. relate to one another.
The Director Content
 works with the playwright to present which is interpreted and translated  refers to the message the artist wants to convey through his art.
into dramatic action. The levels of content are:
 Factual - is the literal interpretation of the work, its images, attributes,  is the repetition of objects, shapes, lines, or symbols all over the space
actions and poses. or picture plane.
Conventional level - takes into consideration the basic genres and the Proportion
figurative meanings usually indicated by familiar signs and symbols and  is the feeling of unity created when all parts relate well with each other.
the quality of work. Repetition
Subjective level - takes into consideration the effect of form and content  works with patterns to make the work seem active.
on the viewers of the art. Rhythm
Context  is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly
 refers to the various circumstances that influence how a work of art to produce a feeling of organized, continuous, sometimes flowing
was produced and interpreted. movement.
The two types of context are: Variety
Primary context - pertains to the characteristic of the artist, his  is the use of several elements of design that adds interest in order to
personality, beliefs, interests and values. hold the viewer's attention and guide the viewer’s eye through and
Secondary context - pertains to the setting. The historical period, time in around the work of art.
which the work was produced. Unity
 is the feeling of harmony between and among the parts of the work of
Lesson 10: Principles of Design art, which creates a feeling of completeness in the composition.
Balance
 distribution of the visual weight of objects, color, texture and space. Lesson 11: the Rule of Thirds and the Seven Da Vincian Principles
The use of these elements should be balanced to make the viewers
see and feel design as stable. The Rule of Thirds is used by visual artists (painters, digital artists, and
Three types of balance: photographers) to create compositions that meet the requirements for a good
Symmetrical balance - results when the elements used on one side of design.
the design are similar to those on the other side.
Asymmetrical balance - is when the sides of the composition are The Seven Da Vincian Principles
different but still looked balanced.
Radial balance is achieved when the elements are arranged around a Leonardo Da Vinci
central point.  was more than an artist.
Elements  He was an architect, scientist, inventor, anatomist, geologist, historian
 may exhibit similarities as they spread around the central point. and writer.
Emphasis Michael J. Gleb
 is the part of the design that catches the viewer's attention.  Born 1952
Movement
 is the path the viewer's eye takes when looking through the work of art. Seven Principles
Pattern Curiosita
  is approaching life with a heightened level of wonder and continuous
search to know and learn more.
Dimostrazione
 is the commitment to test knowledge and to persist in this task, which
includes experiencing both success and failures in undertaking.
Sensazione
 is experiencing life through refinement of the senses.
Sfumato
 literally translates to “going up in smoke”.
Arte/Scienza
 is finding a balance between art and science or logic and imagination.
Corporalita
 is taking care of one’s body.
Connessione
 is realizing that all things are interconnected. It is discovering patterns
in the way things work and how things and lives work out.