Lecture ?

Fan Extensions

F
Giron C → C find universel c →
p
En

A À
✓
anrf
D VD

all
i. e.
,
for Gg c En

rt ✓
D
there existes a
unique E rt .

ËËË:
C → En c-

If fakhxedlanr.tn existe then all this

, , is
encapsulated
in an
adjonction
Lamp : {¥ Ù K
"
: G H Gok

this
Exorcise Exhihit Ile courût of adjonction .
 Symvehicolly
"
, of K has a right adjoint, we
pay
that we have
right fan extensions :

F
c → En

À ✓
¥rmpF
D
at .
tt qd 7! G → Ranrf

rËï
C → En F

✓
.
D

If we name A as
t
'

,
{ his mans c o d'K =
et

Ne vont to be alle to
compute Mex extension

limites
by mears of Colin its and .
 Hleuristics shatened as it
depending onkonty
~

)
dz F

?(
TT C - E
~>

tn
Yd)
d

RankF FI

(d)=-lim
?^
de
then it also
If such a
famla exists to
applies
->
Elę Set
C
--7 ~7

Uyestsa
Ece
+E?Ka)
,-1F
{
ie Rank (
r

Elę,FIld-
.
^
ș Ele
lem
de
Morreala
,JFH)
SetP ( Rank - Ele lem

(FN))
-5 Ele
,
(El4,FJ1)
Ele Ranf F

,-)
limits
D(4-),
Set
CDCO ECe F preserver
(d))
M
))
,
,
,KJ,
Del of
Rank
Thus a
maphism fron e to
RankF is
equiudent to te data of
,
DCd + which
cor es movide
(d)
maps a
.
,fC)
Ele,Fol,
nofe e

indenced
Cqb
fxçf pairs
over
-dxRc)
ş
aka

Fyd
dI
{
FcFilçe oljeds of PCF :
,9)
IVK
)
1
CauKlad C
i rgh
Y }

at
6)
have
1
Finally
)
we
ka
-ke
candidate TLGG
,
synthesised aer
)-C
!
 Step 1 : ne
pynthesised dlvk and À :(dir → c

Step 2 : we
more Hat I enn FÈ exists it
" ,
is indeed
(for all it )
artght Fan extension .

We look for ç
:
Plana F) ( Ko) →
E

d
bt h : lin / Frit, Et le Hehmitiy une
"

(RompF) d
specialis img to d- -
Kc
,
ne note Hat Est K a %, id : ¥ Ic )
→

Kc
'
and we define Ec =
4¢ ,
ici
, :@ ma F) ( Kc) → Fr6, ici Fc

One then check that it wahr !

Here we have moved for it

"
: DIK → C that
,
,

¥ if lim
(Ftd ) exists for all I
,
then Ramat exists

bmÆ)
'
Rana
§
and Ed =

Eis Complete
But more can be paid
In particular , if
Ranrifalwags exists
.

We Et I Kan
sag Hat right extensions
L :
preserve

1f Krank F) ,
Rann ( Lt ) =
and that a right Kan

extension is
point wipe if it is
preserved by all Ece
,
-

)
Then if lrmcfitd) exists for all d, Rank Fis ai fact

pointmise : indeed , since Ece

,
) preserve limites
-

exists and
bin (Ek, -1Fr) = E (,
e lem / Fr
)) ,
" ~
G) Il [* )
Ran place F) d
) , {
(e) Ranpfd )
 Even mae can be said

!
I a pantnise
Rank F f is
Kan extension
right

,
then
lm FI CI exists ( hence RanpFd lim

-
and
(FAJ
nariation
The
proof is a on our
pynthesis above

:
Rank

(ECęFlld-
S Ele
lim

meaw

,JFH)
Set ( Rank ( Ele lum -9
"
=
Ece

(FTD)
,
Ele Rank Fld
Elę,F1)
,-)
limits
D(d,-),
Set
CDCO ECe F preserves

))
m
))
,
,
,K),
Bef ol
Rank
We replace the right clumn nith Rank (

ElęFIJd-
i

(poituise)
Ele

,RampFCdJl
In othe words the famula RanpFd -hm(FA4)
characterise pointnise right fan extensious
:
CTE Fan extension
Apar admits a pointrobe
tn
ifand only of lm exists for all object d of D
,
(FAd)
and then
Rampfd (
-lem
FAY)
 Dudley , holà the fonda for Lana :

Cann F) de calin # F)

where it : Klvd → C and ⑨ ( KI d) =

{ ( cpf : Reid )}
T'
a. ha Hd
Site
• issues : for these cohmits and limit to exist
,
we heel

Kyd and DUK small ,

which its
quarante d if (O power
D
( is small and is
loally small
g
.

\
• Packaging : We have

qqavariantpcorari
J' antppAeo@LanrFd.rcolimFc
= DCKC, d) .
Fc
~ p
H YÉ
copies of Fc
,
l % 1f olgeet
#A -

fdd
coproduit of
Dually Kampf) D= { Fc
-

product of IDCD, fdp c

Fc
copies of
4 CA ,
#A -
Gold
product of c

µ
power
 D

-ACE
Special case

Then a
functa G is an
be
olject of E and a nat tranf 8: F TF isa cone over

G
.
.
.
Therefore Ran F lem F

-
,
Lan F -- F

colem
,
Chere we refer only to the
poperty universl
of fan etensions

)
For another such example seeadjunctras nect pagel

,
~
Special
triniallyDC F Then
ęia
case and

-id.
RankF F ( E they satisfy
-LangF
40
=
nith
tle
delining universality property There fore
C

,Y-id),
have we
.
Furthermae thore are abolute cand a fation pointrine Kan extensions

.
)
,
EClded
Fo
iRaniqFc Fd
-f
=LamidFd-JCCçd).Fc
I
C
This is called co lemna
-Yoreda
If funthermae E then
Fd
-Set,
=JECG4)-Fo
CCd c
zJCCçdJxFc
Fd
)
,
-fFc
C ñŚFcxCCçdJ
& fet fCCd Fc
= F
CCG
-SFC.
-)
,d),
)
This is called te
density farula
-
Set 4F ( limit of opresentables
F
)
CCd,-),
)
We retreve Yoreda lemma
!
Proposition 3.3.2 The following properties are equivalent, for K : A → C and
R : C → A:

1. R " K, with ! as counit. Kv

ÇÏC alsdutekan extension
n

D N
2. (R, !) is a right Kan extension of id along K that is preserved by all functors.

3. (R, !) is a right Kan extension of id along K that is preserved by K.

Proof. (1) ⇒ (2). Let µ : SK → id . We look for µ! : S → R such that ! ◦ µ! K = µ.

Writing this equality as a string diagram, and plugging the unit η, we see that µ! is
necessarily equal to µR ◦ Sη and that this definition of µ! fits. Let now F : A → A! ,
and let µ : HK → F . We see likewise that µR ◦ Hη is the unique transformation
from H to F R that fits.
(3) ⇒ (1). We apply the assumption that (KR, K!) is a Kan extension, with
id : C → C. This yields a transformation η that satisfies one of the two laws of
adjunction. For the second one, we observe that ν = !R ◦ Rη satisfies the condition
! ◦ νK = ! and hence ν = id by uniqueness.
 Absolut fan extensions

CF-ic-sxktff.ME
D
5
( idemfaahdute
eeltkan extensions )

absoluité Whenever for allo

Ran,r(GF)= Go Rompt
am
Exercise Suppose we have JGE
on or

"
FÉE ' '
M N
Show that
ifRanpffandlanr.lt/G)areaholute ,

N'
'
then M
։,
 Roposition If Fis full and
faithful and
if Ranp is

:
d

l RankFl ),

,
given lythe famula d lem FAt

-
then E is iso
qwe take

-idY
the caunit E can even C

Bool We olserve that the information that K is

-
is
frandf
to
equirolent :
Fc ( is initiol RcUR
in

fñPfäaF
Ig

ad:Fatfl
KC

(d f) ài If
,
Fk
Fg
ie a
maphim Cgidly Col is a
g
pt Fguf

.
.
)
Tlerebore we
CRanF have - JEI

-AmFT
FR(gid)-Fa
te
and
idie
compoent cgid of the
lemitin at care is
)
Ec

Qually if F is full and failhful and if

,
,
lank is the barula
given by
tankFId cdem (
-
FTY
then is iso and can be toben -
y
id.
Cequiralently Ffandf Lank
fank )
.7
,
f f
,
.
-and
 C (

fulland
Thus s pecialining to D and F failhfully

-
I

-Y
CE s Yoreda
cop

!)
YMany = aka CX

set
.
r F
C E CEy dan les
In this have that ellts
x notes de
Métagu
case
we

-
)
Cgf (
,
Xo

:Xc-
Yoreda

ax6
temmna

So we can write
IXLanyF
-lmFHt
C
co) C Şaf
-

Cçxexc

)
=

ŚXcoFc
the other natural functor NF ETE
On
hand we have a

.
.
5
,
NFecECFçej E
Roposition LanjFM
L a ny F
t NF
INF y NERVe
:
C

Roof A maphism CLanyFNxeña co cone Fase

:
2
FCKeXc a
maphipm Fate

i a natural transformation X NFe 17

-s
We note as a
concequence
that Lany F
preserves
colimits
,
,
Pemark The proposition be
shengthened
can as followrs Hhe par
:
CEFE admits a
pantwise left far extension iff NF has

y V a left adjoint
č
.
But there in more to it
!
 We can burther specialise to

C -72 We observe thatNYXc

-ÊLYÇX]ñXC
Hence
y ¿ NY xId
( isonaplic

)
naturally
It follows that LanyY tf Id CandLany Yesanto
m

)
So we have
Lany Id

)
~

This is the len

c
sity formla FXEC

Xx colim Yc every presheaf is a colimit

:
cçxexc of representables
)
a
Xa jxc Yo
ie pontwise
Xd
.
=fc.C(9,)
o lemma
of
-Youeda
.
Definition If C
F D insa pointwire left kan extension
-
"'
colm
(
fd
FdED do ie 4*
.
D
that dense
is
we
say
.F
.

We have shown above that Y in dense

Eocercise Show that F dene N F fulland faithful .

natural
CHint note that transfamation NFd + gets
NFd'
: a

repachoged as a
maphim of cocones over
Fadl l
 Roposition Lbedense
F and full and faithful and

:
.
I

.CTD
puppor we have a
pointwise left fan extension F
CH E
Lan F Then alternative desciption of lankf
I
an
W
.
the followingthe
LanfF
.
is unique functor
E preserving
all colimits of the famp
:DYE
Colim( and
extending F

.
KH9)
5 which esist f
denrityof by

)
Moreover the adjunction
J Lank - KX
restrictsto
equivalence of categories
t
an

Lank E -5
E KF
full pubcategory of ED
:
?
c
^

m of the fanctors presering

those colimits

Rroof Since Kis fall and fa ithful have

we
LankF F

-F,
and Lanp ( KNY LankFd ( Mlankfkay
colim
F
-colim
FAY-colen
=

donsity formula
)
)
Conversely given I we get Fd Elcolim KiJ
,
preservation
-columEFAY)
density
- colim (
FHY-LanpFd.
Fo the last part of the
statement note
we
that starling from F
:
-
LarpCFFld
,
colem
,
Ed FAdJ - CEKHY
)
)
Elcohm
:
denrity EEE def
?
LanR
(EF)-7F
) the counit is iso
.
 Bach to Y when KeY we have the further

:
,
that hence it
econtinuous onfamation Lary F is a
leftadjont preserve

zas

,
all colemits This leads to the
falloningspecialisation
.
and
strengthening of the previous proponition

Proposition Given F it is equivalent to

:CJE,
have F
E
C
NF

->
.EyÊ
YM
aa left adjant to

$ pointwise left Kan extension LanyF

ba
c

caunique functa F presaring all

:DTE
colimits of the form coleme y id and
)
extending F

$ cocontinuous functar
extending F
daunique
proof b
cale and BI hold
by previouszes ults

.
4CC
Ard we have cal xCd xC
).
left adj
)
 kan extension
Tahing left Kan extensions is a
left
Lank Lange
" '
i. e. =
,
K ( K :C -1 D) for pare À F
'

Consider the construction to CÀD Ô

nerve
applied
NIKKI D' → à
) nerf / Ô →Ê
*
We have N (Yor
"
:
:

Boof : NCY ok) ☒ c = Â ( Y ( Ko) ¥) = ☒ (Kof =

€ ") #
¥) c
c- À , Yoneda un

±;D # set
" "

It follow that their left adjoints are

isomorphie pantois

Lana ✗ =
Larry Ho HX CE ☐ ¥ À
C
"
# Set T Exercise died this

¥
>
directly
ftp.fjhyy
,
(similar to the two versions Co
of -
Yoneda)

Note lkïeificalion
"

of the ✗
ok )
pop amour

~ ✗
into the )
c-
abject ✗

[ tearing Y unpliut, this yield

"

N - = -
*
"
.
Asa malter
finds the literature lle
following notation :
of fact , are in

K
! la Lank *
fa NF
K
*
for Rank F
!
fou Lanyf
Ceren if Hey weet orly in the alor situation ) .
]