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Dwnload Full Elementary Technical Mathematics 11th Edition Ewen Solutions Manual PDF
Dwnload Full Elementary Technical Mathematics 11th Edition Ewen Solutions Manual PDF
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Chapter 4: Measurement
4.1: Approximate Numbers and Accuracy 93
4.2: Precision and Greatest Possible Error 93
4.3A: The Vernier Caliper 94
4.3B: The Vernier Caliper 94
4.4A: The Micrometer Caliper 95
4.4B: The Micrometer Caliper 95
4.5: Addition and Subtraction of Measurements 95
4.6: Multiplication and Division of Measurements 96
4.7: Relative Error and Percent of Error 98
4.8: Color Code of Electrical Resistors 100
4.9: Reading Scales 101
Chapter 4 Review 101
Chapter 4 Test 102
Cumulative Review Chapter 1-4 103
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is past, the temperature falls very rapidly, and one sees no more of
these insects.
On February 4 we started to complete the circuit of the lake and
reach Delgi by way of the Zegi peninsula. Our road lay across flat
land, bordered by marshes and full of swamps and quagmires.
Sometimes the marshes stretch a long way into the land, and long
detours had to be made to avoid them. I saw yams for the first time
in Abyssinia growing just above the swampy tracts in this region. We
had to cross three rivers with rocky beds, which were made rougher
and more slippery by loose stones. To add to our difficulties, our
guide twice led us out of the right path, and once to a ford which was
impassable for the donkeys. In this way we lost nearly three hours.
At lunch time we sent the baggage-train on ahead of us. The latter
part of the journey was over a beaten track, and gave us no trouble.
We overtook the baggage animals and their escort just as they
entered the undulating ground which forms the approach to the
peninsula of Zegi. We pitched our camp near the shore of a little bay
of which this promontory was the further boundary.
While we were on the road I received a scribbled note from
Crawley, who told me that one of his soldiers was ill, had lain down
and refused to move. I rode back at his request, and found the
invalid under a tree. He said, “Leave me alone. I want to die.” It was
evident at a glance that he was suffering from ague. The only
remedy which we had at hand was chartreuse. I gave him a big “nip”
of the cordial, and it had an excellent effect upon him. He was able
to ride to the end of the journey, and was none the worse for the
effort. I venture to commend this incident to the consideration of
strict teetotalers.
The village near which we were encamped is that which is marked
as Furje on Stecker’s map. The district affords a curious example of
feudal tenure in Abyssinia. We had quitted Tecla Haimanot’s
dominions, and the land on which our camp stood was under the
control of a certain chief called Fituari[97] Ali, a feudatory of Ras
Mangousha. He dwelt close to the town of Zegi, but had no
jurisdiction within its boundary, though his lordship was valid in a
region extending beyond the town to the Abai.
The chieftain had gone to attend the marriage of Ras
Mangousha’s daughter, and had left his son in authority. So we sent
a messenger with an escort to carry the news of our arrival to this
young Habash with due formality. He brought back an uncivil reply to
the effect that the Fituari’s son was absent, and if we wanted
anything we had better go and find him. This was sent by his
majordomo. While we were waiting for tea to be served, Johannes
reported that the young Habash was approaching, and we saw him
at a little distance attended by a band of followers, some of whom
carried guns. Our interpreter asked what he should say to this
truculent young man, and we bade him explain that we only asked
leave to pass through the land, and should require nothing unless it
were to purchase a little grain for our animals. We always sought to
avoid trouble with the natives, and therefore impressed upon
Johannes that he should show we wished to be friendly, and say we
hoped the Fituari’s son would come and have a drink with us.
Johannes departed with his message, and presently we heard a
great hubbub—many Habashes talking at once at the top of their
high-pitched voices. We wondered what gave rise to so much
excitement. Presently Johannes emerged from the crowd and
approached us slowly. The young man’s answer was that he would
speak with us when he had seen the King’s letter. Now, this permit
and all our credentials had been dispatched on February 1 from
Bahardar Georgis to Ras Mangousha that we might obtain his leave
to travel through his territories beyond the Abai, and we did not
expect our messenger to return until late on the following day.
It was an uncomfortable situation. The Ras’s reply might be
unfavourable. In that case we should be confronted by the necessity
of retracing our steps over the whole of the toilsome journey by the
lake side. We all longed to kick the tiresome coxcomb who was in
our way, and went to dinner in a glum mood.
We were obliged to spend the following day (Feb. 5) in inaction
awaiting the return of our messenger with Ras Mangousha’s answer.
I busied myself with the camera, having every reason to believe that
no photographs of this tract of country had ever been taken.
During the morning we received a visit from the head man of Zegi.
We thought it a favourable sign that he gave us a very pleasant and
courteous welcome. This young man, Hyli by name, was about
nineteen years of age. I learned afterwards that he was studying the
ancient Geez language under the tuition of the priests of Zegi, and
presume that he intended to “go into the Church.” These candidates
for orders are not permitted to smoke or drink strong liquor while
they are in statu pupillari. A similar restriction would scarcely be
popular in our own ancient universities.
Hyli, we found, had a large consignment of coffee to send to the
market at Gallabat. It is his business to collect the dues payable on
this produce before it leaves the village, and the revenue so obtained
is handed to Ras Mangousha. Hyli had now come to request that his
caravan might join ours during the journey through the “rain-
country”—that borderland between Abyssinia and the Soudan,
which, as I have said, is infested by bandits. We had every reason to
win friends where we could, and every wish to please the young
Habash, so we consented willingly. He told us that the coffee was
already at Delgi, and that he had been informed of the date of our
arrival at that village, at Korata and at Woreb, and had been looking
forward to our coming for a month past. In the evening he sent us a
present of flour and fowls.
After this visit, I walked to the township of Zegi. It is surrounded by
a thick hedge of incense-bush, and this forms the boundary between
the Fituari’s jurisdiction and Hyli’s. Zegi very closely resembles
Korata. It consists of groups of tokhuls scattered among small,
square enclosures where the coffee bushes grow apparently
untended. These plantations, with the cottages and churches among
them, cover the whole promontory. I should estimate the population,
when I saw the place, at about three thousand souls.
Dr. Stecker’s account of his visit to the town is brief and
interesting, and I quote it. I saw nothing of the stone dwellings which
he describes, and think they must have been replaced by straw
tokhuls since 1881. He wrote:—
“On June 7 I made a tankoa-journey to the peninsula of Zegi, and
climbed to the highest peak, Tekla Haimanot (2074 metres above
sea-level, according to barometrical measurement), which afforded
extremely important survey-bearings.” The traveller then mentions
his visit to Livlivo, Adina, and the island of Dek, and adds, “The Zegi
peninsula is especially famed for its coffee plantations. Some coffee-
trees are as much as a metre in girth. The coffee is mostly exported
to Metemmeh” (Gallabat), “less goes to Massowah, but it is not
considered so good as that of Korata. Besides coffee the Ensete
banana flourishes here conspicuously, and also the edible species
(Musa Ensete edulis); but, unfortunately, in recent years these
charming plantations have been almost entirely destroyed by a
species of pig called Assama (potamochoerus penicillatus),[98] which
is found here in hundreds. This remarkable animal feeds almost
entirely on the roots of these fine bananas. What struck me here
particularly was the neatness of the tokhuls, which are chiefly of
stone, and in general all villages on Lake Tsana have a much
cleanlier and more pleasant appearance than those inland. There is
no lack of clergy on the Zegi Peninsula: there are here no fewer than
seven churches with twelve hundred priests and defterers.”[99] I am
bound to say that I saw no indication during my brief stay that the
population was deplorably priest-ridden!
I was returning to camp about four o’clock in the afternoon, and
was still at some distance from it when I met a Habash, who made
me understand by signs that our messenger had brought the Ras’s
letter, and as I hastened on I noticed that the news was already
public property. Upon reaching camp I saw our man, grimy and
travel-stained. He and a companion, with one mule to ride, had
covered about a hundred and thirty miles in four days over very
rough country, and they had waited while the Ras attended to our
business; so they had not let the grass grow under their feet. I felt
sorry for the mule. Walda Mariam had had charge of this business.
We had given him one day’s rest at Bahardar Georgis after his return
with Tecla Haimanot’s message, and then dispatched him on this
second journey. It is expected of these runners, when they are in
charge of a missive from the Negus or a great chief, that they shall
not sleep till they have delivered it. The man bowed low, and handed
the Ras’s letters to me in a manner which showed that he now made
me responsible for their custody. I then learned, by the aid of an Arab
interpreter, that the chief’s reply was of the most favourable kind, and
that he had sent mandates to all concerned to give us every
furtherance on our way round the lake. He also inquired very
courteously about our health and our progress, and had sent a
soldier from his own guard as a special escort for the party. The Ras,
moreover, had even furnished us with letters to chiefs through whose
lands we should not pass on the road to Delgi, to be used in case we
wished to turn aside from the way and visit the hinterland of the lake
district. And, best of all, there was a communication addressed to
Fituari Ali’s son, enjoining upon him that he should show us every
civility. Johannes, who had been absent from camp when the
messenger arrived, had returned by the time my companions came
back from an excursion. The despatches were then interpreted to
them in French, and we enjoyed the prospect of our enemy’s
discomfiture. It was resolved that the mandate to him should be
delivered on the following morning. I noticed that the Habashes did
not appear to make common cause with Ali’s son, but seemed
pleased at our success. Among the Ras’s letters was one to Hyli,
which we sent to him immediately, though it was scarcely required in
his case. Zody was the bearer of it.
CHAPTER XI