Week 1

Lesson Title Historical Background of Martial Arts

Learning Outcome(s) To know the historical background of martial arts.
Time Frame 1 to 3 PM MS / 3to 5PM MS

LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to Ponder At SJPIICD, I Matter!
This section provides meaning and definition of the terminologies that
are significant for better understanding of the terms used throughout the
simplified course pack of Deftac1. As you go through the labyrinth of learning,
in case you will confronted the difficulty of the terms refer to the defined terms
for you to have a clear picture of the learning concepts.

Combat is a purposeful violent conflict meant to weaken,

establish dominance over, or kill the opposition, or to drive the opposition away
from a location where it is not wanted or needed.

Martial Arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced

for a number of reasons such as self-defense

ESSENTIAL CONTENT
Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a
number of reasons such as self-defense; military and law
enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental, and spiritual
development; entertainment; and the preservation of a nation's intangible
cultural heritage.
Although the term martial art has become associated with the fighting
arts of East Asia, it originally referred to the combat systems of Europe as early
as the 1550s. The term is derived from Latin and means "arts of Mars",
the Roman god of war. Some authors have argued that fighting arts or fighting
systems would be more appropriate on the basis that many martial arts were
never "martial" in the sense of being used or created by professional warriors.
Although the earliest evidence of martial arts goes back millennia, the true
roots are difficult to reconstruct. Inherent patterns of human aggression which
inspire practice of mock combat (in particular wrestling) and optimization of
serious close combat as cultural universals are doubtlessly inherited from
the pre-human stage and were made into an "art" from the earliest
emergence of that concept. Indeed, many universals of martial art are fixed by
the specifics of human physiology and not dependent on a specific tradition or
era.

IN CHINA
In the middle ages ,In the Tang Dynasty, descriptions of sword
dances were immortalized in poems by Li Bai and Du Fu. In the Song and
Yuan dynasties, xiangpu (the earliest form of sumo) contests were sponsored
by the imperial courts. With regards to the Shaolin fighting system, the oldest
evidence of Shaolin participation in combat is a stele from 728 CE that attests
to two occasions: a defense of the Shaolin Monastery from bandits around 610
CE, and their subsequent role in the defeat of Wang Shichong at the Battle of
Hulao in 621 CE. From the 8th to the 15th centuries, there are no extant
documents that provide evidence of Shaolin participation in combat.
The modern concepts of wushu emerge by the late Ming to early Qing
dynasties (16th to 17th centuries). Between the 16th and 17th centuries there
are at least forty extant sources which provided evidence that, not only did
monks of Shaolin practice martial arts, but martial practice had become such
an integral element of Shaolin monastic life that the monks felt the need to
justify it by creating new Buddhist lore.

IN JAPAN
Martial arts in Japan date back in history to medieval times when they
were first born of a need to prepare for combat and protection : it was mainly
practiced by the Samurai class. It was a period of fighting, struggling and war.
A samurai was gifted with this art, as it could save him from enemy attack. The
world “Martial” means fighting : it was really a fighting skill rather than a
recreational sport during that period, it helped people protect themselves in
case of c ombative attack. It can not be denied that, Japanese Martial Art was a
powerful weapon for common people in medieval Japan.

Most of the martial arts were imported from China and they were
gradually modified by the Japanese until more arts were developed: archery
and sword-fighting are the main two arts and some of them became rituals in
Zen Buddhism. Japanese Martial Arts differ from its Chinese counterpart in
style. Japanese Martial Arts involves straight-line attacks, whereas Chinese
techniques are more circular. The martial arts of Japan have a wide range
starting from empty hand-to-hand techniques, to fighting with several
weapons.
Japanese arts can be categorized generally in to 5
different arts of fighting: Karate, Aikido, Juijutsu, Judo, and Kendo.

At SJPIICD, I Matter!
LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to Ponder

This section provides meaning and definition of the terminologies that

are significant for better understanding of the terms used throughout the
simplified course pack of Deftac1. As you go through the labyrinth of learning,
in case you will confronted the difficulty of the terms refer to the defined terms
for you to have a clear picture of the learning concepts.

Taekwondo is an unarmed martial arts that has been existed for more
than 2,000 year ago.

Self-defense is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and

well-being of oneself form harm.

Essential Content

What is Taekwondo?
Taekwondo (also known as Tae Kwon Do) is the art of self defense that is
originated in Korea. It is recognized as one of the oldest forms of martial arts in
the world, reaching back over 2,000 years. The name was selected for its
appropriate description of the art: Tae (foot), Kwon (hand), Do (art).

History of Taekwondo

One of the earliest clues of Taekwondo existence is a mural painted on

the wall of the tomb that was built in the Korean Kingdom of Koguryo, between
37 BC and 66 AD. The advancement of Taekwondo and its techniques
developed. There are examples and history of training in

Virtually all the records of the different kingdoms that existed within the
country throughout the centuries.

The highest form of the ancient art was achieved in the kingdom of Silla.
This tiny kingdom constantly faced attacks and opposition from larger and
stronger areas. As a result the ruler of the kingdom, King Jin Heung,
established an elite group of warrior called the “Hwarang” or “Flower of Youth”.

The Hwarang consisted of the sons of nobles within the kingdom. They
were actually selected and formally trained in all aspects of military skills
including unarmed combat, which at the time was known as Tae Kyon. It is
 significant that the Hwarang were taught not only the importance of developing
their bodies, but their minds and spirits as well.

In addition to fighting techniques, the young warriors were instructed in

history, poetry, and philosophy. The entire body of study was known as
Hwarang Do. The Hwarang gained skills not only for battle, but for daily life.

This relates directly to modern Taekwondo training, whichp provides self-

defense skills as well as improved character, self-discipline, and confidence
that can be applied to any task.

Following the Silla dynasty came the Koryo dynasty (935 AD-1352 AD)
form which Korea takes its name. Martial arts practice, known as Subak Do,
became popular as an organized sports with detailed rules. The
Royal family sponsored competitions and demonstrations, and martial arts
became deeply rooted in Korean Culture.

Significance and Benefits of Taekwondo

TAE- means the way of the foot.

KWON- the way of the hand or fist.
DO- the way or art.

First, Taekwondo is the right way of using Tae and Kwon ‘fists and feet.
Second, it is the way to control or calm down fight s and keep the peace. This
concepts comes from the meaning of Tae Kwon ‘to put fists under control ‘ [ or
‘to step on fists]. Thus Taekwondo means “the right way of suing all parts of
the body to stop fighting and help to build a better and more peaceful world.

Taekwondo is systematic, educational and has a scientific approach. It is

taught through curriculum. It is characterized by unity; the unity of the body,
mind, and life and the unity of the pose [“poomsae”] and the confrontation, and
the cracking down.

Benefits of Martial Arts

1. Enhance Self-esteem
2. Build Confidence
3. Develop discipline
4. Teach Self-defense
By heightening your physical and
Mental powers.
By encouraging you to succeed and to
Take control of your life.
By thoroughly training your body and
mind in the tenets and techniques of
Taekwondo.
By training you to recognize situations in
which physical self-defence may be
 necessary, and teaching you how to control
Such situations to your advantage.
5. Strengthen your mind Through increased physical coordination
and body And mental discipline.

Week 3
Lesson Title Basic Terminologies and courtesy
Know the terminologies and the technique in tying of belt that
Learning Outcome(s)
are used in Taekwondo
Time Frame 1 to 3 PM MS / 3to 5PM MS

At SJPIICD, I Matter!
LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to Ponder

This section provides meaning and definition of the terminologies that are
significant for better understanding of the terms used throughout the simplified
course pack of Deftac1. as you go through the labyrinth of learning, in case you
will confronted the difficulty of the terms refer to the defined terms for you to
have a clear picture of the learning concepts.

Belt is the basis of the rank of the student in Taekwondo. It signifies the
seniority of the student in the gym.
Stance is the basic form of martial arts. It is used in preparation in
kicking and punching.
Punch is the way of the hand to execute in hitting an object or a person.
Kick is the movement of the feet in hitting the target area.
Etiquette is a code of behavior that delineates expectations for social
actions, according to contemporary conventional norms within a society, social
class, or group.

Essential Content

Table shows the Korean Term to English Term counting numbers, body
parts, stances, punching, kicking, and other terms commonly used in
taekwondo . These will help in familiarizing the taekwondo terminologies.

COUNTING NUMBERS
HANAH ONE
DOOL TWO
SET THREE
NET FOUR
DASOT FIVE
YASOT SIX
ILGOP SEVEN
YADOL EIGHT
AHOP NINE
YOOL TEN

BODY PARTS
MOM BODY
KWANJEOL JOINT
ULGOOL FACE
MUH REE HEAD
NOON EYE
GUI EAR
KO NOSE
IN JOONG PHILTRUM
EEP MOUTH
TUHK CHIN
MOKOOMEONG THROAT
MOK NECK
OUKA SHOULDER
MYUNG CHI SOLAR PLEXUS
PAHL ARM
PAHLKUP ELBOW
PAHLMAHK FOREARM

TENETS OF TAEKWONDO
YE UI COURTESY
YOM CHI INTEGRITY
IN NAE PERSEVERANCE
KUK GI SELF CONTROL
BAEKJOOL INDOMITABLE SPIRIT

MOVEMENTS
MOM ONGIGI MOVEMENT OF THE BODY
MAHKI BLOCK
CHAGI KICK
CHIRUGI PUNCH
CHIGI STRIKE (WITH THE HAND)
JEEK GI STRIKE (WITH THE FOOT)
BAHKAT PALMAHK MAHKI OUTER FOREARM BLOCK
AHN PALMAHK MAHKI INNER FOREARM BLOCK
AHNURO MAHKI INWARD BLOCK
BAHKURO MAHKI OUTWARD BLOCK
AHRAE MAHKI LOW BLOCK
CHO KYO MAHKI RISNING BLOCK
CHA OLLIGI STRETCHING KICK
AHP CHAGI FRONT KICK
YUP CHAGI SIDE KICK
DOLRYA CHAGI ROUNDHOUSE KICK
NEHRYUH JEEK GI AXE KICK
SOHGI STANCE
AHNJUN SOHGI SITTING STANCE
AHP SOHGI FRONT STANCE
DWI SOHGI BACK STANCE
KYUROGI SPARRING
SHI GAN TIME OUT
KYONG GO WARNING
GAM JEUM DEDUCTION OF POINT
CHUNG BLUE
HONG RED
DHEE BELT
DOBOK UNIFORM
CHA RYUT ATTENTION
CHOON BI READY

How to Tie a Belt?

STEP 1: Start with both ends of the belt the same length.
STEP 2: Choose one side (it doesn’t matter which) and cross it in front of the
other.
STEP 3: Fold that and up behind BOTH layers of the belt and pull it tight.
STEP 4: Then fold it across your stomach.
STEP 5: Fold the other end IN FRONT of the first end, then down BEHIND it.
STEP 6: Pull both ends firmly TO THE SIDES. The belt ends should hang down
diagonally.

Etiquette and Bowing

Etiquette plays a significant role in Martial Arts training regardless of

style. All martial arts students will encounter and adhere to some form of
etiquette whether they practice Taekwondo, Karate, Chinese Kung Fu, Aikido,
Judo, or one of the many other styles of martial arts.
 Martial arts etiquette is a prescribed set of standards for a person’s
conduct and attitude toward themselves and others. Etiquette in the Do Jang
ensures a positive and safe environment that is necessary to accompany the
physical aspects of Taekwondo training.

Bowing

Bowing is a strong tradition in the martial arts. It is a sign of respect and

humility. The martial artist bows towards the flags before entering and leaving
the training area, as well as before and after practice with a partner. The Asian
custom of bowing is comparable to the western handshake.

How to bow properly:

1. Stand with your feet together and hands at your sides of your legs.
2. Bend over at the waist 30-45 degrees while keeping your back straight.
3. It is Korean tradition not to look up at the person to whom you are
bowing – this implies a lack of trust.
4. A lower belt should wait for the senior belt to straighten first.

Handshaking

The bow is the traditional Korean greeting, although it is often

accompanied by a handshake. To show respect when bowing and shaking
hands, support your right forearm with the back of your left hand under your
elbow. Junior students should always wait for the senior to extend his/her
hand first.

Uniform- Dobok and Personal Appearance

Your Taekwondo uniform is called traditionally Dobok, and it is an

important part of your Taekwondo experience because not only represents your
art, it also represents your school, your teacher, your rank, and years of history
and tradition. Do means “way” and Bok “clothing”. A traditional Taekwondo
uniform is white in color, but a black stripe around the V-neck of the shirt is
used by Black Belts and Poom Belts in some schools.
 Week 4
Lesson Title Basic Stances
Learning Outcome(s) Know and learn the stances and exercises used in taekwondo.
Time Frame 1 to 3 PM MS / 3to 5PM MS

At SJPIICD, I Matter!
LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to Ponder
This section provides meaning and definition of the terminologies that are
significant for better understanding of the terms used throughout the simplified
course pack of Deftac1. as you go through the labyrinth of learning, in case you
will confronted the difficulty of the terms refer to the defined terms for you to
have a clear picture of the learning concepts.

Stance is the basic form of martial arts. It is used in preparation in

kicking and punching.

Essential Content

What is stances?

Taekwondo stances help you to maintain balance and generate

Power during your kicks and strikes. In addition, if you want to master your
forms (and Taekwondo in general), you need to have perfect Taekwondo stances
(i.e. back stances and front stances).

There are 5 types of taekwondo stances

1. Ready Stance (Joon Bi Stance) – You will use this Taekwondo stance to
start your forms and many of your stretching/training routines.

 The ready stance is performed by standing with your feet one shoulder
length apart.
 Your head & body should be facing forward.
 Your arms should hang down and be slightly bent with your hands
formed as fists.
 Your fists should be down around belt level and they should be a fist-size
away from your body.
2. Front Stance – This is an offensive Taekwondo stance.

 You need to take a long step forward with your front foot.
 The “length” between your two feet should be two shoulder widths apart.
 The “width” between your two feet should be one to one & a half shoulder
widths apart
 Your front leg should be bent sharply forward (like taking a large lunge
forward). Most of your weight will be on your front leg. FYI – Your front foot
will face forward.
 Your rear leg should be straight.
 Your rear foot will face to the side at a 45 degree angle
 Your body will face forward towards your opponent. Try to keep your body
straight and upright.
3. Back Stance – This is generally a defensive Taekwondo stance.

 Your feet should be in a L-shape (your front foot points forward and your
back foot points 90 degrees to the side).
 The “length” between your two feet is about two shoulder widths apart.
 The “width” between your two feet is minimally as your legs should almost
be in a single line facing towards your opponent.
 You will place most of your weight on your back leg. Your rear knee will
be partially bent.
 Your body will be facing to the side and thus you are offering a smaller
target to your opponent in the front.
 Your head will face forward towards your opponent.

4. Horse-Riding Stance – This stance is used mainly in forms such as the

ending portion of Taekwondo Form 7 (Taegeuk Chil Jang). This Taekwondo
stance is not used frequently in sparring and/or fighting. It is used often for
practicing punches and building endurance (as your legs will ache in this
stance after a while).

 Stand with your feet two shoulder lengths apart.

 Your knees should be bent… almost to a 45 degree angle. You will look
like you are riding a horse as you will be “bow legged”
 Your feet should be facing forward towards the target.
 Your body & head will face towards the target.
 Keep your back straight.
 Place your fists on your belt.
5. Fighting Stance – This Taekwondo stance is used for sparring/fighting and
not in forms.

 This is a modified front stance with fists in a guarding position.

 Your lead fist should should be head high – ready to block or jab.

 Your rear fist should be neck/chin high – ready to block or throw a

powerful punch.

 Your body should be faced to the side – so you present a smaller target to
the opponent in the front.

 Your head will face forward towards the opponent.

 Your feet should be placed in a modified front stance. The distance of

your stance will be roughly half way between a walking stance and a front
stance.

 Your weight should be equally divided between your two feet/legs (don’t
favor one leg). Balance on the balls of your feet – don’t be on your heels as
this slows you down.
 Generally, your front foot will be at 30-50 degrees and the rear foot at 50-
70 degrees. However, don’t worry about degrees and angles. Pick a foot
position that is comfortable/natural for you and that you can use to quickly
react to or initiate an attack.
 Week 5
Lesson Title Basic Punching and Kicking
Learn how punch and kick can help in the formation of
Learning Outcome(s)
taekwondo.
Time Frame 1 to 3 PM MS / 3to 5PM MS

LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to PonderAt SJPIICD, I Matter!
This section provides meaning and definition of the terminologies that are
significant for better understanding of the terms used throughout the simplified
course pack of Deftac1. as you go through the labyrinth of learning, in case you
will confronted the difficulty of the terms refer to the defined terms for you to
have a clear picture of the learning concepts.

Punch are designated as being low, middle or high depending on where

they are aimed.

Kick is to hit someone or something with the foot, or to move the feet and
legs suddenly and violently.

Target is an object shot at during shooting practice, often a circle with a

pattern of rings, or any object or place are aimed.

Essential Content

What is Punch?
There are a number of different punches in taekwondo, but they all share
the same basic technique. The Korean word for punch is Jireugi.

Punches are designated as being low, middle, or high depending on where

they are aimed.

 Lower Punch (arae jireugi) - this is aimed at the opponent’s navel.

 Middle Punch (momtong jireugi) - aimed at the opponent’s solar plexus.
 Upper Punch (olgul jireugi) - this is aimed at the opponent’s face
 All punches share a common hand technique. The hand is balled into a
fist with the thumb on the outside. The intent is to hit the first to largest
knuckles of the fist. The wrist should be straight at the moment of impact; for
example imagine a straight line extending through the middle knuckle all the
way down through your forearm. The fist should move in a straight line towards
its target.

The fist is rotated during the movement, so that the moment of impact it
“snaps” into place with the palm of the fist facing downward: this usually
implies that the fist was initially chambered with the palm of the fist facing
upward.

What is Kick?

Kick is to hit someone or something with the foot, or to move the feet and
legs suddenly and violently.
When it comes to kicks, Taekwondo has the widest variety of kicking techniques
among all martial arts. This is due to the fact that kicks are the main focus of
Taekwondo. All kicks are finished with the word “chagi” which means “kick” in
Korean Language.

1. Roundhouse kick (Dollyo Chagi) - this kick is the bread and butter of every
martial art using kicks in its arsenal. It is one of the most powerful kicks
adopted in kickboxing and MMA.

Dollyo Chagi has two variations depending on the context of use:

 In Olympic Taekwondo where point scoring is the main goal Dollyo Chagi
is thrown as a snap kick, relying on speed and explosives more than power to
score a point. The kick lands with the insteps of the foot to gain longer reach.
 Before turning the hips, taekwondo practitioner lifts the knee without
revealing which kick is going to be thrown to avoid telegraphing. After hitting
the target, the practitioner has to pull the foot back so the opponent can’t catch
it.

 In self-defense Taekwondo there is more emphasis on power, therefore the

practitioner has to engage the hips fully and land the strike with the shin to
inflict more damage on the target.

The kick has to be in full momentum as if it is going to drive through the

target in order to cause great damage. Dollyo chagi can cause head concussion
if it hits the head in full force without being blocked. Sometimes knockouts
occur even if the kick is blocked. Many, martial artists compare this kick to
getting hit by a baseball bat.

2. 45 Degree Kick (Bandal Chagi) - this kick is exclusive to taekwondo. It has

the same execution as a Dollyo chagi (Roundhouse kick) except that a Dollyo
Chagi requires the heel to pivot 180 ◦ until it faces the opponent while Bandal
Chagi requires the heel to pivot only around 90 to 100 degrees.

Since the hips are not fully turned, the mechanism of the kick does not
allow it to be aimed at higher targets. Bandal Chagi targets usually the
midsection with the intention of scoring a very fast point and getting away with
it.
It is also used as a setting kick to the body to distract the opponent and follow
up with another significant strike.
3. Axe Kick (Naeryo Chagi)- the axe kick requires a great amount of flexibility
in order to be executed correctly. The leg has to travel vertically upwards until it
reaches its highest point then slam it down hard onto target.

It is used to target the head from above of the clavicle through the
opponent’s guard. The clavicle is one of the most sensitive and most broken
bones in fights. The kick has to land with the heel which is a very solid and
dense bone in the human body.
4. Crescent Kick - the variation of Naeryo chagi/axe kick is executed with the
same mechanisms except that the crescent kick follows a crescent path as its
name suggests.

There are two types or variations of the crescent kick:

 Outward Crescent Kick - the motion of the kick has to be from inside to the
outside, following a circular path.
 Inward Crescent Kick - the motion of the kick has to be from outside to the
inside, following a circular path.