Name 24/01/24

Organic 3 – Alkanes & alkenes

1) Liquid paraffin, which is a mixture of alkanes, is decomposed into products
which include ethene. This process can be carried out in the apparatus shown.
a) Name the products for the complete combustion of propane.
b) Give the chemical reaction of the complete combustion of propane
c) What dangerous compound would be formed during the incomplete
combustion of propane or propene?
d) Explain why this substance is dangerous.

3) The alkenes are a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

a) What is a homologous series?
b) What is meant by the phrase unsaturated hydrocarbons?
c) Propene is an alkene.
i) Write its molecular formula.
ii) Draw its structural formula.
d) There are three alkenes with the formula C4H8.
a) What is the purpose of the pieces of porous pot (or aluminium oxide)? i) What name is given to molecules with the same molecular formula
but different structural formulas?
b) What is the name given to this example of thermal decomposition? ii) Draw the alkenes with this formula.
c) Explain why changing alkanes into simpler alkanes and alkenes is important
in the petrochemical industry.
4) The compound C5H12 has three isomers
a) Draw the structure of these three isomers
2) Read the statements about propane and propene, and then answer the b) The table shows their boiling points, Match these to your drawings. Explain
questions that follow. the pattern you observe within these boiling points
C5H12
Propane is an alkane that has the formula C3H8. It is a saturated Straight chain 36°C
hydrocarbon. 1 branch 28 °C
Propene is an alkene that has the formula C 3H6. It is an unsaturated 2 branch 9.5 °C
hydrocarbon. 5) Propene reacts with hydrogen to form propane
Propane and propene are oxidised when burnt in air. Both reactions are a) What is this type of reaction called?
exothermic. b) Write the equation for this reaction
c) Write the equation for its reaction with bromine.
 replaces the oxygen in the red blood cells with carbon monoxide. This can lead to serious
Name 24/01/24 tissue damage or even death

Organic 3 – Alkanes & alkenes
1) Liquid paraffin, which is a mixture of alkanes, is decomposed into products
which include ethene. This process can be carried out in the apparatus shown.
a) What is the purpose of the pieces of porous pot (or aluminium oxide)? Catalyst
b) What is the name given to this example of thermal decomposition? Catalytic
cracking
c) Explain why changing alkanes into simpler alkanes and alkenes is important
in the petrochemical industry.
Smaller hydrocarbons are more useful as fuels than larger hydrocarbons. Since
cracking converts larger hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons, the supply
of fuels is improved.
Also alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. Alkenes can take part in reactions that
alkanes cannot. For example, ethene molecules can react together to form
poly(ethene), a polymer. And ethanol is manufactured by reacting ethene with
steam.
3) The alkenes are a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
a) What is a homologous series?
 The members of the homologous series have the same functional group.
 Members have the same general formula.
 Members have the almost same chemical properties.
 Members have a common general method of preparation.
b) What is meant by the phrase unsaturated hydrocarbons? Alkenes have a
C=C bond which makes them highly reactive
c) Propene is an alkene.
i) Write its molecular formula. C3H8
ii) Draw its structural formula. CH3-CH=CH2
d) There are three alkenes with the formula C4H8.
i) What name is given to molecules with the same molecular formula
but different structural formulas? Isomers
ii) Draw the alkenes with this formula.

2) Read the statements about propane and propene, and then answer the
questions that follow.
Propane is an alkane that has the formula C3H8. It is a saturated
hydrocarbon.
Propene is an alkene that has the formula C 3H6. It is an unsaturated
hydrocarbon.
Propane and propene are oxidised when burnt in air. Both reactions are 4) The compound C5H12 has three isomers
exothermic. c) Draw the structure of these three isomers
d) The table shows their boiling points, Match these to your drawings. Explain
the pattern you observe within these boiling points
C5H12
a) Name the products for the complete combustion of propane. CO2 + H2O Straight chain 36°C
b) Give the chemical reaction of the complete combustion of propane 1 branch 28 °C
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l) + Heat. 2 branch 9.5 °C
c) What dangerous compound would be formed during the incomplete
combustion of propane or propene? CO carbon monoxide gas
d) Explain why this substance is dangerous.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas, poisoning occurs when carbon
monoxide builds up in the blood. When too much carbon monoxide is in the air, the body
Chain isomers have similar chemical properties but different physical
properties because more branched isomers have weaker Van der Waals
and therefore lower boiling points.

5) Propene reacts with hydrogen to form propane

d) What is this type of reaction called? Addition reaction
e) Write the equation for this reaction

f) Write the equation for its reaction with bromine.