Lab 5 – Human Cardiac Information Questions

These questions will help prepare you for Module quiz. Then turn it in through the Submit-It link as a
scored Assignment.

1. The liquid portion of blood is called _____________________.

2. What are the 3 main functions of blood?

3. Where are the elements in blood formed?

4. What are the 3 categories of formed elements in blood?

5. What is the primary role of RBCs?

6. What portion of the red blood cell binds to oxygen?

7. An average adult has a total volume of blood of _____________ liters.

8. Water makes up what percentage of plasma?

9. What are the functions of the water in plasma?

10. What does “bulk flow” mean?

11. Why is there such extensive branching of the vessels in the cardiovascular system?

12. All cells must lie within a short distance from what type of vessel?

13. Why that vessel?

14. Is blood flow through all organs an active or passive process? Why?

15. Which pressure is higher, arterial or venous? Why?

16. In a resting individual, how much blood at that time is in the capillaries?

17. What is the responsibility for the capillary volume?

18. Blood leaves the heart through what vessels and returns to the heart through what vessels?

19. What are the two closed loop systems that both originate and return to the heart?

20. What comprises the pulmonary circulation?

21. What comprises systemic circulation?

22. In the systemic circuit, blood is ejected out of the ______ ventricle via a single large artery,
____________.

23. Arteries branch into smaller vessels called __________ which then branch into ___________.

24. Blood starts its journey back to the heart through what vessels?

25. How many miles of capillaries are in an adult?

26. Describe the length and structure of a capillary.

27. Why does the capillary have such a minimal wall thickness?

28. What are the two major veins that feed into the heart?

29. What cells can leave the blood through what vessels? Where do those cells go?

30. What is Starling’s Law of the Heart?

31. Why are the presence of valves in the veins so important?

32. What is the vessel that takes blood in the pulmonary circulation away from the heart?

33. As blood flows through the lung capillaries, what happens?

34. Describe the flow of blood through the heart.

35. What controls the precise coordination of the heart contraction?

36. What are the five requirements for normal heart function?

Answers:

1. The liquid portion of blood is called plasma.

2. The 3 main functions of blood are transportation of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste
products, and immune defense.

3. The elements in blood are formed in the bone marrow.

4. The 3 categories of formed elements in blood are red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells
(WBCs), and platelets.
5. The primary role of RBCs is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.

6. The portion of the red blood cell that binds to oxygen is called hemoglobin.

7. An average adult has a total volume of blood of approximately 4-6 liters.

8. Water makes up about 90% of plasma.

9. The functions of water in plasma include transporting nutrients, regulating temperature,

and maintaining blood pressure.

10. Bulk flow refers to the movement of fluids and solutes in response to pressure differences
within a closed system.

11. There is extensive branching of vessels in the cardiovascular system to facilitate the
distribution of blood to all parts of the body.

12. All cells must lie within a short distance from capillaries.

13. Capillaries are necessary because they allow for exchange of nutrients and gases between
the blood and surrounding tissues.

14. Blood flow through all organs is an active process because it is driven by the pumping action
of the heart.

15. Arterial pressure is higher than venous pressure because arteries carry blood away from the
heart, and the heart's pumping action generates higher pressure.

16. In a resting individual, about 5% of the total blood volume is in the capillaries.

17. The responsibility for capillary volume lies in regulating the distribution of blood flow to
different tissues and organs.
18. Blood leaves the heart through arteries and returns to the heart through veins.

19. The two closed-loop systems that both originate and return to the heart are the pulmonary
circulation and systemic circulation.

20. The pulmonary circulation comprises the blood vessels that carry blood between the heart
and the lungs.

21. The systemic circulation comprises the blood vessels that carry blood between the heart
and the rest of the body.

22. In the systemic circuit, blood is ejected out of the left ventricle via a single large artery, the
aorta.

23. Arteries branch into smaller vessels called arterioles, which then branch into capillaries.

24. Blood starts its journey back to the heart through venules.

25. An adult has approximately 60,000 miles of capillaries.

26. Capillaries are very thin-walled vessels, typically one cell layer thick, designed for efficient
exchange of substances between blood and tissues.

27. Capillaries have minimal wall thickness to facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and
waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

28. The two major veins that feed into the heart are the superior vena cava and inferior vena
cava.

29. White blood cells (WBCs) can leave the blood through diapedesis and migrate to tissues to
participate in immune responses.

30. Starling's Law of the Heart states that the more the cardiac muscle is stretched during filling,
the greater the force of contraction and the more blood is pumped into the circulation.
31. Valves in the veins are important because they prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring that
it flows toward the heart.

32. The vessel that takes blood in the pulmonary circulation away from the heart is the
pulmonary artery.

33. As blood flows through the lung capillaries, oxygen is loaded onto hemoglobin in red blood
cells, and carbon dioxide is unloaded from hemoglobin into the alveoli for exhalation.

34. The flow of blood through the heart follows the path: right atrium → right ventricle →
pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta.

35. The precise coordination of heart contraction is controlled by the cardiac conduction
system, including the sinoatrial (SA) node and atrioventricular (AV) node.

36. The five requirements for normal heart function are adequate blood supply, electrical
signals, efficient pumping, appropriate filling of chambers, and coordinated contraction and
relaxation.