Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dwnload Full Meteorology Today An Introduction To Weather Climate and The Environment 2nd Edition Ahrens Test Bank PDF
Dwnload Full Meteorology Today An Introduction To Weather Climate and The Environment 2nd Edition Ahrens Test Bank PDF
https://testbankfan.com/download/meteorology-today-an-introduction-to-weather-clim
ate-and-the-environment-2nd-edition-ahrens-test-bank/
chapter 2
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Two objects have the same temperature. Object A feels colder to the touch than object B. Which of the following
properties may explain this difference between the two objects?
a. latent heat
b. thermal conductivity
c. specific heat
d. density
2. Which of the following regions of the spectrum represent the Earth’s atmospheric window?
a. infrared region
b. polar regions
c. visible region
d. ultraviolet region
3. Which of the following terms refers to the change of state of ice into water vapour?
a. sublimation
b. condensation
c. crystallization
d. melting
4. Which of the following statements describes what would happen if the amount of energy lost each year by the Earth to
space were not approximately equal to that received?
a. The sun’s output would change.
b. The length of the year would change.
c. The atmosphere’s average temperature would change.
d. The mass of the atmosphere would change.
5. Which of the following percentages represents the approximate combined albedo of the Earth and the atmosphere?
a. 50%
b. 30%
c. 10%
d. 4%
6. Which of the following terms refers to the amount of heat energy required to bring about a small change in
temperature?
a. radiative equilibrium
b. dead heat
c. latent heat
d. specific heat
chapter 2
d. hot
8. As air in the figure below moves from A to B, what will happen to its volume?
a. It will increase.
b. It will decrease.
c. It will decrease at first, and then increase.
d. It will remain the same.
9. Which of the following terms refers to the luminous surface of the sun?
a. corona
b. photosphere
c. chromosphere
d. thermosphere
10. At which of the following temperatures does the Earth radiate energy at the greatest rate or intensity?
a. –40°C
b. 32°C
c. 60°C
d. 105°C
11. The albedo of the Earth’s surface is about 4 percent, yet the combined albedo of the Earth and the atmosphere is about
30 percent. Which of the following conditions BEST explains why this is the case?
a. low albedo of clouds, low albedo of water
b. high albedo of clouds, low albedo of water
c. low albedo of clouds, high albedo of water
d. high albedo of clouds, high albedo of water
12. Which of the following terms refers to the change of state of water from a liquid to a vapour?
a. condensation
b. evaporation
c. freezing
d. sublimation
13. As you walk across a sandy beach on a summer day, the bottoms of your feet become extremely hot. This is an
example of which type of heat transfer?
a. radiation
b. ultrasonic
c. conduction
d. convection
chapter 2
14. Of the following measurements, which is the longest?
a. 3000 micrometres
b. 25 mm
c. 2 cm
d. 10-3 m
15. In which of the following forms is most of the radiation emitted by the human body?
a. visible radiation, but too weak to be visible
b. invisible ultraviolet radiation
c. invisible gamma radiation
d. invisible infrared radiation
16. Why does an air parcel become cooler as it rises and expands?
a. The air pressure around the parcel increases as it rises.
b. As molecules push outward to expand the parcel the parcel loses energy.
c. Water vapour in the parcel evaporates as it rises.
d. The density of the air parcel decreases as it rises.
17. Which of the following processes occurs when rising air cools?
a. compression
b. condensation
c. evaporation
d. expansion
19. City A is located on the shoreline of a large body of water. City B is located 100 km inland from the same body of
water. In this scenario, which of the following statements is the most likely?
a. City A will have warmer temperatures in summer.
b. City B will have colder temperatures in winter.
c. The two cities will have similar temperatures only in summer.
d. The two cities will have similar temperatures in both summer and winter.
20. Which of the following statements explains why low clouds slow surface cooling at night better than clear skies do?
a. Clouds start convection currents among them.
b. Water droplets in the clouds reflect infrared energy back to the Earth.
c. Clouds absorb and radiate infrared energy back to the Earth.
d. Clouds conduct heat better than clear night air does.
21. Suppose you are outside wearing a winter coat in very cold temperature, and the coat keeps you quite warm. Which of
June 4—The House passed the bill—yeas 81, nays 28. The Nays
were:
Messrs. James C. Allen, Bliss, James S. Brown, Cox, Edgerton,
Eldridge, Finck, Grider, Harding, Harrington, Chas. M. Harris,
Herrick, Holman, Hutchins, Le Blond, Long, Mallory, Marcy,
McDowell, Morrison, Noble, Pendleton, Perry, Pruyn, Ross,
Wadsworth, Chilton A. White, Joseph W. White—28.
June 17—The Senate passed the bill—yeas 22, nays 5, (Messrs.
Buckalew, Hendricks, McDougall, Powell, Richardson.)
Second Session, Thirty-Seventh Congress.
RECEIPTS.
Total $457,855,704
00
Total debt up to December 31, 1862 556,105,100
00
Estimated amount at that date necessary to support the 357,929,229
Government to July, 1868, was 00
Up to December 31, 1862, the issues of the Treasury were:
Notes $440,678,510 00
Redeemed 30,193,479 50
Outstanding $410,485,030 50
Total $601,522,893 12
EXPENDITURES DURING THAT TIME.
Total $796,264,403 00
Total $973,277,363 50
Confederate Taxes.
A bill to provide supplies for the army, and to prescribe the mode
of making impressments.
Sec. 1. The Congress of the Confederate States of America do
enact, Every person required to pay a tax in kind, under the
provisions of the “Act to lay taxes for the common defense and carry
on the Government of the Confederate States,” approved April 24,
1863, and the act amendatory thereof, approved February 17, 1864,
shall, in addition to the one tenth required by said acts to be paid as a
tax in kind, deliver to the Confederate Government, of the products
of the present year and of the year 1865, one other tenth of the
several products taxed in kind by the acts aforesaid, which additional
one tenth shall be ascertained, assessed and collected, in all respects,
as is provided by law for the said tax in kind, and shall be paid for, on
delivery, by the Post-Quartermasters in the several districts at the
assessed value thereof, except that payment for cotton and tobacco
shall be made by the agents of the Treasury Department appointed to
receive the same.
Sec. 2. The supplies necessary to the support of the producer and
his family, and to carry on his ordinary business, shall be exempted
from the contribution required by the preceding section, and from
the additional impressments authorized by the act: Provided,
however, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to repeal
or affect the provisions of an act entitled “An act to authorize the
impressment of meat for the use of the army, under certain
circumstances,” approved Feb. 17, 1864, and if the amount of any
article or product so necessary cannot be agreed upon between the
assessor and the producer, it shall be ascertained and determined by
disinterested freeholders of the vicinage, as is provided in cases of
disagreement as to the estimates and assessments of tax in kind. If
required by the assessor, such freeholder shall ascertain whether a
producer, who is found unable to furnish the additional one tenth of
any one product, cannot supply the deficiency by the delivery of an
equivalent in other products, and upon what terms such
commutation shall be made. Any commutation thus awarded shall be
enforced and collected, in all respects, as is provided for any other
contribution required by this act.
Sec. 3. The Secretary of War may, at his discretion, decline to
assess, or, after assessment, may decline to collect the whole or any
part of the additional one tenth herein provided for, in any district or
locality; and it shall be his duty promptly to give notice of any such
determination, specifying, with reasonable certainty, the district or
locality and the product, or the proportion thereof, as to which he so
declines.
Sec. 4. The products received for the contribution herein required,
shall be disposed of and accounted for in the same manner as those
received for the tax in kind; and the Secretary of War may, whenever
the exigencies of the public service will allow, authorize the sale of
products received from either source, to public officers or agents
charged in any State with the duty of providing for the families of
soldiers. Such sale shall be at the prices paid or assessed for the
products sold, including the actual cost of collections.
Sec. 5. If, in addition to the tax in kind and the contribution herein
required, the necessities of the army or the good of the service shall
require other supplies of food or forage, or any other private
property, and the same cannot be procured by contract, then
impressments may be made of such supplies or other property,
either for absolute ownership or for temporary use, as the public
necessities may require. Such impressments shall be made in
accordance with the provisions, and subject to the restrictions of the
existing impressment laws, except so far as is herein otherwise
provided.
Sec. 6. The right and the duty of making impressments is hereby
confided exclusively to the officers and agents charged in the several
districts with the assessment and collection of the tax in kind and of
the contribution herein required; and all officers and soldiers in any
department of the army are hereby expressly prohibited from
undertaking in any manner to interfere with these officers and
agents in any part of their duties in respect to the tax in kind, the
contribution, or the impressment herein provided for: Provided,
That this prohibition shall not be applicable to any district, county,
or parish in which there shall be no officer or agent charged with the
appointment and collection of the tax in kind.
Sec. 7. Supplies or other property taken by impressment shall be
paid for by the post quartermasters in the several districts, and shall
be disposed of and accounted for by them as is required in respect to
the tax in kind and the contribution herein required; and it shall be
the duty of the post quartermasters to equalize and apportion the
impressments within their districts, as far as practicable, so as to
avoid oppressing any portion of the community.
Sec. 8. If any one not authorized by law to collect the tax in kind or
the contribution herein required, or to make impressments, shall
undertake, on any pretence of such authority, to seize or impress, or
to collect or receive any such property, or shall, on any such
pretence, actually obtain such property, he shall, upon conviction
thereof, be punished by fine not exceeding five times the value of
such property, and be imprisoned not exceeding five years, at the
discretion of the court having jurisdiction. And it shall be the duty of
all officers and agents charged with the assessment and collection of
the tax in kind and of the contribution herein required, promptly to
report, through the post quartermasters in the several districts, any
violation or disregard of the provisions of this act by any officer or
soldier in the service of the Confederate States.
Sec. 9. That it shall not be lawful to impress any sheep, milch
cows, brood mares, stud horses, jacks, bulls, or other stock kept or
necessary for raising horses, mules, or cattle.
The following is the vote by which the bill passed the Senate:
Yeas—Messrs. Caperton, Graham, Haynes, Jemison, Johnson
(Ark.), Johnson (Mo.), Mitchell, Orr, Walker, Watson—10.
Nays—Messrs. Baker, Burnett, Henry, Hunter, Maxwell, Semmes,
Sparrow—7.
Admitting West Virginia.
1863, Dec. 10, the House passed the bill—yeas 96, nays 57.
1863, April 20, the President issued a proclamation announcing
the compliance, by West Virginia, of the conditions of admission.
COLOR IN WAR POLITICS.
1864, May 6—The Senate considered the bill for the registration of
voters in the city of Washington, when
Mr. Cowan moved to insert the word “white” in the first section, so
as to confine the right of voting to white male citizens.
May 12—Mr. Morrill moved to amend the amendment by striking
out the words—
And shall have paid all school taxes and all taxes on personal
property properly assessed against him, shall be entitled to vote for
mayor, collector, register, members of the board of aldermen and
board of common council, and assessor, and for every officer
authorized to be elected at any election under any act or acts to
which this is amendatory or supplementary, and inserting the words
—
And shall within the year next preceding the election have paid a
tax, or been assessed with a part of the revenue of the District,
county, or cities, therein, or been exempt from taxation having
taxable estate, and who can read and write with facility, shall enjoy
the privileges of an elector.
May 26—Mr. Sumner moved to amend the bill by adding this
proviso:
Provided, That there shall be no exclusion of any person from the
registry on account of color.
May 27—Mr. Harlan moved to amend the amendment by making
the word “person” read “persons,” and adding the words—
Who have borne arms in the military service of the United States,
and have been honorably discharged therefrom.
Which was agreed to yeas 26, nays 12, as follows:
Yeas—Messrs. Anthony, Chandler, Clark, Collamer, Conness,
Dixon, Fessenden, Foot, Foster, Grimes, Hale, Harlan, Harris,
Johnson, Lane of Indiana, Lane of Kansas, Morgan, Morrill,
Pomeroy, Ramsey, Sherman, Ten Eyck, Trumbull, Wade, Willey,
Wilson—26.
Nays—Messrs. Buckalew, Carlile, Cowan, Davis, Hendricks,
McDougall, Powell, Richardson, Saulsbury, Sumner, Van Winkle,
Wilkinson—12.
May 28—Mr. Sumner moved to add these words to the last
proviso:
And provided further, That all persons, without distinction of
color, who shall, within the year next preceding the election, have
paid a tax on any estate, or been assessed with a part of the revenue
of said District, or been exempt from taxation having taxable estate,
and who can read and write with facility, shall enjoy the privilege of
an elector. But no person now entitled to vote in the said District,
continuing to reside therein, shall be disfranchised hereby.
Which was rejected—yeas 8, nays 27, as follows:
Yeas—Messrs. Anthony, Clark, Lane of Kansas, Morgan, Pomeroy,
Ramsey, Sumner, Wilkinson—8.
Nays—Messrs. Buckalew, Carlile, Collamer, Cowan, Davis, Dixon,
Fessenden, Foot, Foster, Grimes, Hale, Harlan, Harris, Hendricks,
Hicks, Johnson, Lane of Indiana, McDougall, Morrill, Powell,
Saulsbury, Sherman. Ten Eyck, Trumbull, Van Winkle, Willey,
Wilson—27.
The other proposition of Mr. Sumner, amended on motion of Mr.
Harlan, was then rejected—yeas 18, nays 20, as follows:
Yeas—Messrs. Anthony, Chandler, Clark, Dixon, Foot, Foster,
Hale, Harlan, Howard, Howe, Lane of Kansas, Morgan, Pomeroy,
Ramsey, Sherman, Sumner, Wilkinson, Wilson—18.
Nays—Messrs. Buckalew, Carlile, Cowan, Davis, Grimes, Harris,
Hendricks, Hicks, Johnson, Lane of Indiana, McDougall, Morrill,
Nesmith, Powell, Richardson, Saulsbury, Ten Eyck, Trumbull, Van
Winkle, Willey—20.
The bill then passed the Senate, and afterward the House, without
amendment.