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Poverty in Davao City-Research
Poverty in Davao City-Research
Abstract
Beyond just not having enough money, poverty is a multifaceted global or social issue. It has to do
with not having enough money to cover necessities like clothing, food, and housing. Although this
social issue is unbreakable, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) aims to break the
intergenerational cycle of poverty. The national government's Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps) is a human development program that provides conditional cash payments to the poorest of
the poor to enhance social development. This study aims to analyze the Importance of the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and its impact on Poverty in the society of Davao City
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Poverty is a global issue that demands urgent attention and solutions. In Davao City, poverty
non-governmental initiatives have emerged to combat this prevalent issue. These programs
aim to uplift individuals living in poverty by offering financial support, housing, food,
Moreover, poverty has a severe impact in the Philippines, especially when it comes to
children who long for an education, depriving them of the chance to gain vital knowledge and
restricting their prospects for the future. In addition to creating a vicious cycle of misery, this
deprivation puts up significant barriers in the way of those in poverty finding steady work.
For those who are unable to access education, the unemployment rate is alarmingly high due
to a lack of opportunities and resources. With the goal of uplifting beneficiaries in Davao
City by providing essential financial support for their daily expenses, the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) appears as a beacon of hope in response to this pressing
need.
Furthermore, Davao City is still on the path to a better future as a result of initiatives like the
4Ps, which never wavered in their mission to provide their beneficiaries hope, equality, and
resilience. By bridging gaps and empowering disadvantaged people, this Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a transformative force in Davao City, which has lots of
beneficiaries. The 4Ps break the cycle of poverty by simultaneously addressing immediate
needs and accelerating the process of financial support. On the other hand, the program's
ongoing positive effects serve as evidence of the possibility of significant change that can
Among these initiatives, the City Government of Davao has implemented various social
welfare projects, notably the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, known as 4Ps,
spearheaded by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (Fernandez & Olfindo,
2011). These programs have exhibited considerable success in enhancing the welfare and
social indicators of the impoverished. Originating in 2008, the Department of Social Welfare
and Development (DSWD) introduced the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program, 4Ps,
aiming to prioritize human capital development (Padilla, 2011). Such endeavors aim to
augment both the immediate income of the impoverished and their long-term human
capabilities (Son, H., 2008). The 4Ps program specifically aims to promote the economic and
social well-being of marginalized individuals and families, providing crucial resources and
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), operates within the framework of Social
networks to combat poverty. Social Capital Theory defines social capital as the set of norms,
values, and trust existing within a community (J. Field, 2016). In this context, the 4Ps
program fosters social relationships and cooperation among its beneficiaries, drawing on
these inherent social connections to facilitate poverty alleviation efforts. A. Dale and L.
Newman (2010) emphasize the program's reliance on a social network involving government
entities, community stakeholders, and beneficiaries. This network forms the backbone of the
4Ps, leveraging social connections to enhance program outcomes. These connections are vital
as they establish trust, encourage collaboration, and enable effective resource utilization
within communities.
Moreover, the program functions as a form of social protection and development mechanism,
utilizing the principles of Social Capital Theory to alleviate poverty. By strengthening the ties
between government agencies, community members, and beneficiaries, the 4Ps enhance
access to resources, educational opportunities, and healthcare services. The 4Ps program's
emphasis on building and leveraging social connections aligns with the fundamental tenets of
do not satisfy the fundamental necessities of existence, showing a clear absence of capacity.
(Sabina Alkire and Foster 2011). The multidimensional framework of poverty provides a
income. First, it recognizes that poverty goes beyond a lack of income, including the lack of
material resources needed to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, and health care. Building
emphasis on individual capacity and autonomy with inclusion, this Human Development
Index (HDI) integrates measures of income, education, and life expectancy, and recognizes
structural factors such as unequal distribution of resources Alkirez Roche, and Seth (2012).
Gender inequality, political instability, and environmental issues are also central to this
approach, addressing the structural drivers of poverty Kabeer (2005). Recognize fully the
health, social security, infrastructure, capacity building, and inclusive economic development.
communities.
effectiveness of the 4Ps in the Davao City area. Moreover, this sought to answer the
following questions:
1. How has the 4Ps program contributed to reducing poverty levels within Davao City?
3. In what ways has the 4Ps program enhanced the living standards and overall well-being of
participating households?
Studying poverty is significant for several reasons, as studying poverty is crucial for
poverty to learn more about how the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program improves their
standard of living. This research was made to provide crucial information and knowledge to
Marginalize individuals - this study provides them with information, benefits, and risks of the
4Ps program.
Davao City, located in the southern part of the Philippines, is the country's third-largest city in terms
of population. Despite its economic growth and development, poverty remains a significant
challenge in the city. According to the latest data from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), as of
2018, the poverty incidence in Davao City is 17.3%, which is slightly lower than the national average
of 21.6%. The poverty situation in Davao City is characterized by high levels of income inequality,
inadequate access to basic services, and limited opportunities for social and economic mobility. The
city's poverty incidence is highest in the urban poor communities, particularly in the areas of
Barangay 16, Barangay 18, and Barangay 21. These communities are characterized by overcrowded
housing, poor sanitation, and limited access to basic services such as water, electricity, and
healthcare.
transfer program aimed at reducing poverty and promoting human capital development
among poor households. The program provides cash grants to beneficiary households,
conditional on their children's regular attendance in school and regular check-ups at health
centers. The program also provides additional benefits such as nutrition supplements and
livelihood assistance.
The importance of the 4Ps program in addressing poverty in Davao City is multifold. Firstly,
the program provides a safety net for poor households, enabling them to meet their basic
needs and invest in their children's education and health. This, in turn, promotes social and
economic mobility, as children who receive education and healthcare are better equipped to
secure better-paying jobs and break the cycle of poverty. Secondly, the program promotes
This, in turn, leads to improved health outcomes, reduced dropout rates, and increased
income and improved economic opportunities for poor households, reducing their
vulnerability to poverty. Finally, the program promotes social cohesion and community
and the private sector. This, in turn, leads to improved service delivery, increased
This chapter presents a review of local and foreign literature and studies related to the present study.
Various policies and interventions have been implemented locally and internationally to reduce
poverty. One of the most popular programs in the Philippines is the Pantawid Pamilyang Filipino
Program (4Ps). The program aims to reduce poverty by providing guaranteed income to eligible
households. This review of related literature examines national and international research to
demonstrate the importance of the 4Ps for poverty reduction, with special emphasis on its impact on
urban Davao. Several regional studies have analyzed the impact of Davao City’s 4Ps. Catubig (2015).
This study provides valuable insights into the specific situation of Davao City and contributes to
understanding the importance of the 4Ps for poverty reduction in the area.
Another piece of literature that is related to our study is entitled Overcoming Extreme Poverty in
India: Lessons Learnt from SKS. Currently, the percentage of Indians living in multidimensional
poverty, as measured by the National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) developed by NITI
Aayog, is 14.96%. India's rural areas had a multidimensional poverty rate of 19.28% while the
poverty rate in cities was 5.27%. Now, the research study of Huda (2010), talks about overcoming
extreme poverty in India. In his research study, he mentioned that the Ultra Poor Program (UPP) is a
cutting-edge strategy for reducing poverty that Swayam Krishi Sangam (SKS), a renowned
microfinance organization in India, has implemented. Moreover, the key to ending the cycle of
poverty, according to SKS, is generating income, but the poorest people stand too vulnerable, too risk-
avoidant, and lacking the entrepreneurial skills to take advantage of a microloan. Therefore, to assist
them in "graduating" out of extreme poverty, SKS provides highly monitored people with productive
assets, a cash allowance, a savings plan, and health services for eighteen months.
In addition to local cases, foreign research has also examined the importance of conditional cash
transfer policies in reducing poverty. Alkire and Foster (2011) conducted a study on census and
multidimensional poverty that provides a global perspective on the impact of these programs. This
study demonstrates the efficacy and importance of the conditional grant program, which can inform
the discussion about the importance of the 4Ps in Davao. In addition, the United Nations Development
Program (UNDP) issues annual Human Development Reports which provide detailed assessments of
world poverty and development indicators These reports can shed light on the global situation and the
Examining local and international studies, this review of relevant literature aims to provide a
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The set of norms, values, and trust that exist within a community is defined as social capital
according to the Theory of Social Capital. In this context, the 4Ps program encourages social
relationships and cooperation among its beneficiaries, relying on these innate social
The Conceptual Framework which shows the connection of variables of the study.
The independent variable is poverty and the dependent variable is the 4ps
4PS POVERTY
Definition of terms
1. Poverty- the lack of, or the inability to achieve a socially acceptable standard of living.
2.Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)- is a version of a cash transfer program here in
the Philippines under the Department of Social Welfare and Development Program that aims
RESEARCH ANALYSIS
Government assistance plays a crucial role in addressing and alleviating poverty. It helps
create a social safety net by providing financial aid, food assistance, healthcare, and
education support to those in need. This 4Ps program aims to reduce the impact of economic
disparities, promote equal opportunities, and enhance the overall quality of life for
various programs and policies designed to support individuals and communities in need. This
can include financial aid, food assistance, housing support, healthcare programs, education
grants, and more. The goal is to enhance the well-being of citizens, particularly those facing
made a significant impact and contribution to reducing poverty levels in Davao City. Through
its conditional cash transfer system, the program provides financial assignments to the most
program helps to alleviate the financial burdens and difficulties faced by these household
beneficiaries and enables them to meet their basic needs, such as shelter, food, healthcare,
and education. By addressing those immediate needs, the program helps families get out of
Furthermore, the Pantawid Pamilya program has great effects on child health, education, and
employment since the program provides free child healthcare services and free vaccinations
and vitamins for toddlers. Also, the programs help decrease the rate of child labor of children
rages from aged 10-14 by 90% this indicates that children are not dropping out of school due
to financial concerns. In education, the program has a more pronounced impact on older
children, likely attributed to an extension of age coverage and higher grants for high school
students. School enrollment for children aged 12-17 increases, along with positive outcomes
such as age-appropriate enrollment in junior high school and lower dropout rates. Lastly it
increases the employment rates by helping the beneficiaries get a job which lifted 31.1% of
poor households in the Philippines out of poverty and decreased the national poverty gap
measure by 52.5%.
CONCLUSION
of poverty, the pivotal role of the 4Ps program, and the theoretical frameworks that underpin
its success. The findings are poised to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing discourse
on poverty reduction and community development, both in Davao City and beyond. In
essence, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program not only provides immediate relief to
struggling households but also functions as a catalyst for sustainable change. Its impact
transcends individual beneficiaries, creating a positive domino effect that addresses poverty
at its roots and contributes to the broader well-being and development of the community.
References
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