This presents a foundational approach to understanding logic and language's role within it.

Logic is
defined as the quest for truth through sound reasoning. It leans heavily on language, which is the
medium through which ideas and arguments are conveyed to achieve clear and reliable reasoning.

Truth is seen as the core element that makes arguments in logic meaningful. Meaning itself is derived
from the way language is used to convey messages, be it through words, sentences, or larger pieces of
text.

Language, in the context of logic, can serve various purposes including describing things, expressing
emotions, and forming logical propositions. Logical propositions are statements that can be labeled as
true or false. They are not commands or questions but assertive statements that form the basis of
logical arguments.

Arguments are constructed from premises that lead to a conclusion. A good argument shows a clear and
strong link between the premises and conclusion, while a bad argument fails to demonstrate this
connection.

Logical propositions can be categorized into universal or particular, each with an affirmative or negative
form. A universal affirmative (A-form) states that all members of a category have a certain attribute,
while a universal negative (E-form) denies that all have it. Particular forms make claims about at least
one member of a category, without generalizing to all (affirmative—I-form, negative—O-form).

To identify arguments within language, the paper suggests looking for indicators of premises or
conclusions and examining the statements to determine if one is intended to support the other. The
substitution test is proposed as a method to verify these indicators.

Overall, it aims to clarify the significant interplay of logic and language in making rational arguments,
defining the types of logical propositions, and providing guidance on identifying arguments in discourse

•logic refers to the study of rational argumentation, which is aimed at uncovering truth and achieving
sound reasoning. It involves analyzing how arguments are constructed and determining whether they
are structured in a way that leads logically from premises to a true conclusion. Logic is concerned with
ensuring that the reasoning behind our thoughts and statements is coherent, consistent, valid, and
sound.

The paper discusses whether there's a unique Filipino philosophy and gives three ways to think about it.
First, the traditional view looks at individuals like Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio, who were inspired by
European ideas but gave them a Filipino twist.

Second, the cultural view looks at the broader wisdom of the Filipino people, like their stories and
customs.

Third, the national view says if a Filipino wrote about any philosophy, eastern or western, it counts as
Filipino philosophy.

Some say Filipino philosophy is overshadowed by other philosophies and it doesn't really exist, or it's
just about culture. Others see Filipino thinkers as philosophers in their own right.

The paper's big idea is to stop focusing so much on the topic and more on the writer's nationality. This
way, writings on philosophy by Filipinos become part of Filipino philosophy.

By using all three views—traditional, cultural, and national—Filipino philosophy can be better
appreciated and won't be limited to one definition. This makes the idea of Filipino philosophy more
flexible and inclusive.