Exam FINAL CHEMISTRY

Name_MRANI KHALID ACHRAF__________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Which science is primarily concerned with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes? D1)
A) physics B) geology C) biology D) chemistry

2) What is natural philosophy? B2)

A) an experimental approach to philosophy
B) theoretical speculation about nature
C) a belief in natural foods
D) an experimental approach to the study of nature

3) The ancient Greek philosophers were probably the first to consider the behavior of matter in an A3)
organized way. What is the major distinction between the "Greek philosophers" and "modern
scientists"?
A) experimentation B) observation
C) hypotheses D) logic

4) Which developed first? B4)

A) chemistry B) technology
C) natural philosophy D) alchemy

5) Chemistry is A5)
A) the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
B) speculation about the nature of matter.
C) the mystical search for the elixir of life.
D) none of these

. 6) Green chemistry uses B6)

A) reactions that are not heated.
B) materials and processes that are intended to prevent or reduce pollution at its source
C) only water as a solvent. reactions that are not heated.
D) only grocery store bought chemicals.

7) Archaeological evidence indicates that ancient Egyptians were brewing beer and other fermented A7)
beverages over 4000 years ago. In the mid-19th century, French scientist Louis Pasteur discovered
and explained the source of fermentation using yeast. This example illustrates that
A) technological knowledge may come before scientific knowledge.
B) scientific knowledge may come before technological knowledge.
C) science and technology are not related.
D) science and technology mean the same thing.

8) Which of the following was NOT a result of alchemy? A 8)

A) The philosopher's stone was successfully used to change base metals, such as lead, into gold .
B) Many modern chemists inherited an interest in health and medicines from the alchemists.
C) Alchemists developed techniques such as distillation and extraction that are still used today.
D) Many new chemicals were discovered.

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9) Rachel Carson was an early proponent of 9)
A) environmental awareness. B) pesticides to improve crops. A
C) using insects to improve pollination. D) conservation.

C
10) DDT was widely used as an insecticide during and following World War II. However, the egg 10)
shells of birds that live in areas where DDT was used were very thin, and the young did not hatch.
This is an example of
A) George Orwell's book, 1984. B) Sam Kean's book, The Disappearing Spoon.
C) Rachel Carson's book, Silent Spring. D) Dan Schwartz's book, No Cure for Nature.
A
11) ________ chemistry is designed to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising 11)
the needs of future generations.
A) Sustainable B) expeimental C) Green D) Organic
C
12) Science is tentative, explanatory, and 12)
A) mystical. B) unpredictable. C) testable. D) absolute.
B
13) Organic chemistry is most broadly defined as 13)
A) the chemistry of living systems.
B) the chemistry of the compounds of carbon.
C) the chemistry of substances produced by living systems.
D) the chemistry of the non-metallic compounds.

14) Approximately what percentage of known compounds are classified as organic compounds? C14)
A) ≈ 70% B) ≈ 20% C) ≈ 95% D) ≈ 40%

15) The term "organic" refer to foods that A 15)

A) are grown using "all-natural" methods and without the use of synthetic
pesticides or herbicides.
B) contain only organic compounds.
C) are grown hydroponically.
D) contain no organic compounds.

D
16) The element whose atoms have a unique ability to bond to each other and to other kinds of atoms is 16)
A) sodium. B) nitrogen. C) sulfur. D) carbon.
D
17) The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain 17)
A) single, double and triple bonds. B) only carbon and hydrogen.
C) single and double bonds. D) only single bonds.
B
18) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH3? 18)
A) butane B) propane C) methane D) ethane
C
19) How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C5H12? 19)
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
D
20) Alkanes are often called 20)
A) saturated fats. B) unsaturated hydrocarbons.
C) carbohydrates. D) saturated hydrocarbons.

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21) The condensed structural formula for the molecule below is B 21)

A) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3. B) CH3CH2C(CH3)3.

C) CH3CH2CH2(CH3)2CH3. D) none of the above

C
22) The formula for heptene is 22)

A) C5H12. B) C4H10. C) C7H14. D) C3H8.

A
23) The formula for cyclopropane is 23)

A) C3H6. B) C3H8 C) C7H12. D) C7H16.

B
24) Compounds with the same number and kinds of atoms but with different structures are known as 24)
A) isotopes. B) isomers. C) allotropes. D) homologs.
D
25) Organic compounds are 25)
A) nonpolar and more dense than water. B) polar and less dense than water.
C) polar and more dense than water. D) nonpolar and less dense than water.
C
26) A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen and which has only single bonds between 26)
atoms is classified as an
A) alkene. B) aromatic compound.
C) alkane. D) alkyne.
B
27) The simplest alkane is 27)
A) propane. B) methane. C) ethane. D) monane.
A
28) Carbon is almost always 28)
A) tetravalent. B) divalent. C) trivalent. D) monovalent.
C
29) The first organic compound to be synthesized in a chemist's laboratory was 29)
A) chlorophyll. B) benzene. C) urea. D) cholesterol.
B
30) The most unique property of carbon is its ability to 30)
A) bond to nitrogen. B) bond to carbon.
C) bond to oxygen. D) form four bonds.
B
31) A scientific hypothesis is 31)
A) simple. B) tentative. C) absolute. D) complex.

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32) Which of the following is NOT a property of alkanes? A 32)
A) Alkanes will undergo addition reactions.
B) Alkanes will burn easily and can be used as fuels.
C) Alkanes are not soluble in water.
D) Alkanes have a lower density than water does.

33) A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is a(n) A 33)
A) hydrocarbon. B) carbohydrate. C) alcohol. D) homolog.

34) Acetylene is A 34)

A) C2H2. B) C2H4. C) C2H6. D) CH4.

35) Monomers D 35)

A) are ethylene. B) are small polymers.
C) cannot form polymers. D) are small building blocks of polymers.

36) Natural polymers which carry the coded genetic information that makes each individual unique D 36)
are
A) carboxylic acids. B) proteins.
C) esters. D) nucleic acids.

37) Which of the following is the simplest synthetic polymer? D 37)

A) polymethane B) polystyrene
C) polyvinyl chloride D) polyethylene

38) High-density polyethylene is composed of D 38)

A) polyethylene with high density plasticizers added to increase density.
B) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse
packing arrangement.
C) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene.
D) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement.

39) LDPE finds applications as D 39)

A) plastic television trays. B) drain pipes
C) threaded bottle caps. D) plastic film.

40) Thermoplastic polymers may be A 40)

A) heated, but not reformed. B) decomposed by heating.
C) changed in color by heating. D) heated and reformed.

41) A copolymer is composed of B 41)

A) different polymers cross-linked. B) two or more different monomers.
C) different polymers linked end to end. D) none of the above

42) The monomer used to make Teflon is A 42)

A) F2C CF2. B) Cl2C CH2. C) H2C CH2. D) H2C CHCl.

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 C
43) One of the problems in the production of PVC is that 43)
A) vinyl chloride is a solid at room temperature.
B) vinyl chloride is toxic.
C) vinyl chloride is carcinogenic.
D) vinyl chloride is explosive.
B
44) The major part of the average exposure of humans to radiation comes from 44)
A) other human made sources. B) naturally occurring sources.
C) nuclear power plants. D) diagnostic X-rays.
C
45) Radiation with enough energy to knock electrons off atoms or molecules is known as 45)
A) transmuting radiation. B) fundamental radiation
C) ionizing radiation. D) electron capture.
D
46) The following nuclear reaction is an example of 46)
226 4 222
Rn
88 Ra → 2 He + 86
A) beta decay. B) gamma decay.
C) an impossible reaction. D) alpha decay.
A
47) Thorium-234 undergoes beta decay: 47)
234 0
e+
90 Th → 1- Q
What is Q?
234 233 234 233
A) Pa B) Th C) Ac D) Th
91 90 89 91
A
48) Plants incorporate carbon as long they live. Once a plant dies, it takes how many years for 75% of 48)
the carbon-14 to decay (half-life of C-14 is 5730 years)?
A) 11460 yrs B) 573 yrs C) 5730 yrs D) 2865 yrs
B
49) A piece of fossilized wood has a carbon-14 radioactivity that is 1/4 that of new wood. The half-life 49)
of carbon-14 is 5730 years. How old is the cloth?
A) 1 × 5730 = 5730 years B) 2 × 5730 = 11,460 years
C) 0.25 × 5730 = 1432 years D) 3 × 5730 = 17,190 years
C
50) The bombardment of nitrogen-14 with alpha particles produces oxygen-17 and a proton. This 50)
process is called
A) fission. B) isotopic enrichment.
C) transmutation. D) alpha emission.
A
51) Which one of the following is most penetrating? 51)
A) gamma ray B) He nucleus C) beta particle D) visible light

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52) The nuclear synthesis of plutonium-239 was an important part of the effort to build an atomic C 52)
bomb during World War II because
A) plutonium-239 has a longer half-life than uranium-235.
B) plutonium-239 is required to cause uranium-235 to fission.
C) plutonium-239 is fissionable.
D) of all of these reasons

53) Thermonuclear reaction A 53)

A) is a process in which smaller nuclei combine to form nuclei.
B) is a process in which a large nucleus spontaneously splits into two or more smaller nuclei.
C) is a process in which a large nucleus is bombarded with a neutron and then splits into
two or more smaller nuclei.
D) is a process used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants.

54) Commercial airplanes fly in the C 54)

A) troposphere. B) biosphere. C) stratosphere. D) ionosphere.

55) The most abundant component of dry air is C 55)

A) radon. B) helium.
C) nitrogen. D) carbon monoxide.

56) The concentration of which component of the atmosphere has increased dramatically since the C 56)
beginning of the industrial era?
A) argon B) sulfur dioxide C) carbon dioxide D) krypton

57) Which of the following statements is NOT true? D 57)

A) The temperature of the stratosphere rises as you get farther from the earth's surface.
B) The temperature of the mesosphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface.
C) The temperature of the troposphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface.
D) The temperature of the stratosphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface.

58) Which of the following is a form of nitrogen fixation? B 58)

A) N2 + O2 + energy(lightning) → 2 NO B) N2 + bacteria → nitrates
C) N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 D) All are forms of nitrogen fixation.

59) A major source of oxygen on Earth is D 59)

A) snow. B) plants.
C) decomposition of water in the oceans. D) ocean-based phytoplankton.

60) Which of the following statements is true of oxygen and nitrogen at normal temperatures? A 60)
A) Oxygen is highly reactive, but nitrogen is not.
B) Both nitrogen and oxygen are highly reactive.
C) Nitrogen is highly reactive, but oxygen is not.
D) Neither nitrogen nor oxygen is highly reactive.

61) A definition of a pollutant is a chemical A 61)

A) in the wrong place or at the wrong concentration.
B) in the right place and at the right concentration.
C) in the right place but at the wrong concentration.
D) in the wrong place but at the right concentration.

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62) Which of the following statements about ozone is correct? D 62)
A) Ozone is a pollutant in both the troposphere and the stratosphere.
B) Ozone is a pollutant in the stratosphere but not in the troposphere.
C) Ozone is a not a pollutant in either the troposphere or the stratosphere.
D) Ozone is a pollutant in the troposphere but not in the stratosphere.

63) The word smog is believed to have originated in B 63)

A) Japan. B) London. C) Mexico City. D) Los Angeles.

64) The complete oxidation of coal produces C 64)

A) particulate matter. B) soot.
C) carbon dioxide (CO2). D) carbon monoxide (CO).

65) Which of the following is used to remove particulate matter from smokestack gases? D 65)
A) electrostatic precipitators
B) bag filtration
C) wet scrubbers
D) All of the above are used to remove particulate matter.

D
66) Usually the symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning is 66)
A) uncontrollable shaking. B) diarrhea.
C) blubluing of the eyes and skin. D) drowsiness.
A
67) Acid rain is precipitation with a pH 67)
A) below 5.6. B) below 3.6. C) above 8.2. D) above 11.5.
B
68) "Pure" rainfall (rainfall undisturbed by human influences) has a pH of approximately 5.6. The pH 68)
of rain in some areas has been measured at 2.6. The acidity of this rain is
A) 3 times that of normal rain. B) 1000 times that of normal rain.
C) 300 times that of normal rain. D) 0.3 times that of normal rain.
C
69) The two principal sources of acid rain are ________ emissions from power plants and ________ 69)
emissions from automobiles and power plants.
A) carbon dioxide; nitrogen monoxide B) ozone; nitrogen monoxide
C) sulfur dioxide; nitrogen monoxide D) sulfur monoxide; ozone
D
70) All of the following contribute to increasing indoor air pollution levels EXCEPT 70)
A) improving insulation and sealing air leaks around windows and doors.
B) gas kitchen stoves.
C) mold.
D) All of the above contribute to increasing indoor air pollution.

71) Heat capacity is a measure of the heat required to A 71)

A) raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
B) evaporate a substance.
C) freeze a substance.
D) expand the volume of a substance.

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72) The dramatic temperature changes on the moon between day and night are not seen on the earth C 72)
because of what property of water?
A) excellent solvent B) less dense as a solid
C) high heat capacity D) All of the above contribute.

73) Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to C 73)

A) condense a vapor. B) melt a solid.
C) evaporate a liquid. D) evaporate a solid.

74) Lakes and oceans affect climate by moderating variations in air temperature. The property of A 74)
water moderating temperature variations is its
A) high heat of vaporization. B) boiling point.
C) surface tension. D) density.

75) An atmospheric inversion is a phenomenon that may have disastrous effects with respect to air D 75)
pollution. An atmospheric inversion occurs when a
A) lower layer of warm air is trapped by an upper layer of cooler air.
B) lower layer of oxygen rich air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen deficient air.
C) lower layer of oxygen deficient air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen rich air.
D) lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air.

76) With respect to reactivity at normal temperatures, nitrogen is best classified as B 76)
A) comparable to helium in its reactivity. B) relatively unreactive.
C) highly reactive. D) somewhat reactive.

77) Which component of the atmosphere is predicted to rise in the foreseeable future? A 77)
A) carbon dioxide B) fluorine
C) argon D) carbon monoxide

78) The second most abundant component of dry air is C 78)

A) carbon dioxide. B) argon. C) oxygen. D) nitrogen.

79) Uranium-238 decays by emission of an alpha particle. The product of this decay is A 79)
234 234 234
A) Th B) Pa C) U D) 234 Ra
90 91 92 88

80) An alpha particle is the same as a B 80)

A) helium-5 nucleus. B) helium-4 nucleus.
C) neutron. D) hydrogen-1 nucleus.

81) All of the following are known to be forms of ionizing radiation EXCEPT D 81)
A) ultraviolet radiation. B) gamma rays.
C) X-rays. D) radio waves.

82) Cosmic rays are C 82)

A) high energy radiation produced in the ozone layer.
B) high energy radiation produced by the earth's core.
C) high energy radiation produced by the sun.
D) none of these

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83) Low-density polyethylene is composed of B 83)
A) polyethylene with low density plasticizers added to increase density.
B) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse
packing arrangement.
C) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement.
D) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene.

84) Polyethylene is NOT D 84)

A) a thermoplastic polymer. B) tough.
C) flexible. D) a thermosetting polymer.

85) One of the first applications of polyethylene was A 85)

A) electrical insulation. B) garbage bags.
C) billiard balls. D) parachutes.

86) Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring polymer? C 86)

A) cellulose B) wool C) celluloid D) starch

87) Which of the following is a naturally occurring polymer? B 87)

A) celluloid
B) starch
C) nylon
D) None of the above is a naturally occurring polymer.

88) Wool and silk are examples of which type of naturally occurring polymer? B 88)
A) nucleic acids B) polyesters C) proteins D) cellulose

89) The word polymer means B 89)

A) many rings. B) many parts. C) many sides. D) many carbons.

90) The word monomer means C 90)

A) many bonds. B) one bond. C) one unit. D) many rings.

91) Which statement relating monomers and polymers is correct? B 91)

A) They have the same chemical and physical properties.
B) They have different chemical and physical properties.
C) They have the same chemical formula.
D) The monomer is usually a solid, while the polymer is usually a liquid or gas.

92) Which of the following is NOT a property of water? A92)

A) It has a lower density than most liquids do.
B) It dissolves most ionic substances.
C) It has a high specific heat.
D) It has a higher density in the liquid state than in the solid state.

93) The saltiness of the oceans is B93)

A) increasing slowly B) constant
C) decreasing slowly. D) increasing rapidly.

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 B
94) What percentage of water on the earth is seawater, and hence, unfit for drinking? 94)
A) 2% B) 98% C) 25% D) 45%
A
95) The majority of fresh water is found in 95)
A) polar ice caps B) groundwater.
C) rivers and streams. D) lakes.
B
96) Which of these common human activities contribute to BOD? 96)
A) swimming in a lake or pond B) dumping detergents in a lake or pond
C) paddling a boat across a lake or pond D) fishing in a lake or pond
D
97) Algae bloom can be stimulated on a lake or pond by 97)
A) acid rain. B) basic rain.
C) fishing. D) runoff of fertilizers from crops and lawns.
C
98) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of the amount of 98)
A) dissolved biochemical oxygen in a water sample.
B) dissolved oxygen in a water sample.
C) oxygen required to degrade organic material in the water.
D) oxygen required by aquatic life in a water sample.

A
99) Algae growth and death in a lake can increase the BOD of the water. This process is called 99)
A) eutrophication. B) oxidation. C) regeneration. D) fertilization.
A
100)Consumption of water with high levels of nitrate is particularly hazardous to 100)
A) elderly. B) infants. C) males. D) females.
A
101)A major source of groundwater contamination is leaking underground storage tanks. Most of these 101)
tanks once held
A) gasoline B) ozone. C) CFCs. D) nitrates.
B
102)Fluorides are added to water to 102)
A) kill viruses. B) prevent tooth decay
C) neutralize bases. D) remove nitrites.
B
103)Primary sewage treatment involves 103)
A) aeration.
B) settling
C) chemical treatment.
D) Primary sewage treatment involves all of the above.

104) Secondary treatment of sewage involves B 104)

A) chlorination.
B) filtering and aeration
C) settling and sludge removal.
D) Secondary sewage treatment involves all of the above.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

105) How do the unique properties of water allow for life on Earth?
Water has a high density for a liquid, it exists in earth in only three physical states.Also, water is amphoteric, Water has a
very high heat of vaporization for a liquid, and a specific heat.
106)Describe how the water cycle acts to purify water.
When the air cools, the water vapor condenses in the clouds and falls to the earth it hits the ground and is absorbed in
many ways. It can be absorbed by plants or stored on the surface in a lake, ocean, or evaporated by the sun. It can also be
absorbed into the soil or pulled through the soil for years as groundwater. The water used by plants can go back into the
earth by transpiration

107)Nitrates contaminate many wells in agricultural areas. Why?

Agricultural activity contributes fertilizers and animal wastes to water sources so they need chemical, and these chemicals
have nitrate
108)Once groundwater is contaminated, it is very difficult to purify. Discuss this problem of groundwater
sources of water with respect to the water cycle.
The nitrate are difficult to remove because they are very soluble. the industrial activity includes using Vocs that
contaminate water that add undesirable odor to drinking water
109)Sketch a diagram that illustrates the major parts of the atmosphere.

110)Compare and contrast London smog and Los Angeles smog.

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