เอกสารประกอบการเรียน เรื่อง ไฟฟ้าสถิต62

Machine Translated by Google
Documents for learning about static electricity
The nature of static electricity
Electric charge and the law of conservation of electric charge
In normal conditions, objects will have a certain amount of positive charge and
negative ions in the same amount Makes the total electric charge to be zero.
It's called .................................. But when objects are rubbed together,
Let the object cause the electric charge to transfer between the two types of objects.
One object will provide electrons. and another object will accept electrons.
However, the charge cannot be regenerated or destroyed. Therefore, in any change sum of charges
of the system before the change must be equal to the sum of the charges after the change. which is based on
law of conservation of electric charge
*** The ability to pay off electrons of some objects. Arranged from highest to lowest as follows:
Order of electron loss
1 glass
Therefore, there are 2 types of electric charge: positive electric charge and
2 hair
negative electrical charge
3 perspex sheet
4 nylon The size of the electric charge (q) can be calculated from
5 flannel
q = Ne
6 silk
7 cotton and when the object has an electrical charge In addition to sending force of attraction to objects
electrically neutral There is also the transmission of force between each other.
8 Amber
9 polyvinyl chloride (pvc) Electrically charged objects are called forces between electric charges.
10 Teflon There are two types of this force: repulsive force and attractive force.
force)
Electrical conductors and electrical insulators
Electrical conductor (conductor)
Insulators
electrostatic induction
Bringing a charged object close to an electrical conductor will create opposite charges on the near side of the conductor and
The same type of charge occurs. on the far side of the conductor This method of creating charge in
this way is called electrostatic induction.

Creating a free electric charge on a conductor
exercise
1. A , B , C is a plate of three materials that are charged by abrasion. which has the following results:
A and B attract each other. A and C repel each other. The following statement Which is incorrect?
A. A and C have a positive charge, but B has a negative charge.
B. A and B have a negative charge, but C has a positive charge.
C. A and C have a negative charge, but B has a positive charge.
D. B and C have a negative charge, but A has a positive charge.
2. If there are 3 pit balls, when the pit balls are tried to be brought close to each other one pair at a time until 3 pairs are complete, it appears that the force acting between
All 3 pairs of pitch balls are a force of attraction. What type of charge is on each pit ball?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

3. Bring negatively charged object A closer to an electrically neutral pit ball. Make the pit ball deflect towards object A as shown. If object B is used
which has the same amount of charge as object A but has a different type of charge and is placed in place of object A, the pit ball will deflect in
What characteristics?
4. When using a PVC sheet with a negative electrical charge Approaching the pit of the electroscope It appeared that the pith ball was moving towards the sheet.
PVC shows what type of charge the pith ball has.
v. neutral B. Positive ions only
C. has only negative charges. D. may or may not have a charge.
5. If you want the electroscope to have a positive charge What steps should be taken?
1. Bring a positively charged object close to the metal plate of the electroscope.
2. Bring a negatively charged object close to the metal plate of the electroscope.
3. Connect the ground wire to the electroscope's open plate.
4. Pull out charged objects.
5. Pull out the ground wire.
A. 1,3,4,5 B. 1,3,5,4 C. 2,3,4,5 D. 2,3,5,4
Coulomb's law
*** Calculations regarding the force between charges There is no need to add or subtract the charge to calculate because the
plus and minus signs It is only an indication of the direction of the force, whether the force will be an attraction or a repulsion of the
charge. electricity only
Exercise 1 1. Electric
charges Q1 Q2 have the same magnitude, +1 ÿC, and are placed 2 m apart. What is the magnitude of the force between the two charges?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
2. From the figure, positions AB and C have charges q1 = 3 ÿC, q2 = 3 ÿC, and q3 = -4 ÿC respectively. When the
distance AB = 3 m and BC = 3 m, find the magnitude and direction. of the force acting on the charge at position B
…………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………….
3. Charges +5×10-5 C and -2×10-5 C placed 1 m apart will have how many newtons of force of attraction or repulsion?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

4. A charge of size A coulombs and 1×10-5 C placed 3 m apart will have a force of 1 N on each other. Find how many
coulombs of charge A is a charge?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
5. Two blocks of copper placed 3 m apart each have 5×1014 free electrons. Find the magnitude of the force. The thrust
occurs in newtons.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
6. Two small spheres are electrically neutral. and space are 0.5 m apart. Suppose 3×1013 electrons escape from a sphere.
Find the magnitude of the force exerted on each sphere. And what type of force is this?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
7. From the figure, find the net force acting on charge B.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

electric field
Electric field around a point charge
point charge means An electrical charge that has a width The length is very small (e.g. 1 letter e) and normal.
any electrical charge There will be an electrical force radiating out around us. Always a capacitor of a certain size We call the area around the charge which has
This electrical force radiated is called an “electric field” (E).
If we take another small charge placed in the area of the electric field That charge will be acted upon by the radiating force.
Let that charge happen. ................. That charge is called the test charge (q). The charge that creates the electric field is called the
field source charge (Q).

Exercise 2 1. Find
the size and direction of the electric field. Because the point charge Q is 1 ÿC at a distance of 1 m from the point charge, if the
point charge is positive and delete accordingly.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ...
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
2.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
3. From the figure, find out what the electric field strength of the charge +2×10-3 C at point A in the figure is.
What direction?
……………………………………………………………….
Q A …………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….
3m ……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
4. The charge q1 = +2 ÿC is placed 6 m away from the charge q2 = -2 ÿC. What is the value of the electric field at the center
between these 2 charges?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
Electric field lines (Electric field lines) refer to
lines used to show the direction of the electric field around a point of charge.
Other types of electric lines of force
1. Parallel conductor plates
2. Circular conductors with different kinds of charge are stacked on top of each other.
10
3. Spherical conductor
Exercise 4 1. An
oil drop of mass 8.4 × 10-14 kg moves at a constant speed. In the area where there is an electric field of a conductor plate,
parallel and vertical as shown, if the electric field magnitude is 4 × 106 N/C, find the charge on the oil drop.
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
2. If A has a positive charge and B has a negative charge, write the direction of movement of A and B when placed in an
electric field as shown.
3. Set point A to be 3 m away from the charge 5×10-9 C.
A. How strong will the electric field at point A be? B. If
one electron is placed at point A, find the force acting on this electron.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

11
4. One electron is placed at point A which is 1 m away from the charge 4×10-9 C. Find the acceleration of its motion.
of electrons
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
Electric potential and electric potential difference
Electric potential around a point charge When we place a test charge (q) in an electric field Q, that test
charge Will be subjected to force causing movement. The fact that the test charge can move means that the test charge
has energy. Accumulated inside The stored energy is called electric potential energy. (Ep) and the size of
energy The electric potential of a charge of 1 C is called electric potential (V).
Electric potential “V” means electric potential energy per unit charge. Electric potential is a scalar quantity.
The unit is J/C or Volt.
Ep. KQ
V= or V =
q R
note 1. Calculation of electric potential Always substitute the electric charge sign with
electrical potential difference

12
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
Exercise 5 1. Find
the electric potential due to a point charge Q at a distance of 1 m from the point charge if
A. The point charge has a size of 2 × 10-6 C. B. The point charge has a size of -2 × 10-6 C.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
2. At positions AB and C there is a charge of 1 × 10-6 , -2 × 10-6 C , 3 × 10-6 C respectively as shown. Find
C. A. Electric potential at D B. Work required to bring the charge 1.2 × 10-6 C from infinity to point D.
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………….
13
3. Charge Q has a magnitude -1×10-9 C. Find the electric potential at a point 1 m away from this charge Q.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
4. Find the work required to move a -2 C charge from a point with a potential of +10 V to a point with a potential of +15 V.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
5. Points A and B are points that are 2 m and 12 m away from the charge 4×10-6 C, respectively. If you want to move the
charge -4 C from B to A, how much work must be done?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
electric potential from the charge on a circular conductor
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

14
Exercise 6
1. A spherical conductor of radius 10 cm has a charge of -2 ÿC. Points PQ and R are at a distance from the center of the sphere.
Find the distances 5, 10, and 20 cm.
A. Electric potential at points PQ
and R B. Work in moving 1 × 10-9 C charge from infinity to points PQ and R D. Work
in moving -1 × 10-9 C charge from R to Q
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
2. A sphere has a radius of 1 m and a charge of -5×10-9 C. Find the electric field and electric potential at a distance of 2 m from the surface of the sphere.
round
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
3. A spherical conductor of radius 20 cm has a charge of 1 ÿC electric potential at a distance of 5 cm from the center of the sphere.
How much is it?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

15
4. A spherical conductor with a radius of 10 cm has charge distributed evenly on the surface of the conductor. If the electric field at the surface of the
sphere is 5×106 V/m, find the electric potential at the surface of this sphere.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
Relationship between potential differences and a uniform electric field
The work of moving charge +q from A to B.
***Note: If the direction of displacement (d) is perpendicular to the electric field (E), the potential difference (V) = 0.
Exercise 7
Two parallel plates placed 20 cm apart. A. The The potential difference between the two plates is 400 V. Find 1.
electric field between the two parallel plates. B. If
the electrons have a mass of 9×10-31 kg and a charge of - 1.6×10-19 C comes off the negative plate. will also move
How much is the acceleration?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

16
2. Parallel conductor plates that are 2 cm apart create a uniform electric field. vertically if you want electrons with a mass of 9×10-31
kg and a charge of -1.6×10-19 C to float between these parallel conductor plates The potential difference between
How large must the parallel conductor plates be?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
3. Parallel metal plates placed 1 mm apart are connected to the positive and negative terminals of a 1.5 V battery. The electric field between the plates How
many volts per meter are there in parallel conductors?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
4. A uniform electric field has a magnitude of 8 V/m. Points A and B are 0.5 m apart as shown. Find the electric potential difference.
Between A and B
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
5. A uniform electric field is equal to 8 V/m. Points A and B are 0.5 m apart as shown. Find the electric potential difference
between A and B and if a charge of size 2×10-6 C is moved from point A. How many joules of work will be required to go to B?
.................................................. ...........................................
.................................................. ...........................................
.................................................. ...........................................
.................................................. ...........................................
.................................................. ...........................................
.................................................. ...........................................
17
6. If E is a uniform electric field of magnitude 12 V/m, find the work required to move the test charge 3×10-6 C.
From A to B to C
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
Capacitors and
Capacitance A capacitor (capacitor) is a type of conductor. In an electrical circuit that serves to
using store charge,
instead of a capacitor, the symbol capacitance “C” means the ability to hold charge of a conductor.
It is equal to the ratio of the charge Electrical potential is measured in coulombs per volt (C/V).
Q
C=
V
Connecting a capacitor in an electrical circuit, the (+) side leg is connected to a high electric potential (+) and the (-) side leg is connected
to a low electric potential (-).

18
Exercise 8 1.
What is the electric capacitance of a conductor sphere of radius 20 cm?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
2. Find the electric charge on the surface of a conductor sphere with a surface potential of 10 V and a capacitance of 0.2 F.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
3. A capacitor has a capacity of 70 F and a potential difference of 20 V. Find the charge on this capacitor.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
4. A capacitor with a capacity of 0.2 ÿF is applied to a potential difference of 250 V. How many coulombs of charge can it store?
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
Energy stored in a capacitor
Energy stored in capacitor “U”

19
Exercise 9 1. Find
the energy stored in a capacitor of capacity 50 F connected to a potential difference of 10 V.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
2. Find the energy stored in a capacitor with a capacity of 2 F when the capacitor is charged until there is a potential difference.
2V
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
3. A capacitor stores a charge of 5.3×10-5 C when connected to a potential difference of 6 V. Find the charge stored in the capacitor
if it is connected to a potential difference of 9 V.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
capacitor connection
There are 2 ways to connect many capacitors to an electrical circuit:
1. Series connection. It is connected by bringing the positive plate of one capacitor. connected to the negative
plate of another capacitor Arranged continuously
charge flow It happens immediately when the capacitor
is connected to the electric potential difference. Connecting the
collector Series charge can be
summarized as: 1. The charge of each capacitor is equal and equal
to the total charge of the entire circuit or

20
2. Total potential difference equal to the sum of the potential differences
of every capacitor or
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
2. Parallel connection It is a connection by bringing the positive plates together at one point. and the negative discs come together at
another point.
The results of parallel connection can be
summarized as: 1. The charge including the circuit equal to the
sum of the partial charges of
Each capacitor or 2. The potential difference of each capacitor is the same.
and is equal to the total potential difference or
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
Exercise 10 1. Find
the total capacitance of two capacitors with a capacity of 10 and 20 microfarads when the two capacitors are connected
in series and in parallel and draw an illustration.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
2. Two capacitors with capacitances 2 ÿF and 4 ÿF are connected together and the potential difference is 120 V.
Find the total charge and total energy stored in the capacitors. When connecting a capacitor
v. series B. parallel
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

21
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
3. Find the number of capacitors with a capacity of 140 microfarads that can store charge when connected in parallel.
1 coulomb when connected to a potential difference of 1000 volts
……………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………….
4. From the picture, find the total capacity. and the total electric charge on both capacitors
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
5. C1 = 4 ÿF C2 = 6 ÿF
C3 = 6 ÿF C4 = 6 ÿF
Connect the capacitor as shown. Find the total capacitance of all.
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

22

เอกสารประกอบการเรียน เรื่อง ไฟฟ้าสถิต62

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

เอกสารประกอบการเรียน เรื่อง ไฟฟ้าสถิต62

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Machine Translated by Google

Documents for learning about static electricity

The nature of static electricity

Electric charge and the law of conservation of electric charge

It's called .................................. But when objects are rubbed together,

law of conservation of electric charge

Order of electron loss

Electrical conductors and electrical insulators

Electrical conductor (conductor)

this way is called electrostatic induction.

Creating a free electric charge on a conductor

A. A and C have a positive charge, but B has a negative charge.

B. A and B have a negative charge, but C has a positive charge.

C. A and C have a negative charge, but B has a positive charge.

D. B and C have a negative charge, but A has a positive charge.

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

PVC shows what type of charge the pith ball has.

v. neutral B. Positive ions only

C. has only negative charges. D. may or may not have a charge.

3. Connect the ground wire to the electroscope's open plate.

4. Pull out charged objects.

5. Pull out the ground wire.

A. 1,3,4,5 B. 1,3,5,4 C. 2,3,4,5 D. 2,3,5,4

charge. electricity only

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

coulombs of charge A is a charge?

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

7. From the figure, find the net force acting on charge B.

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

Electric field around a point charge

This electrical force radiated is called an “electric field” (E).

field source charge (Q).

point charge is positive and delete accordingly.

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ...

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....

.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ....