4th Year Electro-Mechanical Engineering 01/15/2024

Addis Ababa Science and Technology University (AASTU)

College of Engineering
Fluid Mechanics
Group Assignment IV (Chapter Seven)

Theory Part (Part One)

1. How does the speed of sound affect compressible flow?

2. What is the critical Mach number and why is it important in compressible flow?
3. How does compressibility affect the pressure distribution in a flow field?
4. What is chocked flow? State the necessary conditions for this flow to occur in a nozzle.
5. What is the role of shock waves in compressible flow?
6. What is the normal shock? Explain it with relation to compressible flow and types of flow
( Subsonic, sonic, and supersonic)
7. What is the difference between normal and oblique shock.(Explain using diagrams)
8. How do compressible flows behave differently in subsonic, transonic, and supersonic
regimes?
9. What are the basic principles governing the behavior of shock waves?
10. What are some practical applications of compressible flow, such as in aerospace
engineering or gas dynamics?

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 4th Year Electro-Mechanical Engineering 01/15/2024

Calculation Part (Part II)

1. For isentropic flow of an ideal gas with constant specific heat values (k), derive the
following commonly used relations (Isentropic property ratio).
𝑘
𝑃2 𝜌2 𝑘 𝑇2 𝑘−1
=( ) =( )
𝑃1 𝜌1 𝑇1
2. In driving speed of sound equation, we did not make use of the energy equation. Show that
it gives the same result.
3. In two dimensional flow, show that the potential lines and the stream lines are
perpendicular to each other.
4. An airplane is cruising at a speed of 900 km/hr at an altitude of 10 km. Atmospheric air at
-60 0c comes to rest at the tip of its pitot tube. Determine the temperature rise of air.
5. Consider compressible, frictionless adiabatic (Isentropic) flow of air as an ideal gas from
the free stream and brought to rest isentorpically, express the following ratios as a function
of Mach number and plot their graphs using Matlab programming in a single plane.
𝑇 𝑃 𝜌 𝑐
𝑇0 𝑃0 𝜌0 𝑐0
6. At a given instant of time two of the pressure waves, each moving at the speed of sound,
emitted by a point source moving with constant velocity in a fluid at rest are shown below.
Then based on the given information determine the mach number involved and indicate
with a sketch the instantaneous location of the point source.

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4th Year Electro-Mechanical Engineering 01/15/2024

7. Show that the flow after the shock should be subsonic, i.e. 𝑀𝑎𝑦 < 1
8. Air travelling at a Mach number of 1.8 undergoes a normal shock wave. Stagnation
properties before the shock are known as 𝑃0𝑥 = 150 𝑘𝑃𝑎, 𝑇0𝑥 = 350 𝐾.
Determine:- 𝑃𝑦 , 𝑇𝑦 , 𝑀𝑎𝑦 , 𝑉𝑦 , 𝑇𝑜𝑦 , 𝑃𝑜𝑦 , 𝑆𝑦 − 𝑆𝑥
9. Supersonic air flow inside a diverging duct is slowed by a normal shock wave. Mach
number at the inlet and exit of the duct are 0.2 and 0.3. Ratio of the exit to inlet cross
sectional areas is 2. Pressure at the inlet of the duct is 40 kPa. Determine the pressure after
the shock wave and at the exit of the duct.
10. Air is supplied to a C-D nozzle from a large reservoir where stagnation pressure and
temperature are known. Determine:-
a) The Mach number, pressure and temperature at the exit
b) The mass flow rate.

11. Air flows in a C-D nozzle with an exit to throat area ratio of 2:1. Properties at converging
section are given on the figure below. Determine:-
a) The ranges of back pressure for subsonic, non-isentropic (with shock),
overexpansion and under expansion flow regimes.
b) Back pressure if there is a shock wave where there is twice of the throat area.

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4th Year Electro-Mechanical Engineering 01/15/2024

12. Air flows isentropically through a duct. At section 1 the area is 0.05 m2 and V1 =180 m/s,
P1 =600kPa, and T1 = 480 K. Compute (a) Tt , (b) Ma1 , (c) Pt , and (d) both A* and 𝑚̇.
If at section 2 the area is 0.036 m2, compute Ma2 and P2 if the flow is (e) Subsonic or (f)
Supersonic. Assume k = 1.4.

13. A supersonic flow at Mach 3.0 is to be slowed down via a normal shock in a diverging
P Pe
channel. For the conditions shown on the fig. below, find P2 and
1 P1

14. Air expands from a storage tank through a C-D nozzle as shown below.

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4th Year Electro-Mechanical Engineering 01/15/2024

Under certain condition it is found that a normal shock exists in the diverging section of
the nozzle at an area equal to twice the throat area, with the exit area of the nozzle equal to
four times the throat area. Assuming isentropic flow except for shock waves that the air
behaves as a perfect gas with constant ˠ=1.4, and that the storage tank pressure and
temperature are 200 kPa and 300 K, determine the following:-
a) 𝐴∗ for flow from inlet to shock
b) 𝐴∗ for flow from shock to exit
c) Mach number at the nozzle exit plane
d) Stagnation pressure at nozzle exit plane
e) Exit static pressure.
f) Exit plane velocity.