Media Information Literacy Quarter 2 Reviewer

Presentation 1:
⁠♡ Types of Intellectual Property (Ip)
1. Copyright - a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and
artistic works. Works covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture and
films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps and technical drawings.

Republic Act 8293 - Intellectual Property Code Of The Philippines

Copyright — Validity Period
● Literary Works — During the lifetime of the author + 50 years after death
● Art — 25 years from the date of creation
● Photographic Work — 50 years from publication
● Audio-Visual Work — 50 years from publication
● Sound Recording — 50 years from year recording took place
● Broadcasting Recording — 20 years from date of broadcast
● Trademark — Valid for 10 years and may be renewed for a periods of 10 years
● Invention Patent — Valid for 20 years from filing date application

2. Patent - a patent grants exclusive rights for an invention, allowing the owner to control its use. In
return, technical details are made public through a published patent document.
3. Trademark (™️) - a trademark is a distinctive sign separating goods or services of different
businesses, with historical origins in craftsmen marking their products. "TM" indicates common
law rights without registration, while "®" is used for registered trademarks.
4. Industrial Design - only protects the appearance or aesthetic features but does not protect the
technical or functional features of a product
5. Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin - signs used on goods that have a
specific geographical origin and possess qualities, a reputation or characteristics that are
essentially attributable to that place of origin. Most commonly, a geographical indication includes
the name of the place of origin of the goods. (example: Philippine dried mango)

⁠ Fair Use - the ability to use copyrighted material without a license only for certain purposes. These
♡
include:
a. Commentary
b. Criticism
c. Reporting
d. Research
e. Teaching

Guidelines for Fair Use

a. A majority of the content you create must be your own.
b. Give credit to the copyright holder.
c. Don't make money off of the copyrighted work.

⁠ CREATIVE COMMONS - an American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of

♡
creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share. The organization has released
several copyright-licenses known as Creative Commons licenses free of charge to the public.
 a. Attribution: You must credit the creator.
b. Non-Commercial: You can't make a profit.
c. No Derivative Works: You can't change the content.
d. Share Alike: You can change the content, but you have to let other people use your new work
with the same license as the original.

Presentation 2:
♡ Key Principles with Elements of Digital Citizenship
1. Respect Yourself/ Respect Others
2. Digital Etiquette
3. Digital Access
4. Educate Yourself/ Connect with Others
5. Digital Law
6. Digital Literacy
7. Digital Communication Digital Commerce
8. Protect Yourself/ Protect Others
9. Digital Rights and Responsibility Digital Safety (Security)
10. Digital Health and Welfare

♡ Netiquette - the set of rules you need to follow when behaving online
Set of Rules of Netiquette
1. Remember the Human
2. Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life
3. Know where you are in cyberspace
4. Respect other people's time and bandwidth
5. Make yourself look good online
6. Share expert knowledge
7. Help keep flame wars under control
8. Respect other people's privacy
9. Don't abuse your power
10. Be forgiving of other people's mistakes

♡ Digital Footprint - a trail of data you create when using the internet. It includes the websites you visit,
emails you send, and information you submit to online services.

Presentation 3: Plagiarism
♡ Plagiarism - It is the act of using another person's words or ideas without giving credit to that person
- The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
● Sources Not Cited
1. The Ghost Writer— The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own.
2. The Photocopy — Copying text directly from one source without making any changes.
 3. The Potluck Paper — Combining information from multiple sources, adjusting sentences
to fit together, while preserving much of the original wording.
4. The Poor Disguise — Making minor changes to the appearance of the paper by altering
key words and phrases.
5. The Labor of Laziness — The writer puts effort into paraphrasing content from various
sources and seamlessly integrating it into the paper.
6. The Self-stealer — The writer extensively borrows from their own previous work for the
current paper.

● Sources Cited (But Still Plagiarized)

1. The Forgotten Footnote — The writer mentions a source but fails to provide specific
information about where to find the referenced material.
2. The Misinformer — The writer includes inaccurate information about sources, making it
impossible to verify or locate them.
3. The Too-perfect Paraphrase — proper citation is done, but the writer fails to use
quotation marks for copied or closely paraphrased text.
4. The Resourceful Citer — All sources are correctly cited with appropriate paraphrasing
and quotations, but the paper lacks significant original content.
5. The Perfect Crime — The writer correctly quotes and cites sources in some sections but
paraphrases others without proper citation, potentially leading to unnoticed plagiarism.

♡ What About Images, Videos, and Music?

Without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation, the following are considered
plagiarism:
● Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or
websites.
● Making a video using footage from others' videos or using copyrighted music as part of the
soundtrack.
● Without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation, the following are
considered

Plagiarism:
● Performing another person's copyrighted music i.e., playing a cover).
● Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition.

Presentation 4: Cybercrime
♡ Media
- Media, the plural of medium
- encompasses communication tools like newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, and the internet,
influencing people widely by disseminating news, entertainment, education, data, and
promotional messages through various channels including broadcasting and narrowcasting
mediums.

♡ Cybercrime (aka computer crime)

- the use of a computer as an instrument to further illegal ends
- criminal activity or a crime that involves the Internet, a computer systém, or computer technology
♡ Information graphics or Infographics
- graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge intended to present information
quickly and clearly.
- It allows viewers to quickly grasp the essential insights the data contains

Presentation 5:
♡ Ubiquitous Learning - learning at any time, at any place

♡ The main characteristics of ubiquitous learning are:

● Permanency - Learning materials are always available unless purposely deleted.
● Accessibility - Access from everywhere as personally required
● Immediacy - Wherever a student is, he/she can immediately access learning materials.
● Interactivity - Online collaboration with teachers and/or peers (chat/blogs/forums)
● Situated instructional Activities - Learning in context (on-site).
● Adaptability - Getting the right information at the right place for the right student.

♡ A Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) - an internet-based course accessible for free or at a low
cost. While often modeled after university courses, most MOOCs don't provide college credit. Exceptions
exist, where some offer certificates through proficiency exams or collaborate with traditional online
programs for credit courses.

Presentation 6: People Media

♡ People Media - a person that are involved in the use, analysis, evaluation and production of media and
information.

♡ People as Media
1. Opinion Leaders
- extensively engaged with media, provide meaningful interpretations of messages for
less-exposed media users.
- Their opinions carry influence within a group.

The two step flow communication model (1944) by Paul

Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet

Step 1: a mass media is sent to those who pay close

attention to it
Step 2: the opinion leaders spread their own
interpretations of the media content to those around
them

2. Citizen Journalism - People without professional journalism training can use the tools of modern
technology and internet to create, augment or fact- check media on their own or in collaboration
with others.
 3. Social Journalism - Journalists are using social media to make their content available to more
people.
4. Crowdsourcing - the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting
contributions from a large group of people and especially from the online community (example:
tripadvisor. Relies on the opinions and reviews of its members to provide information to the
people)

♡ People in Media - media practitioners that provide information coming from their expert knowledge or
first-hand experience of events

♡ TYPES OF JOURNALIST BY MEDIUM

1. Print Journalists
2. Photojournalists
3. Broadcast Journalists
4. Multimedia Journalist

Presentation 6:
TEXT - a simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether hand-written,
printed or displayed on-screen

♡ Types of Text and Common File Formats

● Hypertext — serve to link different electronic documents and enable users to jump from
one to other in a nonlinear way
● Plaintext or Unformatted Text — fixed sized characters having essentially the same
type of appearance
● Formatted Text — appearance can be changed using font parameters (bold, underline,
italic, font size, font color, etc.)

♡ Typeface
- also known as font, font type, or type, it denotes the representation or style of text in a digital format.
- typically composed of alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks, symbols, and other special characters.

♡ Types of Typefaces
● Serif
 ● Sans Serif
● Slab Serif
● Script
● Decorative

♡ Common File Formats

● TXT (text) — unformatted text document by an editor as notepad on Windows platform
● DOC (document) — a native format for storing documents created by MS Word, it
includes a robust set of formatting capabilities.
● RTF (Rich Text Format) — cross platform document exchange; default format for Mac
OS X's default editor TextEdit
● PDF (Portable Document Format) — developed by Adobe systems for cross platform
exchange of documents, supports image and graphics
● PS (PostScript) — a page description language used mainly for desktop publishing

Design Principles and Elements

1. Emphasis
● importance or value given to a part of the text-based content
● make the text bold, italicized, have a heavier weight, darken or lighten, enlarged

2. Appropriateness
● how fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific audience, purpose or event
● Times New Roman, Arial, Aharoni, Rockwell, Edwardian Script, Jokerman

3. Proximity
● how near or how far the text elements from each other
● when two things are closely related, bring them close together

4. Alignment
● how the text is positioned in the page
● left, center, right, or justified

5. Organization
● conscious effort to organize the different text elements in a page
● ensures that while some text elements are separated from each other, they are still
somehow connected with the rest of the elements in the page

6. Repetition
● consistency of elements
● unity of the entire design
● repeating some typefaces within the page

7. Contrast
● creates visual interest
● two elements are different from each other
● CONTRAST: TWO ELEMENTS ARE DIFFERENT
● white text on a dark background
● large font with a small font
 ● serif and sans serif
● thin elements with wide elements
● cool color and warm color

Presentation 7:
VISUAL DESIGN ELEMENTS
1. Visual media and information – materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers
and students use to formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis,
evaluation and production of visual images.

2. Types of visual media – photography, video, screenshots, infographics, data visualization

(charts and graphs), comic strips/cartoons, memes, visual note-taking, etc

3. Formally and informally produced visual media – visual media produced by formal
organizations such as schools, government, and established media/publishing outfits are
considered formally produced. Other visual media are considered informally produced.

♡ Purpose of visual information – the primary purpose of visual information is to gain attention, create
meaning, and facilitate retention.

♡ Common Visual Media File Types

1. JPEG - a highly web-friendly image format, ideal for keeping file sizes small, especially for online
uploads. It is suitable when a slight compromise in image quality is acceptable.

2. GIF — while having small file sizes and fast loading, it is the least preferred choice for web graphics,
animation, and clip art due to its lower quality. It is suggested for use primarily in animation effects and
clip art.

3. TIFF — it is the top choice for print graphics among professionals due to its exceptional handling of
CMYK and YCbCr color, and its ability to store high pixel intensity, making it the preferred option for
designers, photographers, and publishers.

4. PNG — excellent for web graphics, especially for keeping sizes small while preserving image quality. It
is recommended for use when transparency is desired.

5. BMP — suitable for print graphics, are large and uncompressed, offering rich color and high quality.
They are simple, compatible with all Windows OS and programs, and also known as raster or paint
images.

♡ Element of Visual Design

1. Line
► describes a shape or outline create texture and can be thick or thin
► may be actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines

2. Shape
► a geometric or organic area that stands out from the space next to or around it, or because of
differences in value, color, or texture

3. Value
► the degree of light and dark in a design
► contrast between black and white and all the tones in between

4. Texture
► way a surface feels or is perceived to feel
► illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling of smoothness or roughness in objects

5. Color
► determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity of the hue), and value (lightness or darkness of
hue)
► used for emphasis, or may elicit emotions from viewers

6. Form
► a figure having volume and thickness
► an illusion of a 3-dimensional object can be implied with the use of light and shading

⚠️
►can be viewed from many angle
Form is a shape in three dimensional

Presentation 8:
♡ Visual Design Principles
1. Consistency
► Consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle, and colors is necessary, especially in slide presentations
or documents that are more than one page.

2. Center of Interest
► an area that first attracts attention in a composition
► important objects or elements in a composition
► can be achieved by contrast of values, more colors, and placement

3. Balance
► visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc.
► can be symmetrical and evenly balanced, or asymmetrical and unevenly balanced

4. Harmony
► brings together a composition with similar units
► notice how similar harmony is to unity (some sources list both terms)

5. Contrast
► offers some change in value creating a visual discord in a composition
► shows the difference between shapes and can be used as a background to bring objects out and
forward in a design
► can also be used to create an area of emphasis
6. Directional movement
► a visual flow through the composition
► can be the suggestion of motion in a design as you move from object to object by way of placement
and position

7. Rhythm
► a movement in which some elements recur regularly
► like a dance, it will have a flow of objects that will seem to be like the beat of music

8. Perspective
► created through the arrangement of objects in two dimensional space to look like they appear in real
life
► learned meaning of the relationship between different objects seen in space

9. Dominance
► gives interest, counteracting confusion and monotony
► can be applied to one or more of the elements to give emphasis