>L nlntk'/ lhNnf cbfntdf k]z u/]sf]

lgj]bgkq
ljifo M cGtl/d cfb]z ;lxtsf] lgif]wf1f hf/L u/L kfpF .
uf]N5] l;/dfnL ldhf/sf] a'xf/L sfG5f aonsf]6Lsf] 5f]/l
n=k'=lh= O{df8f]n uf=la=;= j8f g= ^ sf] kl/jlt{t
lgj]bs
n=k'=lh dxfnIdL g=kf= j8f g= ! a:g] jif{ ^@ sL gfgL
jfbL
l;/dfnL
ldhf/===================================
=================!
uf]N5] l;/dfnLsf] gftL Zofdx/L >LdfnLsf] 5f]/f P] P]
a:g] jif{ ## sf dfwa >LdfnL]======! dfwa >LdfnLsf]
kTgL P] P] a:g] jif{ #@ sL ;'lgtf dfhfsf]6L >LdfnL u/L
hgf # sf] jf/]; sf=lh= 6f]vf g=kf= j8f g= ! a:g] jif{ @%
sf ;'\zfGt la8f/L
=======================================
==============!
lj?4
nlntk'/ lhNnf ;flas n=k'=d=g=kf= j8f g= !% n=k'=d=g=kf= ljkIfL
j8f g= !( s'df/Lkf6L df cjl:yt btf{ g+= *!$⁄)^&–)^&–)^* sf] ln=h=jf
Kofg g+= ^))&!)^$@ sf] ;'lk|d art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf nf
lnld6]8
=====================================!
d'2f M lgif]wf1f
xfdL lga]bsx? Gofo k|zf;g P]g @)&# sf] bkmf & lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL @)&%
lgod #* d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtf @)&$ sf] bkmf (, !! g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg @)&@ sf]
wf/f !%!, !&,!^,@),@@,@%,@&,@* / #* ;d]tsf cfwf/df k|:t't lga]bg
btf{ ug{ cfPsf 5f}+ . lgDg lnlvt cfwf/ / sf/0fx?sf cfwf/df cGtl/d cfb]z ;lxt
lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpF .
!= xfdL lga]bsx? Psf3/sf ;b:ox? xf}+ . lakIfL ;+:yf ;+u xfdL lga]bs dWo]sL
gfgL l;/dfnLsf] gfpFdf Psnf}6L btf{ >]:tf sfod /x]sf] nlntk'/ lhNnf ;flas
O{df8f]n ^ sf] ls=g= @^# sf] If]=km= !@&=@) a=sL hUuf / ;f]df lgld{t
3/ ;'/If0f jfkt /fvL ldlt @)&&⁄!!⁄!( df xfdL lga]bs dWo]sL gflg l;/dfnLsf]
gfpFdf %),))))).– -krf; nfv_ / lga]bs dWo]sf dfwa >LdfnLsf]
gfpFdf !,))))))).– -Ps s/f]8_ u/L hDdf /sd ?= !,%),))))).– -Ps s/f]8 krf; nfv_
pNn]lvt 3/ hUufsf] b[i6LaGwsL kfl/t u/L hfl/ ul/Psf] lyof] . ldlt @)&(⁄)#⁄!^
df yk C0fsf] clkn u/]sf]df lakIfL ;+:yfn] ;f]xL ls=g+= sf] 3/
hUufnfO{ g} ;'/If0f sfod ul/ ?= #%,))))).– -k}lt; nfv_ C0f hf/L ePsf]
lyof] . o;/L lakIfL ;+:yf ;+u k6s k6s u/L hDdf Psd'i6 /sd ?= !,*%,))))).– -
Ps s/f]8 krf;L nfv_ shf{ Aoj;foLs k|of]hgsf] nfuL hf/L ePsf] lyof] .
@= o;/L hf/L ePsf] C0f laleGg Aoj;foLs If]qdf nufgL u/L lakIfL ;
+:yfnfO{ hf/L u/]sf] /sd ltg]{ a'emfpg] xfd|f] dg;fo lyof] t/ pQm C0f hf/L
ePsf] ;do af6 Aoj;foLs l:ytL lgs} w/f;oL aGb} uPsf] 5 . covid 19 sf] ;
+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yf x'Fb} cfhsf] ;do ;Dd klg Aoj;fon] no lng ;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g .
xfdL h:tf dem\of}nf Aofkf/L hf] @⁄$ k};f sdfo/ b]zsf] cfly{s pGgtLsf ;fy}
cfkm\gf] pGgtLdf klg 6]jf k'¥oFfp eGg] p2]ZonfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ Aoj;foLs
shf{ lng]] Aoj;foLsf] xfnt t emg} sxfnLnfUbf] ag]sf] 5 . of] ;a cj:yf x'Fbf
x'Fb} klg lakIfL ;+:yfk|ltsf] cfkm\gf] bfloTjdf slQklg lad'v geO{ cfkm'n]
;s]sf] /sd laleGg] ldltdf a}+s dfkm{t ?= $,!@,))).– -rf/ nfv afx| xhf/_ / ;
+:yfdf gub} ul/ hDdf ?= ^,%),)))).– ldlt ========= b]lv xfn ;Dd bflvnf
ul/;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do pQm C0fs} nfuL /sd hf]8\g xfdL efubf}8
ul//x]sf 5f}+ . lakIfL ;+:yfn] xfdLn] hDdf u/]sf] pNn]lvt /sd g t xfd|f] C0f
jfktsf] /sddf 36fPsf] b]lvof] g t xfd|f] Aofh afktsf] /sddf . lakIfL ;+:yfsf] xfdL
lga]bsx? z]o/ ;b:o eO{ cfkm\gf] art vftfdf ;d]t /sd df}Hbft ub}{} cfPsf
5f}+ . xfdLn] ;+:yfnfO{ xfd|f] c;n lalQo ;f/yL dfgL sf/f]jf/df laZjf; dfGb}
cfPsf] cj:yfdf PSsf;L @)&(⁄!)⁄!& ut] xfdLnfO{ ;+:yfjf6 ldlt @)&(⁄!)⁄!^ ut]
xfd|f gfpFdf cGgk"0f{ /fli6o b}lgsdf hf/L ul/Psf] #% lbg] ;'rgfsf] klqsfsf]
sl6Ë ;lxt k|fKt eof] . To;kZrft ldlt @)&(⁄!!⁄@( df ;f]xL cg'?ksf]
lnnfdL ;'rgf ;lxtsf] kq k|fKt eof] pQm ;'rgfdf lnnfdLsf] ldlt @)*)⁄)!⁄)$ ls6fg
ul/Psf] lyof] t/ pQm ldltdf lnnfdLsf] nfuL ;+:yfs} k|s[ofut s'/fn] /f]lsPsf]
cj:yf lyof] / xfdL klg /sd Aoj:yfkgdf hf]8bf/ tj/jf6 nflu/x]sf lyof}+ . ;+:yf ;+u
df}lvs ?kdf xfdLn] of] k|s[of /flslbg'xf];\ xfdLnfO{ s]xL ;do lbg'xf]; elg cg'go
ubf{ ;+:yfn] ;sf/fTds k|ltlqmof lbPsf] lyof] t/ ldlt @)*)⁄)@⁄)& df
lnnfdL ;DaGwL ;'rgf k"g k|sfzg ul/Psf] /x]5, h'g kqdf lnnfdL x'g] ldlt
@)*)⁄)@⁄@$ pNn]lvt /x]5 . ldlt @)*)⁄)#⁄)# ut] rf}yf] k6s !% lbg] cToGt
h?/L ;'rgf k|sfzg u/L lnnfdLsf] ;do ldlt @)*)⁄)#⁄!* ls6fg ePsf] /x]5 . pNn]lvt
kl5Nnf] @ ;'rgf k|sfzg ePsf] hfgsf/L xfdLn] ldlt @)*)⁄)#⁄)* df dfq kfPsf lyof}
+ . o;/L xfdLnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] df}lvs hfgsf/Lg}
glbO{ PsfTds / :j]R5frf/L tj/jf6 laleGg sfg'gL k|k~r /r]/ xfd|f] ;'/If0f
jfkt /flvPsf] 3/ hUuf ;'lgof]lht of]hgf agfO{ x8Kg vf]h]sf] cfz+sf laBdfg x'g
hfG5 .
#= lakIfL ;+:yf;+u klxnf] kq hf/L x'g'eGbf dfq & -;ft_ dlxgf cuf8L
cfk;L ;xdtLd} C0f yk ul/Psf] lyof] . xfdLn] xfd|f] Aoj;foLs hl6ntfsf] af/]df
/fd|f] laa]rgf u/]kZrft df}lvs ?kdf Aoj;foLs no ldNgf;fy ltg'{xf]nf egL lakIfL ;
+:yfjf6 cf1f ePsf]df xfdLn] To; kZrft ;+:yfnfO{ k6s k6s /sd ltb}{ a'emfFpb}
cfPsf 5f}+ . s]xL ;dodf xfdL ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd ltg]{ a'emfpg] s'/fdf klg
laZj:t 5f}+ . lakIfL ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] dfq} nfe x]/]/ xfd|f] df}lns xsdf g} cf3ft
k'Ug] lsl;dsf lqmofsnfk ug'{ ePsf] 5 . lagf s'g} k"a{ hfgsf/L lagf s'g} ;/;Nnfx
o;/L cfkm\gf] ;+:yfut ;d[4Lsf] nfuL xfd|f] df}lns xsdf k|xf/ ug'{ ;lx
xf]O{g .
$= ;xsf/L ;+:yf eg]sf] 5l/Psf] k'lhnfO{ Plss[t u/L cfkm\gf ;b:ox?
nfO{ nuflgsf nfuL ;f}xfb{k"0f{ jftfj/0f >Lhgf ug]{ ;+:yf xf] . o:tf] ;fa{hlgs
lz4fGtn] rNg] ;+:yfn] xfdLnfO{ cGofo u/]sf] s'/f ;j{k|yd t kf|s[lts Gofosf]
lz4fGt cGtu{tsf] -Theory of Hearing_ lakl/t 5 . s'g} klg lg0f{o ubf{
sf/0fo'Qm lg0f{o -Reasoned discision_ x'g'kg]{df Tof] klg b]lvb}g . /sd vfP/
krfpg] efUg] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] xfd|f] ;f]r 5}g . ePsf] /sd hDdf ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ /
s]xL ;dodf ;a} /sd Psd'i6 ltg]{ k|lta4tf ;d]t hfx]/ ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . lakIfL ;
+:yfn] ;xsf/L P]g @)&$ sf] bkmf @$ cGtu{tsf] jfSof+zsf] lakl/t clenfzf
af]sL xfdLnfO{ 3/af/ lalxg agfpg] sn'lift dgf]efjgfn] u|l;t eO{ rfn]sf] sbdn]
xfdLnfO{ lgs} 7'nf] dfgl;s oftgf kg{ uPsf]n] cGo lasNksf] cefadf Gofofno
k|a]z u/]sf 5f}+ . b]jfgL bfloTjsf] af/]df xfdLnfO{ klg yfxf 5, Tof] bfloTj
xfdL kl/k'tL{ ug{ k|of;/tg} 5f}+ .
%+ ;xsf/L P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf &(-!_ df s'g} ;b:on] ;xsf/L ;+:yf;Fu u/]sf]
C0f ;Demf}tf jf zt{ sa'lnotgfdf kfngf gu/]df lnvtsf] efvf leq C0fsf] ;fFjf
Aofh / xh{gf r'Qmf gu/]df jf C0f lnPsf] /sd ;DjlGwt sfddf gnufO{ lxgfldgf
u/]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf] ;b:on] C0f ln+bf /fv]sf] lwtf]nfO{ ;DalGwt ;xsf/L ;
+:yfn] lnnfd laqmL u/L jf cGo s'g} Aoj:yf u/L cfkm\gf] ;fFjf Aofh xh{gf c;'n
pk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 elg pNn]v ePsf] 5 . o;/L ug{ ;Sg]5 eGg'sf] cy{ ug'{kg]{ plrt
sf/0f x]/L plrt cfwf/ / sf/0fjf6 jfG5gLo / Gofo;Fut eP dfq} ug'{ eGg] xf] .
c?sf] ;DklQ lnnfd ug]{ sfo{ :j]R5frf/L tl/sfn] ug'{ eg]sf] sbfkL xf]O{g .
o;/L sfg'gsf] lalwjt AofVof ga'emL xfdL ;f]hf] dfG5]sf] ;DklQ
hfn;femLo'Qm tj/jf6 x8Kg vf]Hg] lakIfLsf] of]hgf oy]i6 ?kdf k|df0fLt x'g
hfG5 . xfd|f] /sd krfpg] lgot xf]O{g plrt ;dosf] dfq cfjZos k/]sf] xf] .
^= lakIfL ;+:yfn] xfd|f pk/ s'g} klg hfgsf/L ;lx tj/jf6 ;+k|]if0f gu/L dflysf k|
s/0fx?df pNn]v u/]adf]lhd xfd|f] df}lns xs s'07Lt u/]sf] k|i6 5 . dfyL laa]lrt
3/ hUufsf] lnnfdL x'g] cfz+sf laBdfg ePsf]n] ljkIfL ;+:yfnfO{ ;f] sbd
tTsfn gug'{ gu/fpg' egL xfdLx?sf] gful/s xs Pa+ ;fDkQLs clwsf/ Pa+ cfjf;
;DaGwL clwsf/ /Iff ug'{ egL lakIfLx?sf gfpFdf d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtf @)&$
sf] bkmf @^-%_ adf]lhd lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/ kfpF . ;fy} k|:t't
lga]bgkqsf] sfjf{xL clGtd gx'Fb} xfdL pk/ lakIfL ;+:yfn] dfyL pNn]v eP
adf]lhdsf] xfd|f] xs Pa+ cfjf;sf] ckx/0f ug]{ k|an ;Defjgf ePsfn] of] lga]bg
larf/flwg /x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf u}/GofoLs sfo{ gug{ gu/fpg cGt/Ld cfb]z
hf/L ul/ Gofo kfpF .
&= lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL @)&% sf] lgod $) adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ o;} ;fy 5 .
*= o; laifodf of] eGbf cuf8L slx+ st} ph'/ jfh'/ u/]sf] 5}g .
(= k|df0f sfuhft
-s_ xfdL lga]bsx?sf] z]o/ ;b:otfsf] 5fFofskL .
-v_ lakIfL ;+:yfn] laleGg ldltdf xfd|f gfpFdf hf/L u/]sf] ;'rgf kq .
-u_ b[li6aGwsL lnvtsf] 5fFofskL .
-3_ lakIfL ;+:yfdf laleGg ldltdf bflvnf u/]sf] /sdsf] /l;bx?sf] 5fFofskL .
-ª_ gful/stfsf] k|ltlnkL .
 o;df n]lvPsf] Aoxf]/f l7s ;fFrf] 5, em'¶f 7x/] sfg'g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf
a'emfpnf .
lgj]bs
lgh= jf=;'zfGt
la8f/L
Olt ;Djt @)*) ;fn c;f/ dlxgf !@ ut] /f]h # z'ed\
========================================.