URBS 300/4 AA Neighbourhood and Community Planning (3 credits).

Term: Winter 2024 Prerequisite: GEOG 220 or URBS 230

Class time: Mondays and Wednesdays 10:15– 11:30hrs

Class room: LS 107 SGW
1535 Blvd. De Maisonneuve Ouest
Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M9

Instructor: Silvano De La Llata, PhD Office: ER1440.13

Geography Planning and Environment
www.citiesxcitizens.com

E-mail: silvano.delallata@concordia.ca Phone: 514-848-2424 ext. 7316

Office hours: F 10:00 – 12:00 Hrs.

IMPORTANT DATES
Last day to register: Monday, January 29th, 2024
Last day to withdraw (refund): Monday, January 29th, 2024
Last day to discontinue (no
Wednesday April 17th, 2024
refund):
Last day of in-class testing: Monday, April 15th, 2024
Final exams: April 18th-May 1st, 2024
Travel arrangements should not be made prior to the posting of the final Exam Schedule.

Course Description: URBS 300 Neighbourhood and Community Planning (3 credits). This course examines
theories, issues, and techniques of community-level planning in urban and suburban environments. Particular
place-based or identity-based communities and their participation in planning processes are considered. Models of
community change and local development are reviewed, along with the policies and supportive infrastructure in
cities, including Montreal. Local governance, decision-making, and public participation are considered in light of
municipal and regional institutions which currently predominate in Canada’s metropolitan areas.

INSTRUCTOR’S CONTENT
Grading System (Undergraduate calendar 16.3)

At the end of each course, the instructor will submit a letter grade for every student registered. Using the grade point
equivalents listed below, grade point averages (GPA) are calculated for the evaluation of academic achievement,
honours standing, prizes and academic standing. The numerical marking system, (which at Concordia is at the
discretion of individual instructors/programs) applied in this course is as follows:

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 Marks Grade Grade Marks Grade Marks Grade
Grade Grade Marks Grade Grade
Points Points Points Points

Marginal Pass
Outstanding

Satisfactory
90-100 B+ 77-79.9 3.30 C+ 67-69.9 2.30 D+ 57-59.9 1.30

Very Good
A+ 4.30
A 85-89.9 4.00 B 73-76.9 3.00 C 63-66.9 2.00 D 53-56.9 1.00

A- 80-84.9 3.70 B- 70-72.9 2.70 C- 60-62.9 1.70 D- 50-52.9 0.70

F, FNS 20-49.9 0 Poor - Failure R 0-19.9 0 Very Poor - Failure
NR 0 Grade Not Reported GRADING SYSTEM

Please note that for 200 level courses, instructors in the Department of Geography, Planning and Environment reserve
the right to adjust the final reported grades so that under normal circumstances no more than 25% of students
registered in a course receive an outstanding grade (A-, A, A+).

Students should be aware of the following university regulations (see Undergraduate Calendar for complete
details).

• Late Completion of courses with “INC” notations – Procedures and Regulations (Undergraduate
Calendar 16.3.6)
• Academic Re-evaluation (Undergraduate Calendar 16.3.9)
• Degree Requirements for BA, BSc, BEd – 24 credit rule and general education requirements for students
in degree programs offered by Faculty of Arts & Science (Undergraduate Calendar 31.003)

Cancellation of Classes

If no class cancellation notice is posted on the classroom door, classes are officially considered cancelled if an
instructor is 15 minutes late for a 50-minute class, 20 minutes late for a 75-minute class, or 30 minutes late for longer
classes.

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY:
Academic integrity means that every student must be honest and accurate in their work. The Academic Code of
Conduct includes rules and regulations students must follow. Unacceptable practices include the following

• Copy from ANYWHERE without saying from where it came.

• Omit quotation marks for direct quotations.
• Let another student copy your work and then submit it as his/her own.
• Hand in the same assignment in more than one class without permission.
• Have unauthorized material in an exam, such as cheat sheets, or crib notes. YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE
CAUGHT USING THEM - JUST HAVING THEM WILL GET YOU INTO TROUBLE!
• Copy from someone else's exam.
• Communicate with another student during an exam by talking or using some form of signals.

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 • Add or remove pages from an examination booklet or take the booklet out of an exam room.
• Get hold of or steal an exam or assignment answers or questions.
• Write a test or exam for someone else or have someone write it for you.
• Hand in false documents such as medical notes, transcript or record.
• Falsify data or research results.

PLAGIARISM: The most common offense under the Academic Code of Conduct (see link below) is plagiarism, which
the Code defines as "the presentation of the work of another person as one's own or without proper
acknowledgement."

This could be material copied word for word from books, journals, internet sites, professor's course notes, etc.
It could be material that is paraphrased but closely resembles the original source. It could be the work of a
fellow student, such as an answer on a quiz, data for a lab report, or a paper or assignment completed by
another student. It could be a paper purchased through one of the many available sources. Plagiarism does not
refer to words alone. It can also refer to copying images, graphs, tables, and ideas. Plagiarism is not limited to
written work. It also applies to oral presentations, computer assignments and artistic works. Finally, if you
translate the work of another person into French or English and do not cite the source, this is also plagiarism. In
simple words: DO NOT COPY, PARAPHRASE OR TRANSLATE ANYTHING FROM ANYWHERE WITHOUT
SAYING FROM WHERE YOU OBTAINED IT!

Take care to inform yourself of the rules, regulations and expectations for academic integrity.

Expectations for Student Participation

The student is expected to actively participate in the class. There will be time at the end of each
presentation dedicated to discuss the readings and course material. During this section, you are
encouraged to analyze the subjects, theories and case studies discussed in the syllabus and reflect about
the implications and applications in the professional world.

You are also expected to actively participate in the group presentations towards the end of the course.
This will animate the discussions and presentations and will help understand the material better. This
form of participation is evaluated.

Participation is intended to be productive and proactive. Reflect, think and analyze the topics discussed
in class. Be curious and genuinely interest yourself in the issues discussed. The class is a space of mutual
respect. Any form of violence, attacks, callouts and bullying will not be tolerated. Listen to others and
treat others as you would like to be treated.

Communication & emails

Students are asked to make sure their email address is updated on Moodle. The student should consult
Moodle regularly and ensure that their email on file is up-to-date in order to receive messages. When
Whenever writing emails and messages between students, the professor and the teaching assistants
proper correspondence etiquette (i.e. formal address, professional language and polite tone) should be

3
used at all times. Sarcasm, rhetorical questions and the similar are unacceptable in the academic and
professional domain.

Student resources:

List of Student Services

Academic Code of http://www.concordia.ca/academics/undergraduate/calendar/current/17-
Conduct 10.html
Academic Integrity http://www.concordia.ca/students/academic-integrity
Access Centre for
Students with https://www.concordia.ca/offices/acsd
Disabilities (ACSD)
Advocacy and http://www.concordia.ca/offices/advocacy
Support Services
Campus Services http://www.concordia.ca/students/campus-services
Conduct on Campus http://www.concordia.ca/students/campus-services/conduct
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Services
Counselling and Life
Skills http://www.concordia.ca/students/counselling-life-skills

Dean of Students’
Office http://www.concordia.ca/offices/dean-students

Financial Aid &

Awards Office http://www.concordia.ca/offices/faao
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 COURSE SYLLABUS*

URBS 300
COMMUNITY AND NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
(Prerequisite: GEOG 220 or URBS 230)
Syllabus Winter 2024
Mon and Wed 10:15 – 11:30 hrs
Instructor: Silvano De la Llata, PhD
Office Hours: F 10:00 – 12:00 PM
or by appointment: silvano.delallata@concordia.ca
TAs: Theo Page-Robert: theo.pagerobert@concordia.ca
Vattharya Ker: vattharya.ker@concordia.ca

I. Course Overview

This course focuses on the study of the history, theories, approaches and methods for community and
neighbourhood planning. It particularly focuses on the relationship between the built environment and
human interaction in the creation of communities. The course looks at community engagement and
planning broadly. That is to say, it does not only focuses on normative and institutional planning, but
rather in any process that ultimately shapes the city. Therefore, it goes beyond urban planning to explore
the notion of citymaking. More particularly, it focuses on understanding the agency of ordinary citizens
in citymaking and community building processes.

*
This course syllabus is subject to changes due to weather conditions and public health restrictions.

5
The course is divided into two parts:

1. History of Community Planning and Urban Communities – During the first part of the course, we
will analyze the historical development of neighbourhoods, communities and the city in general.
The objective is to understand how community-engagement processes develop and materialize in
the built environment.

2. Community Planning Theories and Methods – In the second part of the course, we will cover
the main methods, approaches and schools of community planning.

Each class is divided into two main sections:

3. Theory and History – The first section of each class will concentrate in understanding the key
theoretical concepts that inform the topic of the week. It will also be used to present the concepts
featured in the readings. As well, it will look at the application of theory in historical examples as
well as historical evidence of how people used and planned their communities.

4. Case studies – The second section of the course will be used to present and analyze present case
studies to reflect about the readings, theory and history of neighbourhood and communities.

II. Learning Objectives

1. The student will be able to understand the relationship between the built environment and human
activity and the role this plays in community/neighbourhood building

2. The student will be able to understand identify the theories, ideas and ideologies behind different
planning approaches as well as in communities and neighbourhoods.

3. The student will understand the different levels and forms of citizen participation and community
involvement and how they play out in citymaking.

4. The student will understand communities as complex, multiscalar and multidimensional processes,
beyond the built environment and beyond institutional planning.

GRADING PERCENTAGES

1. Report on film (take-home) 5%

2. Assignment 1: Comparative analysis of the CNU and Athens Charters (Individual) 20%
3. Midterm Exam 20%
4. Assignment 2: Presentations and Research Reports (Group Assignment) 25%
5. Active participation in debates and presentations 5%
6. Final Exam 25%
TOTAL 100%

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NOTE ON GRADING: Grades for all assignments have to be earned incrementally. That is, the grading does not
begin from the highest, but from the lowest and augments each time good, creative and clear interventions and
participation happens.

NOTE ON LATE DELIVERIES: All assignments are due in the times and dates specified in the syllabus. Late
assignments will be docked points – after the first hour 5% (i.e. delivered after 10:15), 25% the day after (i.e.
after midnight of the due day), 50% the second day, and so on until 100%.

III. Description of Assignments

1. REPORT ON FILM: THE PRUITT IGOE MYTH 5% (TAKE-HOME ASSIGNMENT)

DUE THE DAY AFTER THE SCREENING IN CLASS BY 11:59 Hrs ON WEEK 3 (01/30/2024).
The documentary, The Pruitt Igoe Myth (2012) will be screened on WEEK 3. Take notes during the
documentary and use them to fill out the questionnaire delivered at the beginning of the class. Note
that the same rules about copying and plagiarism applied to exams and deliverables will apply to
this exercise.

2. ASSIGNMENT 1: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CNU AND ATHENS CHARTERS

(INDIVIDUAL) 20%
DUE ON WEEK 5 (02/14/2024) IN CLASS AT 10:15 Hrs.

a) Read The Charter of Athens (1933) and The Charter of New Urbanism (1993), which will be
discussed in class, b) make a comparative table that stresses the differences between the two
charters, and c) identify the spatial, social, economic, legal, political and ideological implications of
these two documents. As well, d) find two neighbourhoods/communities (2 for each charter) that
were planned, designed and built based the ideas of each charter. Include at least 1 drawing for
each case (4 in total) that support your selection and in 5 bullet points (per case study, 20 in total)
explain why you think these communities are direct manifestations of each charter.

3. MIDTERM EXAM 20%

ON WEEK 7 (02/21/2024) at 10:15 Hrs.

4. ASSIGNMENT 2: PRESENTATION AND RESEARCH REPORT (GROUP ASSIGNMENT) 25%

DUE in Class From WEEK 8 (03/13/2024) to WEEK 13 (04/15/2024)

The second half of the course will focus on community planning methods and the different levels
of participation according to Arnstein’s (1969) Ladder of Citizen Participation and other sources.
In groups of 7 you will present on one topic from the following list: 1. Manipulation, 2. Therapy,
3. Informing, 4. Consultation, 5. Placation, 6. Partnership, 7. Delegated Power, 8. Citizen Control,
9. Insurgent Planning, or 10. Online Participation and E-Planning (The last two topics are not part
of Arnstein’s article). Based on the previously cited article and other sources, you will create a
presentation (20 minutes) and a research report (3000 words).

The presentation should analyze and explain the topic theoretically and with a case study. The
team will also “enact” the participation approach and engage the class using a hypothetical
example. For example, the team presenting on Manipulation, will present a planning project and
use a “manipulative” approach to convince the audience. The rest of the class is expected to
participate and play along (5% of the final grade is allocated to evaluate the participation in these
presentations). Each team is free to decide the most appropriate method to engage the audience.

7
 Clarity, correct use of the literature, presentation, representation, quality of the material and
creativity is evaluated.

The report should have a title and a subtitle, a 150-word abstract, (1) an introduction, (2) a
theoretical framework based on the pertinent literature, (3) a development of the case study that
illustrates the theory, (4) a discussion of the case study and the theory, and (5) a conclusion.
Include (6) a bibliography of at least 5 pieces at the end of the report.

The different themes will be presented in the following order in teams:

WEEK 8 (03/13/2024) – Team 1 (Manipulation)

WEEK 9 (03/18/2024) – Team 2 (Therapy)

(03/20/2024) – Team 3 (Information)

WEEK 10 (03/25/2024) – Team 4 (Consultation)

(03/27/2024) – Team 5 (Placation)

WEEK 11 (04/01/2024) – Team 6 (Partnership)

(04/03/2024) – Team 7 (Delegated Power)

WEEK 12 (04/08/2024) – Team 8 (Citizen Control)

(04/10/2024) – Team 9 (Insurgent Planning)

WEEK 13 (04/15/2024) – Team 10 (E-Planning)

5. PARTICIPATION IN DEBATES AND PRESENTATIONS 5%

6. FINAL EXAM 25%

Final exam will take place during the exams period (04/18/2024 – 05/01/2024) and will be
scheduled by The Concordia University’s Exams Office. Please do not schedule vacation travel
until after the date is official.

IMPORTANT NOTE: This syllabus can be expanded with detailed handouts about assignments
if it is deemed pertinent.
IV. Course Calendar

Assignments and/or Readings

Week Date Description
Due
WEEK 1 MONDAY INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE
(01/15/2024) 1. Introductions
2. The public and the community
3. What is a community? The commons
and the community

8
 4. The commons, the public, the polis
and the civitas.
5. Community, planning and
participation
6. Planning processes and outcomes
7. Brief introduction to community
planning history and theories.
8. Brief introduction to community
planning methods and approaches.
WEDNESDAY
• De la Llata, S. (2024), URBS
(01/17/2024)
1. Course Details, Syllabus, 300 – Neighbourhood and
Grading/Assignments, Logistics, Community Planning (Course
Calendar, Organization and Required Syllabus).
Textbooks/Readings.

WEEK 2 MONDAY PART I: HISTORY AND THEORIES OF Readings:

(01/22/2024) COMMUNITY PLANNING
Mass urbanization and its effects in
community planning
- UTOPIA
1. Supercommunities: The Sprit
Nouveau and the Rise of Modernist
Planning
2. The People and The City: Efficiency,
housing and the habitation unit.
• Congress Internationaux
d'Architecture moderne (CIAM),
La Charte d'Athenes or The
Athens Charter,
1933. Trans J.Tyrwhitt. Paris,
France: The Library of the
Graduate School of Design,
Harvard University,
1946. Link:
http://portal.uur.cz/pdf/charter-of-
athens-1933.pdf

- IMPLEMENTATION • The Charter of the Congress of

WEDNESDAY
- DYSTOPIA New Urbanism. Link:
(01/24/2024)
Case studies: La Ville Radieuse, https://www.cnu.org/who-we-
Broadacre City and Clarence Stein are/charter-new-urbanism
Suburbs.
Quick introduction to the CNU Charter
WEEK 3 MONDAY The Fall of Modernism and the Revival Readings
(01/29/2024) of the idea of community.
1. Small-town politics at the massive • Screening of Freiderichs, C.
scale. The Pruitt Igoe Myth
2. Urban flight and the rise of the (2012)(report due in class)
https://fod-infobase-com.lib-
suburb
ezproxy.concordia.ca/p_ViewVid
3. The housing project and the war on eo.aspx?xtid=66036
slums. REPORT-QUESTIONNAIRE
4. The collapse of the modernist ON FILM DUE THE DAY
paradigm AFTER THE SCREENING –
5. Urban renewal vs. the BY MIDNIGHT. TUESDAY
neighbourhood. (01/30/2024)

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 Case studies
Pruitt Igoe Complex

WEDNESDAY • Alexander, C. (1965). A city is

1. Revisiting human scale in
(01/31/2024)
communities
Challenging modernism: Jane Jacobs
and Christopher Alexander
Case studies
New York’s West Village
Pruitt Igoe Complex, Lafayette Park and
Nonoalco-Tlatelolco.
not a tree
• “Introduction” in Jacobs, J.
(2016). The death and life of
great American cities.
Vintage.Link:
https://www.buurtwijs.nl/sites/def
ault/files/buurtwijs/bestanden/jan
e_jacobs_the_death_and_life_of_
great_american.pdf

WEEK 4 MONDAY Contemporary Planning Theories, Readings:

(02/05/2024) Approaches and Methodologies •Fainstein, S. S. (2000). New
1. Communicative Planning directions in planning theory.
2. New Urbanism Urban affairs review, 35(4), 451-
3. The Just City 478
• The Charter of the Congress of
New Urbanism. Link:
https://www.cnu.org/who-we-
are/charter-new-urbanism

Placemaking, Pattern Language Readings:

WEDNESDAY
Planning and Tactical Planning
(02/07/2024)
1. Introduction to Placemaking
2. Pattern Language Planning and the
grammar of the timeless way of
building
3. Tactical vs. Strategic planning
Case studies: The Oregon Experiment,
Curitiba
WEEK 5 MONDAY Community Engagement and Planning
(02/12/2024) 1. Community engagement and
collaborative planning
Methods
2. Briefing workshops
3. Brainstorming sessions
4. Citizen Consultation
5. Community Workshops and
Charrettes
6. Co-design
7. Participatory budgets
8. Crowdfunding
9. E-planning
• What is placemaking? (Last
consulted in September 1, 2016)
in Project for Public Spaces,
pps.org.
http://www.pps.org/reference/wh
at_is_placemaking/
• “Chapter 1: The Timeless Way”
Alexander, C. (1979). The
timeless way of building (Vol. 1).
New York: Oxford University
Press. (pp. 1-16)
Readings:
• “PARTICIPATION” in Steiner,
F. R. (2006). Planning and urban
design standards. John Wiley &
Sons. (pp. 32-48)
• “Chapter 1: The Need for
Community Planning” in Hodge,
G., & Gordon, D. (2008).
Planning Canadian Communities.
Scarborough, Ontario (pp. 360-
382)

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 10. Mixed approaches
Cases
Montreal and Porto Allegre

Team Arrangement for Assignment 2 ASSIGNMENT 1 DUE in Class

WEDNESDAY Quick Introduction to the Ladder of at 10:15 Hrs.
(02/14/2024) Citizen Participation (Arnstein, 1969)

WEEK 6 MONDAY Recap and Review for the Exam

(02/19/2024) How to study for an exam?

WEDNESDAY MIDTERM EXAM In class at 10:15 Hrs.

(02/21/2024)

(02/26/2024 - MID-TERM BREAK WEEK

03/03/2024)

WEEK 7 MONDAY PART II – COMMUNITY PLANNING Readings:

(03/04/2024) THEORIES AND METHODS
(PLANNING PROCESS)
Planning and Citizen Participation
3. The Ladder of Participation
4. Participatory Planning and Design
5. Collaborative Planning
• Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder
of citizen participation. Journal of
the American Institute of
planners, 35(4), 216-224.

WEDNESDAY Readings:
Top-down vs. bottom-up approaches in
(03/06/2024) • Lane, M. B., & McDonald, G.
neighbourhood and community
(2005). Community-based
planning. environmental planning:
1. Hierarchy, competence and operational dilemmas, planning
expertise in planning principles and possible remedies.
2. Technical, technological and societal Journal of environmental
challenges to citizen participation planning and management,
48(5), 709-731.
WEEK 8 MONDAY Nonparticipation, Degrees of Readings:
(03/11/2024) Tokenism and Degrees of Citizen • Bowen, G. A. (2008). An
Control analysis of citizen participation in
1. The tension between participation anti-poverty programmes.
and knowledge Community development journal,
43(1), 65-78.
PRESENTATIONS AND
WEDNESDAY RESEARCH REPORTS TEAM 1
(03/13/2024) DUE in Class at 10:15 Hrs.
Presentation of Manipulation Team

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WEEK 9 MONDAY Presentation of Therapy Team PRESENTATIONS AND
(03/18/2024) RESEARCH REPORTS TEAM 2
DUE in Class at 10:15 Hrs.

Citizen Consultation and Transparency

in Planning
1. Uses and misuses of surveys,
interviews and census data.
2. Ethnographies, active photography
and life stories
3. Access to information and
knowledge in planning

WEDNESDAY Presentation of Informing Team PRESENTATIONS AND

(03/20/2024) RESEARCH REPORTS TEAM 3
DUE in Class at 10:15 Hrs.
WEEK 10 MONDAY Presentation of Consultation Team PRESENTATIONS AND
(03/25/2024) RESEARCH REPORTS TEAM 4
DUE in Class at 10:15 Hrs.
Partnerships, Delegated power and Readings:
Citizen Control. • Boonstra, B., & Boelens, L.
1. Coalitions, cooperative and strategic (2011). Self-organization in urban
alliances in planning development: towards a new
perspective on spatial planning.
2. Community design vs. design for
Urban Research & Practice, 4(2),
communities
99-122.
3. Autonomy and self-governed
communites

WEDNESDAY PRESENTATIONS AND

(03/27/2024) Presentation of Placation Team
RESEARCH REPORTS TEAM 5
DUE in Class at 10:15 Hrs.
WEEK 11 MONDAY Presentation of Partnership Team PRESENTATIONS AND
(04/01/2024) RESEARCH REPORTS TEAM 6
DUE in Class at 10:15 Hrs.

WEDNESDAY Presentation of Delegated Power Team PRESENTATIONS AND

(04/03/2024) RESEARCH REPORTS TEAM 7
DUE in Class at 10:15 Hrs.
WEEK 12 MONDAY Presentation of Citizen Control Team PRESENTATIONS AND
(04/08/2024) RESEARCH REPORTS TEAM 8
DUE in Class at 10:15 Hrs.

12
 Democracy and Citymaking: Insurgent
Citizenships and E-planning
1. Advocacy planning
2. Insurgent Planning
3. Radical Planning
4. E-planning and open-source design
Methods
Protest
Community organization
Anti-eviction movements
Occupation
Direct action
Readings:
• “Chapter 2 and Chapter 3”
Salingaros, N. A. (2010). P2P
Urbanism. Creative Commons
online report at:< http://zeta.
math. utsa. edu/~
yxk833/P2PURBANISM. pdf.
• Holston, J. (1998). Spaces of
insurgent citizenship. Making the
invisible visible: A multicultural
planning history, 2, 37-56.

WEDNESDAY Presentation of Insurgent Planning PRESENTATIONS AND

(04/10/2024) Team RESEARCH REPORTS TEAM 9
Democracy and Citymaking: Insurgent DUE in Class at 10:15 Hrs.
Citizenships and E-planning

Methods
Protest
Community organization
Anti-eviction movements
Occupation
Direct action
Case studies
Point Saint-Charles’ OPA, Brooklyn,
Barcelona’s FAVB
WEEK 13 MONDAY Presentation of E-Planning Team Team PRESENTATIONS AND
(04/15/2024) RESEARCH REPORTS TEAM
10 DUE in Class at 10:15 Hrs.
LESSONS, QUESTIONS AND
PROPOSALS
Recapitulation
1. The relationship between the built
environment and urban uses in the
creation of communities.
2. The evolution of communities and
neighbourhood throughout history
3. Can architecture and urbanism alone
create communities?
4. Do communities really need built
structures to sustain in history?
5. What is the role of the planner in
community-building processes?
6. Do citizen and grassroots planning
initiatives need planning institutions
and professionals?
Lessons

13
 1. Communities survive in time but not
(necessarily) in space
2. Planning is a process. Even planning
outcomes are stages of planning
processes.
Proposals
6. The planner as the facilitator
7. From Planning to City-making
BIBLIOGRAPHY

De la Llata, S. (2024), URBS 300 – Neighbourhood and Community Planning (Course Syllabus).

“Chapter 1: The Timeless Way” Alexander, C. (1979). The timeless way of building (Vol. 1). New York:
Oxford University Press. (pp. 1-16)

“Introduction” in Jacobs, J. (2016). The death and life of great American cities. Vintage.Link:
https://www.buurtwijs.nl/sites/default/files/buurtwijs/bestanden/jane_jacobs_the_death_and_life_of_great
_american.pdf

Congress Internationaux d'Architecture moderne (CIAM), La Charte d'Athenes or The Athens Charter,
1933. Trans J.Tyrwhitt. Paris, France: The Library of the Graduate School of Design, Harvard University,
1946. Link: http://portal.uur.cz/pdf/charter-of-athens-1933.pdf

Lamont, E. (2016), Le Chantier des possibles (film).

Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of planners,
35(4), 216-224.

Charter of the Congress of New Urbanism. Link: https://www.cnu.org/who-we-are/charter-new-urbanism

Fainstein, S. S. (2000). New directions in planning theory. Urban affairs review, 35(4), 451-478

Freidrichs, C (2012), The Pruitt Igoe Myth (documentary)

Holston, J. (1998). Spaces of insurgent citizenship. Making the invisible visible: A multicultural planning
history, 2, 37-56.

Alexander, C. (1965). A city is not a tree

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