BIOLOGY 102

INTRODUCTION TO
PHYCOLOGY

Patrick James F. Penales

University of the Philippines Baguio
 Outline

I. Phycology as a Science
II. General Characteristics of Algae
A. Types of Cells
B. Structure of the Algal Cell
C. Morphological and Ecological Diversity
General 1. Unicells
Characteristics

Types of Cells

Structure of the Algal Cell

Morph. and
Morph. and Ecol.
Ecol. Diversity
Diversity
Phacus

Euglena Micrasterias
General 2. Colonies
Characteristics • Assemblage of cells
• Three types:
a.Coenobic
Types of Cells
b.Non-coenobic
c.Linear
Structure of the Algal Cell

Morph. and
and Ecol.
Ecol. Diversity
Diversity A C
Morph.

A-B. Non-coenobic colonial

alga, Microcystis. B D
C. Non-motile coenobic
colonial alga, Pediastrum.
D. Motile coenobic colonial
alga, Platydorina.
General 3. Filamentous
Characteristics
A B

Types of Cells

Structure of the Algal Cell

Morph. and
and Ecol.
Ecol. Diversity
Diversity C
Morph.

A. Uniseriate, unbranching filamentous alga,

Mougeotia. B. Uniseriate, unbranching
filamentous alga, Oedogonium C. Uniseriate,
branching filamentous alga, Stigeoclonium.
General 4. Coenocytic
Characteristics • Siphonous

Types of Cells

Structure of the Algal Cell

Morph. and
Morph. and Ecol.
Ecol. Diversity
Diversity

Vaucheria
General 5. Parenchymatous
Characteristics • Not to be confused with
pseudoparenchymatous algae!

Types of Cells

Structure of the Algal Cell

Morph. and
Morph. and Ecol.
Ecol. Diversity
Diversity Monostroma

Palmaria
 Outline

I. Phycology as a Science
II. General Characteristics of Algae
III.General Modes of Nutrition
A. Autotrophic
B. Heterotrophic
C. Auxotrophic
D. Myxotrophic
General Modes of • Lithotrophic or Holotypic
Nutrition
• Use inorganic compounds as
Autotrophic
Autotrophic a source of carbon

• Two types:
Heterotrophic
1. Photoautotrophic
Auxotrophic
o Light energy and
inorganic compounds
Mixotrophic
2. Chemoautotrophic

o Inorganic compounds
General Modes of • Organotrophic
Nutrition
• Two types:
Autotrophic
1. Photoheterotrophic

Heterotrophic 2. Chemoheterotrophic
Heterotrophic

Auxotrophic
• Heterotrophs can also be:
Mixotrophic
1. Phagocytotic (Holozoic)

2. Osmotrophic

3. Saprophytic

4. Parasitic
General Modes of • Requires organic compounds
Nutrition
X Energy source

Autotrophic ü Vitamins

Ø Biotin, thiamine,
Heterotrophic
cobalamine
Auxotrophic
Auxotrophic

Mixotrophic
General Modes of • Autotrophic algae
Nutrition
ü Inorganic compounds
Autotrophic ü Organic compounds

Heterotrophic • Facultative heterotroph

Auxotrophic

Myxotrophic
Mixotrophic
 Outline

I. Phycology as a Science
II. General Characteristics of Algae
III. General Modes of Nutrition
IV.General Modes of Reproduction
A. Asexual Reproduction
1. Cellular Bisection
2. Spore Formation
3. Autocolony Formation
4. Fragmentation
5. Resting Stages
Asexual Modes of • Transverse or longitudinal
Reproduction division

Autotrophic
Cellular bisection

Spore formation

Autocolony formation

Fragmentation

Resting Stages Cellular bisection in Phacus

Asexual Modes of a. Zoospore and Aplanospore
Reproduction formation

Cellular bisection

Spore formation

Autocolony formation

Fragmentation

Resting Stages
Asexual Modes of b. Autospore and Monospore
Reproduction production

Cellular bisection

Spore formation

Autocolony formation

Fragmentation

Resting Stages

Autospore-forming green
algae, Scenedesmus
Asexual Modes of
Reproduction

Cellular bisection

Spore formation
Volvox
Autocolony formation
Autocolony formation

Fragmentation

Resting Stages

Pediastrum
Asexual Modes of • A random process
Reproduction

Cellular bisection

Spore formation

Autocolony formation

Fragmentation
Fragmentation

Resting Stages
Asexual Modes of • Akinete
Reproduction o A vegetative cell that develops a
thickened cell wall and is larger
than typical vegetative cells
o Contains large amounts of
Cellular bisection stored food reserves
o Serves as a survival
mechanism
Spore formation

Autocolony formation

Fragmentation

Resting stages
Stages

Akinetes of Anabaena
 Outline

I. Phycology as a Science
II. General Characteristics of Algae
III. General Modes of Nutrition
IV.General Modes of Reproduction
A. Asexual Reproduction
B. Sexual Reproduction
1. Two Phases
2. Three Types
3. Monoecious VS Dioecious
4. Homothallic VS Heterothallic
5. Types of Life Histories
Sexual Modes of Plasmogamy
Reproduction

Karyogamy
Autotrophic
Two phases

Three types

Monoecious VS Dioecious

Homothallic VS Heterothallic

Types of life histories

Sexual Modes of Types according to gamete formed
Reproduction
Isogamous
• Both motile;
Two phases Monomorphic

Three
Three types
types

Heterogamous
Monoecious VS Dioecious • Dimorphic (small, large)

Homothallic VS Heterothallic
Anisogamous
• Both motile
Types of life histories
Oogamous
• Smaller is motile
Sexual Modes of
Reproduction Monoecious

Two phases

Three types

Monoecious VS Dioecious Dioecious

Monoecious VS Dioecious

Homothallic VS Heterothallic

Types of life histories

Sexual Modes of
Reproduction Homothallic

Two phases

Three types

Monoecious VS Dioecious Heterothallic

Homothallic VS Heterothallic
Homothallic VS Heterothallic

Types of life histories

Sexual Modes of • Time where meiosis takes
place/ Nature of meoisis
Reproduction
• Type of cells produced after
meiosis
Two phases • Presence/ absence of more than
one free living stage (Dominant
Free-Living stage)
Three types

Monoecious VS Dioecious
Zygotic
Homothallic VS Heterothallic

Gametic
Types
Types of
of life
life histories
histories

Sporic