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Chapter 02
The Molecules of Cells
1. If an element has an atomic number of 12, how many electrons are in its outermost shell?
A. 1
B. 10
C. 8
D. 2
E. 12
Two electrons fill the innermost shell and eight fill the next, leaving two for the outermost
shell.
2-1
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons (the atomic number) is the same as the
number of electrons. The atom would need three orbitals to accommodate 15 electrons, and
there would be 5 electrons in its outermost shell. The atomic mass includes the protons and
the neutrons; the number of neutrons is not specified in this question.
It is the outermost shell of an atom that can potentially react with electrons in the outermost
shells of other atoms. The protons and neutrons remain in the nucleus and do not engage in
chemical reactions.
2-2
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 02 - The Molecules of Cells
The atomic mass is essentially the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus; it is not
changed by chemical reactions. The mass of electrons is negligible.
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; electrons orbit the nucleus.
2-3
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
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