2022 3rd Int. Conf.

on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET)

26-27 February 2022, Chittagong, Bangladesh
2022 International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET) | 978-1-6654-8397-1/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICISET54810.2022.9775870

IoT Based Air Quality and Weather Monitoring

System with Android Application
Ashfaqul Haq1* , Sayed Sahriar Hasan2 , Md. Zillur Rahman3 , Dipesh Das4 & Ata Ullah5
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering,
International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh
Email: sydneyhoque.info@gmail.com1* , sayedsahriarhasan@gmail.com2 , zillurrahmaniiuc@gmail.com3 ,
tanmoydas337@gmail.com4 & ataullah.prince.ap@gmail.com5

Abstract—In present times, it is apparent that weather and
climatic circumstances have grown variable and unpredictable,
not just in our country but also in other parts of the world,
potentially wreaking havoc on agricultural productivity.
There are many environmental factors like air, precipitation,
temperature, humidity, and many other parameters and
conditions that keep on changing alarmingly and unpredictably.
It is critical of the hour to have a real-time, local weather
station that can keep farmers informed about current weather
conditions. As a consequence, they are able to make the best
judgments at the correct moment and safeguard their crops.
Progress has been made in the Internet of Things (IoT) sector
to track the condition of weather and control air quality, which
has allowed the number of harmful substances in air particles.
The goal is to build a device that can monitor the condition of
the weather in real-time. A dedicated server is available for an
android application to monitor the weather on the internet. The
system can deploy anywhere. Some external devices can enable
when pollution crosses the safe zone, like informing all the
people there via an android application. The proposed system
will increase the hope of farmers to carry out the agricultural
tasks on a real-time basis, which will help them to use the
agricultural elements in an efficient procedure and at the period
when needed by the crops.
Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Weather Monitoring,
Gas Sensor, Humidity Sensor, Android Application, ThingSpeak
Visualizations.
I. I NTRODUCTION
Climate changes are so bad for people to live. Everyone is
suffering from the curse of climate change from top to bottom.
Farmers are discovering that agriculture is no longer a feasible
or sustainable alternative. Despite their efforts, current agricul-
tural techniques are not producing the anticipated outcomes in
favor of farmers. Farmers are under immense pressure to fulfill
the ever-increasing demand for agricultural commodities, yet
resources such as machinery and water, as well as various
tools such as short-term irrigation, are in limited supply
(high cost). Agriculture has also been damaged by current
climate circumstances such as moisture levels and humidity,
and wind speed has a major influence on crop growth [1]. It
has brought climate change, such as global warming, global
dim, rainfall, drought, acid rain, foggy weather, etc. Living
things on earth and underwater suffers from many problems,
such as a change in life due to a lack of adequate living
facilities. The fresh weather is most important for every living
thing. In this research, the ultimate objective of this device
was to determine whether monitoring for every other living
thing, including humans on earth, is a serious problem. How
sound, climate, and weather have changed for air pollution,
temperature, humidity and can preserve sound for our lives
very important. This system makes it easy to know the weather
quality answers. In 2015, various initiatives were launched [2].
It essentially defined the emission rate of polluting poisonous
gasses. Harmful gasses, Industrial air pollution protection [3],
and a health monitoring system implemented to recognize
the effect. The sensors and approach were both are more
expensive at present time. Population and climate control leads
to be major problems. Another option is to develop a low-
cost weather forecasting and monitoring system that would
alert farmers to local and real-time climatic and meteorological
conditions, allowing most agricultural tasks to be completed
on time and with minimal early losses. One of the early
weather station solutions made use of serial communication.
The research showed the improvement of a weather system
that will be built based on serial [4]. Then there were the
research projects using the internet connectivity option em-
ploying GSM and Ethernet modules [5]. Rain, sun radiation,
UV radiation, humidity, temperature, were all measured. In
the automation business, ZigBee communication technology
is well-known, and its low data rate capabilities make it a
good choice for systems, especially in weather stations. Two
such implementations appeared back-to-back with the ZigBee
protocol [6], which can measure weather data such as baro-
metric pressure, dew point temperature, air temperature, wind
speed, wind direction, and relative humidity, and the ZigBee
protocol [7], which can measure barometric pressure, dew

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 point temperature, air temperature, wind speed, wind direction,
and relative humidity. Even the Complex Method of Pollution
Monitoring will be used before. There are some parameters
like illumination, humidity, and temperature were analyzed,
the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm
were successful based on data delivery rates. WHO reported
that environmental pollution caused about 4.2 million deaths
alone in 2016. From there the household weather pollution
caused at a determined. 3.8 million humans were lost over
the same time by using contaminating fuels and technologies
in cooking. The idea, therefore, was to build a device to let
people know how much harmful air is inhaled. This method
includes studies from st research about how necessary it is to
address this topic. The key concept was to create a computer
that is compact and simple to install. The usage and internet
user of Android devices has significantly increased. For easy
access for the users, both a website and the android application
view the result of the device. More than 80 percent of urban
pollution-controlled people are exposed to weather quality
levels above the 10g/m3 guideline, with low and medium sized
countries at the highest levels of exposure. The system uses
four primary gas sensors that cause most air pollution to know
the best outcome of all weather conditions. CO, humidity is
declared as the primary cause of weather pollution, and all are
applied throughout the system. To quantify noise present in the
environment, a noise sensor is also added. These statistics were
used for a server and Android program, as almost everyone
now has an android computer and Internet access. These
sensors collect data from fields on various gases (e.g., methane
(CH4 ), humidity, nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), carbon monoxide
(CO) in real-time from different affected locations. It will also
gather data on the sound level in the area. The proposed system
mainly provides for the monitoring, through an application
developed via Graphical User Interface (GUI), of weather
pollution and purity or quality conditions of a smart city on
a computer (Desktop or laptop) send a signal when pollution
exceeds appropriate standards.
II. R ELATED W ORKS
In 2022, various initiatives were launched [8]. It essentially
defined the emission rate of polluting poisonous gasses. Indus-
trial air pollution protection, and a health monitoring system
were implemented to recognize the effect [9]. However, at
that time, the sensors and the method were very costly. The
methods of low-cost air quality were invented in 2018 [10].
Mobile GPRS monitors air pollution levels [11]. The Wireless
Sensor Network-based Pollution Surveillance System [12] is
used to execute air quality awareness in metropolitan cities.
Even the most sophisticated technique of pollution monitoring
will be employed [13].
III. S YSTEM OVERVIEW
This section describes the block diagram, circuit diagram,
hardware components and Android application overview.
Authorized licensed use limited to: Indian Institute of Technology - Jodhpur. Downloaded
A. Block Diagram of the System
Fig. 1 depicts the block diagram of this project. Hardware
comprises of an Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller
takes data from sensors such as humidity, temperature and CO
concentration. ThingSpeak, an open IoT platform, receives the
sensor data and displays it on a LCD.
B. Circuit Diagram of the System
The ESP8266 from Systems is a low-cost WIFI module
that includes a complete TCP/IP stack and a microcontroller
[14]. It features 17 GPIO pins and a working voltage of 3
to 3.6 volts. On the other hand air quality sensor (MQ 135),
temperature and humidity sensor (DHT 22), CO gas sensor
(MQ 7) is connected to microcontroller (Arduino Uno) [15]
as input and LCD display is connected to see the output of the
project. The complete circuit diagram of this model is shown
in Fig. 2. This diagram is drawn using Proteus software.
C. Software Overview
In this proposed model, MIT App Inventor service [16] is
used to remotely monitor sensor data and operate the hardware.
The MIT App Inventor has an easy-to-use interface. It may
show sensor data in the form of widgets. The main components
of MIT App Inventor are the application building service,
libraries and servers. A user can operate the device through the
Internet using these components. It is also cable of connecting
by Ethernet, WiFi, Bluetooth, and serial USB. Widgets like as
Button, Slider, Timer, and Joystick are accessible in this app
creation service to monitor and manage the system’s hardware.
It may also send the user a notification via Email or Telegram.
MQ - 135 LCD Display
Sensor
Temperature Microcontroller WIFI Module
Sensor
Arduino UNO
Thingspeak
MQ - 07
Sensor
Android Application
Power Supply
Fig. 1. Overview of the whole system
IV. SYSTEM DESIGN
A. Circuit Diagram
The flow chart of this proposed model is shown in Fig. 3
which was created using the Flowchart Maker.
25 on September 30,2023 at 03:28:53 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 WIFI MODULE
8 4
VCC R XD
7 3
AIR QUALITY 6
RST IO0
2
MQ-135 GAS S E NS OR EN IO2
5 1
TXD GND
E S P8266
LC D DIS PLAY
LM016L
MQ135

OUT
Sensor

GND AR DUINO UNO

VCC
TestPin

ON
Reset BTN

VDD
VS S

VE E

RW

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
RS

E
AREF
C AR BON MONOXIDE

1
2
3

4
5
6

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
MQ-7 GAS S E NS OR 13
PB5/SCK 12
PB4/MISO
RESET 11
~ PB3/MOSI/OC2A
10
~ PB2/OC1B
9
MQ-7

~ PB1/OC1A
GND OUT Vcc

8
PB0/ICP1/CLKO

ATMEGA328P-PU
1121
7
ANALOG IN

PD7/AIN1
6
TestPin

A0 ~ PD7/AIN1
5 14 4
PC0/ADC0 S CL P0
A1 ~ PD5/T1/OC0B
4 15 5
PC1/ADC1 S DA P1
A2 PD4/T0/XCK 3 6
PC2/ADC2 P2
A3 ~ PD3/INT1/OC2B
2 13 7
PC3/ADC3 PD2/INT0 INT P3
A4 1 9
PC4/ADC4/SDA PD1/TXD P4
A5 0 1 10
PC5/ADC5/SCL PD0/RXD A0 P5
2 11
A1 P6
3 12
A2 P7
1 I2C E ncoder
VDD
80.0 > 2
DATA
27.0 4
GND
°C %R H

DHT22

Fig. 2. Circuit diagram for proposed model of the system Fig. 4. Proposed Model in Real Life

Start

Temperature, Humidity,
Gas Senson

Sending Temperature
Temperature Sensor
Sensor Data
Fig. 5. LCD Display View (Air Quality)

Sending Humidity
Humidity Sensor
Sensor Data

Sending Gas
Gas Sensor
Sensor Data

Gather all the sensor Fig. 6. LCD Display View (CO)

data

Data send to Mobile

Display Data
App

Stop

Fig. 3. Flow Chart Of the Whole System

Fig. 7. LCD Display View (Temperature & Humidity)

The Fig. 4 shows the implemented proposed model in real
life.
ambient temperature is 24 degrees Celsius and the relative
V. R ESULT A NALYSIS
humidity is 100%. It feels like 27°C outside. The humidity
Fig. 5-7 shows the output of air quality, CO, temperature rate we receive at room temperature of 28.4°C is 90%, which
and humidity in LCD Display respectively. is somewhat higher than the dew point. CO levels in the air
Five datasets were chosen and sent to the cloud platform. should be between 0 and 5 parts per million. 2.78 ppm was
Every 10 seconds, the server receives one Arduino input. The discovered.
data is stored in five variables and sent to five separate fields Dust sensors or warning systems to warn of danger are
of the cloud channel. Figure 8 depicts the system’s Mobile not employed in this project concept, according to [17]. It
Application view. Because the skin relies on the air to expel will be done at some point in the future. This type is not
moisture, humans are extremely sensitive to humidity. If the designed for larger homes, such as workplaces or schools. In

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 Field 2 Chart

Weather Station

Carbon Monoxide
3.5

3.25

13:35 13:40 13:45 13:50 13:55

Date
ThingSpeak.com

Fig. 10. Real-time variation in CO (Field 2 Chart)

Fig. 8. Android Application View

such circumstance, a wireless sensor network was required. Field 3 Chart

However, due to a shortage of funds, such gadgets cannot Weather Station

be built. There is a goal to combine radiation detection with 15
machine learning methods in the future to improve air quality

Air Quality
12.5
detection.
10
A. ThingSpeak Visualizations 13:35 13:40 13:45 13:50 13:55
Date
The most important tabs on the ThingSpeak dashboard are ThingSpeak.com

the channel id and API credentials (read and write). You have
the option of making the channel private or public (visible
to others). In this prototype, the channel is presently set to
Fig. 11. Real-time variation in Air Quality (Field 3 Chart)
private. It also contains the MATLAB Analysis and Visual-
ization tab, as well as the other visualization tabs .When the
suggested program is implemented, the air quality, temperature Field 4 Chart

and humidity data are posted to the website in every 10

Weather Station
seconds from the Ardunio, and a graphical representation of
the detected data is displayed to the ThingSpeak which is 97.5
Humidity

shown in Fig. 9-12.

95

13:35 13:40 13:45 13:50 13:55

Date
Field 1 Chart ThingSpeak.com

Weather Station

Fig. 12. Real-time variation in Humidity (Field 4 Chart)

Temperature

28

27.5 VI. COST ANALYSIS

13:35 13:40 13:45 13:50 13:55
Date
ThingSpeak.com

TABLE I
LIST OF COMPONENTS & COST ANALYSIS
Fig. 9. Real-time variation in Temperature (Field 1 Chart)
SL NO Name of component Quantity Prize (Taka)
01 Arduino UNO 1 450
02 Esp8255 1 220
03 MQ-135 1 280
04 MQ-7 1 180
05 DHT-22 1 300
06 LCD Display 1 160
08 I2C 1 160
09 SIM908 1 4000
10 PCB board 1 50
18 Total Cost 6877

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 VII. CONCLUSION [12] C. A. Hernández-Morales, J. Luna-Rivera, and R. Perez-Jimenez, “De-
sign and deployment of a practical iot-based monitoring system for
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addressed the manner in which they can operate, their features, and Cloud)(I-SMAC), 2018 2nd International Conference on. IEEE,
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isons to standard basic data. The built prototype’s low cost sistemas microcontrolados para aplicações em internet das coisas.”
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monitor weather parameters, transforming it into a full fledged
Precision Weather Station that may act as an important element
of the system. As a result, we’ll be able to see the problem
early on and take steps to protect the next generation.
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