Crisp and Fuzzy Relations, membership

functions
 Composition of Fuzzy Relation

Used to combine fuzzy

relations on different The composition is
product space, having used to determine the
fuzzy relation R(x*y) & relation T(x*z)
S(y*z).
Max-Min Composition

X Y Z
R: fuzzy relation defined on X and Y.

S: fuzzy relation defined on Y and Z.

R 。S: the composition of R and S.
A fuzzy relation defined on X an Z.

 R S (x, z ) = max y min (  R ( x, y ), S ( y, z ) )

=  y (  R ( x, y )   S ( y , z ) )
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 .

Max-Product Composition

X Y Z
R: fuzzy relation defined on X and Y.

S: fuzzy relation defined on Y and Z.

R。S: the composition of R and S.
A fuzzy relation defined on X an Z.

 R S (x, y ) = max v (  R ( x, v)  S (v, y ) )

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 Example: (Union and Intersection of Fuzzy Relations)
Consider the following two fuzzy relations

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The union of the two relations is formed by taking the maximum of the two grades o
membership for the corresponding elements of the two matrices.

The new relation is defined by

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 For the intersection, we take the minimum of the two grades of
membership for the corresponding elements of the two matrices.
The new relation is defined by

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 Fuzzy Composition Example
• Let the two relations R and S be, respectively:
R y1 y2 y3 S z1 z2
x1 0.4 0.6 0 y1 0.5 0.8
x2 0.9 1 0.1 y2 0.1 1
y1 0 0.6

• The goal is to compute RoS using both Max-min and

Max-product composition rules.

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 MAX-MIN Composition

RoS =

max{min(0.4,0.5), min(0.6, 0.1), min(0, 0)}

= max{ 0.4, 0.1, 0} = 0.4
max{min(0.4,0.8), min(0.6, 1), min(0, 0.6)}
= max{ 0.4, 0.6, 0} = 0.6
max{min(0.9,0.5), min(1, 0.1), min(0.1, 0)}
= max{ 0.5, 0.1, 0} = 0.5
max{min(0.9,0.8), min(1, 1), min(0.1, 0.6)}
= max{ 0.8, 1, 0.1} = 1

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 MAX-PRODUCT Composition

max{0.40.5, 0.60.1, 00} = max{0.02,0.06,0} = 0.06

max{0.40.8, 0.61, 00.6} = max{0.32, 0.6, 0} = 0.6
max{0.90.5, 10.1, 0.10} = max{0.45, 0.1, 0} = 0.45
max{0.90.8, 11, 0.10.6} = max{0.72, 1, 0.06} = 1

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Max-Min and Max Product Example

Max-Min

Max Product
Max-Min and Max Product Example
Example:
y1 y2 z1 z2 z3
R= x1 0.7 0.5 S = y1 0.9 0.6 0.2
x2 0.8 0.4 y2 0.1 0.7 0.5

z1 z2 z3
Using max-min, T = x1 0.7 0.6 0.5
x2 0.8 0.6 0.4

z1 z2 z3
Using max-product, T = x1 0.63 0.42 0.25
x2 0.72 0.48 0.20
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 University Question
The formation of algal solutions in surface water is strongly
dependent on pH of water, temperature and oxygen content.
T is a set of water temperature from a lake given by T={50, 55, 60}
and
O is oxygen values in water given by O={1, 2, 6}.
The fuzzy set of T is given by {0.7 / 50+0.8 / 55+0.9 / 60} and
fuzzy set of O is given by {0.1 / 1+0.6/ 2+0.8 /6}

• i) Find R=T×O for Given I=(0.5/ 50 +1/ 55+0.7/60}

• ii) Find S=I o R using max- product composition
• iii) Find S= I o R using max-min composition
University Question
 Fuzzy set is a set with unsharp boundary. It
allows partial membership

The notion of membership in fuzzy set is a

matter of degree which is a number between

Membership 0 and 1

functions A fuzzy set is characterized by a mapping

from its Universe of discourse into the
interval[0,1].

Thus mapping is the membership function of

the set and is denoted by µ
 Triangular membership function

Trapezoidal membership function

Gaussian membership function

Types of
membership Bell Shaped membership function
functions Sigmoidal membership function

S- membership function

π membership function
Triangular membership function
a, b and c represent the x coordinates of the three vertices of
µA(x) in a fuzzy set A (a: lower boundary and c: upper boundary
where membership degree is zero, b: the centre where
membership degree is 1)

µA(x)
1

0
a b c x

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Trapezoidal membership function
 Gaussian Membership Function

We can control the shape of membership function by adjusting a

parameter σ . A small ‘σ’will generate thin membership function and
big ‘σ’ will generate flat membership function.
Sigmoidal Membership Function
S-membership function
• This function is specified by 2 parameters {a,b}

The membership function is 0 for points below a and 1 for

points above b and 0.5 for mid point between a and b
Π- Membership Function
• This function is specified by 2 parameters {a,b}

This function has a membership value 1 at point a and a

membership value 0.5 for a-b and a+b
Problem: Fuzzy Set A represents real no. close to 5
Consider a=5, b=1 Consider a=5, b=2
3 4 5 6 7 1 3 5 7 9