1 « Where, When and How SS For centuries, explorers have travelled around the world for : adventure. In 1492, Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, decided to sail westward from Spain hoping to reach Asia. He Janded on an island which blocked the westward movement to. the East. This new island came to be called the West Indies. He later explored parts of the Atlantic coast, not realizing that he had discovered the Americas. In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan sailed ‘westward and went around the world. Magellan's voyage became the first successful attempt to circumnavigate the Earth, When the European ships first arrived on the shores of the Indian subcontinent, the ire ruled over this vast region. The heart of the Mughal Empire was in the densely populated Ganges river basin, Initially, the Mughal rulers did not feel threatened ‘by the Europeans dominating the seas. They were pleased with the money coming in from trade, The European traders needed to maintain a cordial relationship with the rulers in order to establish profitable trade in the region. However, the Mughal Empire began to decline in the early years of the 18th century, just as the East India Company began to increase its ‘ a FACT CHE Periodization of Indian History History Of India into Hindu, | in that order, However, thisIndia and the Industrial Re The published a imi 17th and the early pa y. Tra gold, silver and precious stones w spices, such as peppe nutmeg We trem to cook elaborately flavoured dishes as well as to Pr and perfumes. In the early seventeenth century, pepper was t ‘Company’ trade. Much of the pepper made its way from Lond¢ During the eighteenth century, the main indu india were invo textiles, ship building, handicrafts, tannery, perfumery king Industrial Revolution in progress, the British needed both raw mate to sell their finished products. India had many skilled weavers and dyers, who produced beautif textiles increased at a fast pace, and a number of unique patterns and desig from India. Unfortunately, the imperial policy of the British industries made goods slowly led to a decline in the popularity of Indian handicrafts: QI, Why were spices so important to European traders? Q2. How do you think a trading company extended their influence over an entire c corns, cloves and ustries in paper- Sources to Study the Colonial Period British wus archives and ‘There is no shortage of sources through which we learn about the colonial period. Th particular, not just about keeping records, but also in maintaining them. Nur were built as a result. Let us learn about them. Archaeological Sources ‘These comprise monuments, artefacts, inscriptions, coins and pots. Some examples of the monuments Dethi built during the British period are India Gate, the Secretariat Complex, the Parliament House (or known as the House of Parliament) and the Teen Murti Bhavan. Official Records ‘These cover all levels of administration, from the district to the central government. The Bish Crown also kept a variety official records. By reading these, one can trace every development and follow the processes of decision-making. Records of European Companies ‘The records ofthe Portuguese the Dutch and the French are important, as they give us an insight into the histories of 17aband itt centres. They are inion te eine of view of economic history, but one gets information of the Political set-up too.Indigenous Literary Sources in y,,| The SijartlMutakherin (A Review of Modern Times) by Mir Gholam Hussein Khan pos Bed th_*| Indianlliterary source, It covers a period of 70 years, che ‘onicling the decline of the Mughals, the rise ©. Ind Marathas and the steps that led to the occupation of the country by the British. Another im so ans us is the diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Chief Interpreter to Governor Joseph Francois Dupleix “dicing, | Weiting in Tamil, he recorded the reversals seen in politics and everyday life in the souther St Ingjy | India during the governor generalship of Dupleix ‘Some institutions are a treasure trove of historical artefacts and documents. Such an institution, the Bharat ind silk | —tedhas Samshodhak Mandal, was founded in 1910 by the doyen of ns, Vishwanath Kashinath ith 1, Rajwade and Sardar K C Mchendale. It is a Premier research inst e, The original manuscript of the Mrket, | famous travelogue Maaza Prawas (My Travels) by Godse Bhatji gives & first-hand account ofthe revelto 1857, including the Tast morients of the Rani of Jhansi Indian gland Surveys and Census Br itt Different kinds of surveys were conducted to provide the government with information regarding certain Peep cinnct ad: written primary : sources, what other sources can he or she look tatters like population, topography, archacology for? What about buildings, archaeological and forests, The British began conducting surveys so cting ou finds, artwork or craft tools? What do these that territories could be earmarked for fixing land teary ailcasiocaspsarwie a revenue. This data provides valuable information. i they leave out?‘een invaded by the Arabs, Turks, Afghanis a: u tae lst 10,000 years of history. Whaat qualt . “ reed to sell our products in villages because of ‘ofthe weavers in British India and in the preseny improve their conditions? rs and list at least three dif Nese ports, first to the ‘rights of legal contro} or confrontation, the sans and the Japanese esbelow and look at a map to | fan travellers enter India But it can get quite difficult to remember all the date ‘will help you remember historical dates: tryleaving ut the first two digits as you wou id recall only the number cquires its first territory in Bombay. Here, you will notice e number =1, 6nd 5 making it easier to remember mbers can be put into equations. For example suchas birthdays, festivals or other significant dates ‘and try attaching it to a rhyme. For example, Coan https://wi Last accessExercises Choose the correct answers 1, These sources comprise of monumnents, artefacts, inscriptions, coins and pots. a Literary sources, b, Archaeological sources << Newspapers 4 Surveys 2, The Bharat Itihas Samshodhak Mandal was founded in 1910 by Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade and ‘a. Godse Bhatii Ub. Sardar K C Mehendale ‘¢ Governor Joseph Francois Dupleix d, Mir Gholam Hussein Khan 2 ied a fate te a. Bengal Herald b. Bengal Gazette © Bombay Herald d. none of these | Bibliographies, reference books, commentaries and treatises are examples of ‘primary sources —_b. secondary sources. both aandb 4 none of these call the period when India was colonized by the British the [Period 'b. modern period ¢. colonial period d. medieval period ruc and F for false. ogical sources are primary sources of studying the past. did not build any buildings or monuments in India. ofthe Portuguese the Dutch and the Prench are important, as they give us an