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TLE - IA (Masonry NC II)

Activity Sheet - Quarter 1 – Week 6

Types and Uses of Hauling Equipment

and Construction Materials

REGION VI - WESTERN VISAYAS

TLE 10 - IA (Masonry NC II)
Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) No. 6
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

by the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of TLE 10 – IA (Masonry NC II) Activity Sheet

Writer: Virginia A. Garsola

Editor: Elvie R. Verde
Layout Artist: Jewelyn Q. Cadigal
Division of Kabankalan City Quality Assurance Team:
Mary Helen M. Bocol Elvie R. Verde
Jewelyn Q. Cadigal
Division of Kabankalan City Management Team:
Portia M. Mallorca Nelly E. Garrote
Junry M. Esparar Mary Helen M. Bocol Elvie R. Verde
Jewelyn Q. Cadigal Emee Ann P. Valdez
Regional Management Team:
Ramir B. Uytico
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
April Calimoso-Velez
Ray G. Mercolino

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Introductory Message

Welcome to TLE 10 - IA (Masonry NC II)!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Kabankalan City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents, and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic
Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is a self-directed instructional material aimed

to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using
the contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The TLE 10 - IA (Masonry NC II) Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the
teaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and the learner.
This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease the
independent learning.

For the learner:

The TLE 10 - IA (Masonry NC II) Activity Sheet is developed to help you

continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you
with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities
and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed
schedule.

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 Quarter 1 – Week 6

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 6

Name of Learner: __________________________________________________

Grade and Section: ______________________Date: _____________________

TLE 10 - IA (MASONRY NC II) ACTIVITY SHEET

Types and Uses of Hauling Equipment and Construction Materials

I. Learning Competency with Code

Haul construction materials (TLE_IAMS9-12MM-Ii-IIb-2)

II. Background Information for Learners

Hauling of construction materials is not an easy task, it is a costly job hence it

is laborious.
In construction, mostly materials are heavy and need equipment to transport
the materials for fast, easy and efficient. Like construction debris hauling service
transports the loose materials such as wood, concrete, glass, and metallic waste
from a construction site to a designated dump site. As a construction project
progresses, more debris is generated.
With the ability to transfer large quantities between distant locations, they’re a
construction industry go-to. Whether you need to move sand, soil, rocks, or other
materials, heavy-haul trucking will get the job done quickly and efficiently using the
latest in advanced technology.

Five Common Materials in Constructions

1. STEEL

Steel is a metal alloy of iron and

carbon and often other alloying material
in its composition to make it stronger
and more fracture-resistant than iron.
Stainless steels resist corrosion and
oxidation because of the additional
chromium in their make-up. Because it
is so strong compared to its weight and
size, structural engineers use it for the
structural framework of tall modern
buildings and large industrial facilities.
Some of its qualities include:

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 Steel has high strength-to-weight and strength-to-size ratios.
 It’s high-cost relative to other metals. Structural engineers can consult on
choosing the most cost-effective sizes to use in a house to support the actual
load on the building.
 Steel is less time-consuming to install than concrete.
 It can be installed in any environment.
 Steel can be susceptible to corrosion if improperly installed or maintained.
 Chrome, gold, and silver are generally used for finishes or decoration because
they lack the tensile strength of steel.

2. CONCRETE

Concrete is a composite
material made of fine and coarse
aggregate (think gravel, crushed
stone, recycled concrete, and
geosynthetic aggregates) bound
together by a liquid binder such as
cement that hardens or cures over
time. Portland cement is the most
common type of cement, and is a
fine powder, produced by heating limestone and clay materials in a kiln and adding
gypsum. So Portland cement concrete consists of the mineral aggregate, bound with
Portland cement and water. After mixing, the cement hardens or cures into the
stone-like material we think of as concrete.

Concrete attributes:

 Strength varies depending on the mix. Suppliers to the concrete industry usually
provide the materials used for their concrete and test the concrete mix for its
strength.
 Concrete can be poured into a form to take virtually any shape and harden into a
material similar to stone.
 It takes at least seven days to cure, so engineers and architects must factor in
that hardening time when they devise building schedules for concrete
construction.
 Its versatility, cost, and strength make it the ideal material for a house foundation.
Since it can carry a heavy load and withstand the forces from the surrounding
environment, a concrete home foundation is common.
 To increase the tensile strength of concrete, engineers often plan for it to be
reinforced with steel rods or bars (rebar).

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3. WOOD

Among the oldest, or

perhaps the oldest, of building
materials, wood has been used for
thousands of years and has
properties that make it an ideal
building material—even in the days
of engineered and synthetic
materials.

For construction use, wood

pieces are machine-planed and cut into standard dimensions, such as 2”x4”
(1.5”x3.5” actual) and 2”x6,” (1.5”x5.5” actual) so that their measurements can be
accurately factored into building plans—this is known as dimensional lumber. Wood
in larger sizes is usually referred to as timber or beams and is often used to
construct the frames of large structures like bridges and multi-story buildings.

Some tree species are better for some uses and for use in some climates
than others. Structural engineers and architects can determine which type of wood is
ideal for a construction project.

 It is readily available and an economical natural resource.

 Wood is relatively lightweight and easy to standardize in size.
 It provides good insulation, which is why many architects and engineers like
using it for homes and residential buildings.
 Wood has high tensile strength—keeping its strength while bending—and is very
strong when being compressed vertically.
 Because it is lightweight and needs to be pressure treated to come into contact
with surrounding soil, wood is a less popular choice for foundations or basement
walls. (However, permanent wood foundations, known as PWFs, are gaining
traction among builders thanks to the warm and inviting wood basement living
space they offer.) More often, wood-framed homes usually have a reinforced
concrete or pier and beam foundations.

4. STONE

The longest lasting building

material available is the one that’s been
here for thousands of years: stone. In
fact, the most ancient of buildings still in
existence in the world are made of
stone. It has many advantages, though
engineers and architects must make
some special considerations when
planning a building using stone.

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 Dry stone walls made of dense rock have been used for thousands of years.
Different forms of mortar were later used to hold them together.
 Because it is so dense, stone can be difficult to work with because of its weight
and the difficulty in moving it.
 Stone is not an efficient insulator, since it is difficult to keep warm.
 Various stone types are best for different uses. For instance, slate is fire-
resistant. Granite is one of the hardest stones and one of the most durable
products available; the Incas used limestone or granite to build their incredibly
strong buildings.

5. BRICK/MASONRY

Masonry construction uses

individual units (such as bricks) to build
structures that are usually bound
together by some kind of mortar.
Historically, clay bricks were formed in a
mold and kiln-fired. The strongest and
most commonly used masonry unit now
is a concrete block, which may be
reinforced with steel. Glass, brick, and
stone can all be used in a masonry
structure.

 Masonry is durable and fire-resistant.

 This method of construction is able to resist compression loads, which makes it a
good material for load-bearing walls.
 Reinforced with concrete, or in combination with reinforced concrete, masonry
can support multi-story buildings, and can be an economical choice.
 While it is a strong method to use in many types of construction, lasting masonry
installation can depend on the quality of mortar and workmanship.

Hauling Equipment

If you are new to construction and drilling, it’s important to understand the
types of equipment that will be used on the job. Hauling equipment, in particular, is
used to move building/drilling supplies, soil, and other materials. Below is an
overview of the types of hauling equipment commonly used in construction and
more:

1. Cranes

Equipped with wire ropes, sheaves, and a hoist, cranes are used to lift and
move materials and supplies during construction. Cranes are also useful for
demolishing buildings and other structures. In construction, the two basic types of
cranes are mobile and fixed.

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  Mobile cranes – Consist of trusses mounted onto mobile platforms, such as
trucks or flatcars.

 Fixed cranes – Are able to lift heavier loads and have better reach due to their
increased stability. Tower cranes, used in high-rise building construction, are
an example of a fixed crane mounted on top of a steel tower.

2. Bulldozers

Though commonly used to refer to the entire vehicle, the term bulldozer
actually refers to the front-mounted dozer plate, which is attached to a separate
tractor. The bulldozer is used to loosen hard soils and shift dirt, and can work on
tough terrain. It is also great for creating pilot roads, as it can clear land from trees
and stumps. Bulldozers can be wheel-based or track-based. For muddy or sandy
terrains, track-type bulldozers are best, as the tracks distribute the bulldozer’s weight
over a larger area, reducing the risk of sinking.

3. Excavators

Excavators are vehicles equipped with a digging bucket attached to the end of
an extendable arm. One of the more versatile types of hauling equipment,
excavators are used to dig holes, demolish buildings, and lift and load heavy
supplies among others. Due to their large size, excavators require the fewest passes
when loading trucks with materials.

4. Loaders

These vehicles are used to load loose materials, such as sand, dirt, or gravel,
and take them to another machine, such as a dump truck or conveyor belt.
Oftentimes, these destination machines are at a higher elevation than the location of
the materials. Loaders can also be used to transport other machinery. Similar to
bulldozers, loaders can be track-based or wheel-based, and the selection depends
on the terrain to be worked on.

5. Shovels

Shovels are used for digging and loading rocks and soil for mineral extraction.
The ability to dig into very hard material and lift large objects, such as boulders, are
their greatest strengths. Shovels can be electric powered or hydraulic powered.
Electric shovels use a revolving deck with a power plant, while hydraulic shovels
have a simpler power system that requires fewer components.

6. Tractors

Though most commonly used for pulling and pushing other equipment in
construction, the great advantage of tractors is the available parts that can be used
to accomplish different jobs. Available components include the quick hitches,
backhoes, buckets, and blades. Similar to bulldozers and loaders, tractors can be
track-based or wheel-based. Like other track-based equipment, these tractors are
able to work through muddy terrains. However, they operate at much slower speeds.

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7. Trucks

Their high travel speeds allow for quicker transportation of materials when
traveling on established roads. Their low hauling costs also allow for flexibility when
determining the total hauling capacity or in the event of a change in
destination/route.
 Dump trucks – Used to move clay, dirt, soils, and sands. Side and rear dump
trucks dispose of materials through the body attached to the chassis of the
truck. Bottom dump trucks have two gates that open from the bottom to
dispose of materials. For tougher terrain, articulated dump trucks are used.

 Hauling trucks – Used to transport a fleet of equipment (for general, military,

or service construction) from one location to another.

Having hauling equipment at the worksite on time is important for the success
of any construction job. Your hauling equipment is necessary for a job well done and
it needs to arrive not only on time but safely.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites

TESDA Training Regulation for Masonry NC II, Civil Works (Construction Sector),
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority, Taguig City, Metro
Manila.

TESDA Competency Based Curriculum for Masonry NC II (Construction Sector),

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority, Taguig City, Metro
Manila.

Department of Education, K to 12 BEC Industrial Arts – Masonry (NC II) Curriculum

Guide, May 2016, Pasig City, Philippines.

3 Benefits of Using Dump Trucks for Your Next Construction Project, Rojas
Trucking Inc., March 29, 2018. https://connect2local.com/l/48162/c/451538/3-
benefits-of-using-dump-trucks-for-your-next-construction-project.

The 7 Major Types of Hauling Equipment, H. Brown Inc., accessed May 31, 2021.
https://hbrown.com/the-7-major-types-of-hauling-equipment/.

6 Major Types of Hauling Equipment, WWTITRANSPORTADMIN, December 8,

2015, https://www.wewilltransportit.com/6-major-types-of-hauling-equipment/.

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IV. Activity Proper

Activity 1 – True or False

Directions: Read and understand each statement carefully. Write True if the
statement is right and False if it’s wrong.

___ 1. Steel can be installed in any environment.

___ 2. Concrete versatility, cost, and strength make it the ideal material for a house
foundation.

___3. Wood provides good insulation, which is why many architects and engineers
like using it for homes and residential buildings.
___4. Fixed cranes are able to lift heavier loads and have better reach due to their
increased stability.
___5. Masonry is durable and fire-resistant.

Activity 2- Enumeration

Directions: Enumerate the Hauling Equipment.

V. Reflection

1. How helpful is the equipment in hauling the construction materials?

VI. Answer Key

Activity 1
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True

Activity 2
cranes, bulldozers, excavators, loaders, shovels, tractors, trucks

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