GGB DP4 and DP4 B Metal Polymer Self Lubricating Lead Free Bearing Solutions 2023

DP4® and DP4-B
METAL-POLYMER SELF-LUBRICATING
LEAD FREE BEARING SOLUTIONS
Pushing Boundaries to co-create
A higher Quality of Life
GGB helps create a world of motion with minimal frictional loss through plain bearing and surface engineering technologies.
With R&D, testing and production facilities in the United States, Germany, France, Brazil, Slovakia and China, GGB partners
with customers worldwide on customized tribological design solutions that are efficient and environmentally sustainable.
GGB's engineers bring their expertise and passion for tribology to a wide range of industries, including automotive, aerospace
and industrial manufacturing. To learn more about tribology for surface engineering from GGB, visit www.ggbearings.com.
Our products are used in tens of thousands of critical applications every day on our planet. It is always our goal to provide
superior, high-quality solutions for our customers’ needs, no matter where those demands take our products. From space
vehicles to golf carts and virtually everything in between; we offer the industry’s most extensive range of high performance,
maintenance-free bearing solutions for a multitude of applications:
— Aerospace — E-Mobility — Medical — Primary Metals
— Agricultural — Energy — Mining — Railway
— Automotive — Fluid Power — Oil & Gas — Recreation
— Construction — Industrial
2 GGBEARINGS.COM
The GGB Advantage
LOWER SYSTEM COST ENVIRONMENTAL
GGB bearings reduce shaft costs by eliminating the need for Greaseless, lead-free GGB bearings comply with increasingly
hardening and machining grease paths. Their compact, one-piece stringent environmental regulations such as the EU RoHS
construction provides space and weight savings and simplifies directive restricting the use of hazardous substances in
assembly. certain types of electrical and electronic equipment.
LOW-FRICTION, HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE CUSTOMER SUPPORT

Low coefficients of friction eliminate the need for lubrication, while GGB’s flexible production platform and extensive supply
providing smooth operation, reducing wear and extending service network assure quick turnaround and timely deliveries.
life. Low-friction also eliminates the effects of stick-slip or “stiction” In addition, we offer local applications engineering and
during start up. technical support.
MAINTENANCE-FREE
GGB bearings are self-lubricating, making them ideal for applications
requiring long bearing life without continuous maintenance, as well as
operating conditions with inadequate or no lubrication.
The Highest Standards in Quality

SAFETY
Our deep-rooted culture of safety places a relentless focus on creating a secure, healthy
work environment for all. As one of our core values, safety is essential for us to achieve our
goal of having the safest employees in the industry.
EXCELLENCE
Our world-class manufacturing plants in the United States, Brazil, China, Germany, France, and
Slovakia are certified in quality and excellence according to ISO 9001, IATF 16949, ISO 14001,
ISO 45001, and AS9100D/EN9100. This allows us to access the industry’s best practices
while aligning our management system with global standards.
For a complete listing of our certifications, please visit our website:

https://www.ggbearings.com/en/certificates
RESPECT
Our teams work together with mutual respect regardless of background, nationality, or
function, embracing the diversity of people and learning from one another - after all, with
respect comes both individual and group growth.
3
GGB - Who We Are
AT GGB, WE AREN’T AFRAID TO TAKE RISKS FOR OUR CUSTOMERS.
We are passionate about the work we do and believe that same passion contributes to the level of innovation that can enhance
human potential. We take pride in working closely with customers in the early stage of a design to think broadly and boldly, and to
expand beyond traditional surface engineered solutions. We offer reliable partnerships based on trust, compassion, determination,
collaboration and respect.
As the tribological leader, GGB helps create a world of motion with minimal frictional loss through plain bearing and surface
engineering technologies. Thanks to our global footprint and wealth of specific applications expertise, our capabilities are virtually
limitless. We work to push the boundaries of possibility, inspiring customers across all markets to partner - and innovate - alongside us.
4 GGBEARINGS.COM
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 7 5 Lubrication 25
1.1 Characteristics and Advantages 7 5.1 Lubricants 25
1.2 Applications 8 5.2 Tribology 25
Hydrodynamic Lubrication 25
2 Structure and Composition 9 Mixed Film Lubrication 26
2.1 Basic Forms 9 Boundary Lubrication 26
Standard Components 9 5.3 Characteristics of Lubricated Bearings 27
Non-Standard Components 9
5.4 Design Guidance 28
3 Properties 10 5.5 Clearances for Lubricated Operation 29
3.1 Physical and Mechanical Properties 10 5.6 Grooving for Lubricated Operation 29
3.2 Chemical Resistance 10 5.7 Mating Surface Finish for Lubricated Operation 29
3.3 Frictional Properties 11 5.8 Grease Lubrication 29
Effect of Temperature for
Unlubricated Applications 11 6 Bearing Assembly 30
Dimensions and Tolerances 30
4 Bearing Performance 12
6.1 Allowance for Thermal Expansion 30
4.1 McPherson Strut Applications 12
Wear and Friction Properties 12 6.2 Tolerances for Minimum Clearance 30
McPherson Strut Test Rig 12 Burnishing 31
Cavitation Erosion Resistance 14 6.3 Counterface Design 31
Flow Erosion Resistance 15
6.4 Installation 32
4.2 Hydraulic Applications 16 Fitting of Cylindrical Bushes 32
GGB Jupiter Test Rig 16 Fitting of Flanged Bushes 32
4.3 Dry Wear Performance 17 Insertion Forces 32
Design Factors 17 Alignment 33
Specific Load p 17 Sealing 33
Sliding Speed U 18 6.5 Axial Location 33
Continuous Rotation 18 Fitting of Thrust Washers 33
Oscillating Movement 18 Slideways 34
pU Factor 19
Application Factors 19 7 Modification 35
Temperature 19 7.1 Cutting and Machining 35
Mating Surface 20 Drilling Oil Holes 35
Bearing Size 20 Cutting Strip Material 35
Bore Burnishing 21
Type of Load 21 7.2 Electroplating 35
DP4® Components 35
4.4 Calculation of Bearing Service Life 22
Specific Load p 22
High Load Factor aE 22
Modified pU Factor 22
Estimation of Bearing Life LH 23
Bore Burnishing 23
Slideways 23
4.5 Worked Examples 24
5
Table of Contents
8 Standard Products 36
8.1 DP4 Cylindrical Bushes
® 36
8.2 DP4® Flanged Bushes 42
8.3 DP4® Thrust Washers 44
8.4 DP4 Flanged Washers
® 45
8.5 DP4 Strip
®
46
8.6 DP4-B Cylindrical Bushes 47
8.7 DP4-B Flanged Bushes 50
8.8 DP4-B Strip 51
9 Test Methods 52
9.1 Measurement of Wrapped Bushes 52
Test A of ISO 3547 Part 2 52
Test B (alternatively to Test A) 52
Test C 52
Measurement of Wall Thickness
(alternatively to Test C) 52
Test D 52
10 Data Sheet for Bearing Design 53

Formula Symbols and Designations 54
Product Information 55
6 GGBEARINGS.COM
1 Introduction
The purpose of this handbook is to provide comprehensive technical information on the characteristics of DP4® and DP4-B
bearings.
The information given permits designers to establish the correct size of bearing required and the expected life and performance.
In addition, your local sales representative is available to assist you with your design. Complete information on the range of DP4®
standard stock products is given together with details of other DP4® products.
GGB is continually refining and extending its experimental and theoretical knowledge and, therefore, when using this brochure it is
always worth-while to contact GGB should additional information be required.
As it is impossible to cover all conditions of operation which arise in practice, customers are advised to carry out prototype testing
wherever possible.
1.1 CHARACTERISTICS AND ADVANTAGES

The DP4® and DP4-B materials offer the following In particular, depending on the dry running conditions, DP4®
characteristics: and DP4-B materials present the following performance
advantages:
― Good frictional properties with negligible stick-slip
Dry conditions
― High static and dynamic load capacity
― Good friction and wear performance under light duty
― Suitable for rotating, oscillating, reciprocating and sliding
conditions
movements
― Particularly suitable for intermittent oscillating and
― Compact size and low weight
reciprocating movements
― Prefinished that requires no machining after assembly ― Maintenance free as no external lubrication required
― Possibility to burnish for reduced operating clearance ― Seizure resistant.
― No water absorption and therefore dimensionally stable Lubricated conditions
― Suitable for a wide operating temperature range from ― Good wear and friction performance over a wide range of
- 200 to +280 °C load, speed and temperature conditions
― DP4-B with bronze backing for increased corrosion ― High wear resistance in boundary operating conditions
resistance
― High resistance of bearing surface under fluid cavitation
― Lead free in compliance with European RoHS
and flow erosion conditions
2002/95/EC, 2002/96/EC and EVL 2000/53/EC directives
(see page 55) ― Suitable for operation in diverse fluids (oil, fuel, solvents,
refrigerants, water).
7
1 Introduction
1.2 APPLICATIONS
Given the performance characteristics in both dry and lubricated operating conditions, DP4® and DP4-B bearing materials are
extensively used in a wide range of automotive and industrial applications, such as:
Automotive
Braking systems, clutches, gearbox and transmissions, hinges - door bonnet and boot, convertible roof tops, pedal systems,
pumps - axial, radial, gear and vane, seat mechanisms, steering systems, struts and shock absorbers, wiper systems.
Industrial
Aerospace, agricultural, construction equipment, food and beverage, marine, material handling, office equipment, packaging
equipment, pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders, railroad and tramways, textile machinery, valves.
8 GGBEARINGS.COM
2 Structure and Composition
DP4 / DP4-B ® Polytetrafluorethylene

(PTFE) + fillers and
polymer fibres
DP4® is a composite bearing material. It consists of a steel Porous sinter bronze interlayer
DP4® / bronze DP4-B backing to which is bonded a porous sinter
bronze interlayer which is overlaid and impregnated with
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) containing a mixture of inorganic
Steel backing
fillers and special polymer fibres. The steel DP4® / bronze DP4-B
backing provides mechanical strength and the bronze sinter Fig.1: DP4 microsection
layer provides a strong mechanical bond for the filled bearing
lining. Polytetrafluorethylene
(PTFE) + fillers and
polymer fibres
Porous sinter bronze interlayer
2.1 BASIC FORMS Bronze backing
Standard Components Fig.2: DP4-B microsection
These products are manufactured to International, National or

GGB standards. The following components are standard stock
products:
— Cylindrical Bushes — Flanged Bushes — Thrust Washers — Flanged Washers — Strip Material
Fig.3: Standard stock products
Non-standard Components
These products are manufactured to customer's requirements and include for example:
— Modified Standard Components — Half Bearings — Flat Components — Deep Drawn Parts — Pressings — Stampings
Fig.4: Non-standard components
9
3 Properties
3.1 PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
VALUE
BEARING PROPERTIES SYMBOL UNIT COMMENTS
DP4® DP4-B
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Coefficient of linear parallel to surface α1 11 18
10-6/K
thermal expansion normal to service α2 30 36
Tmax +280 +280
Operating temperature °C
Tmin - 200 - 200
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
measured on disc
Compressive yield strength σC MPa 350 300
Ø 25 mm x 2.45 mm thick
static psta.max 250 140
Maximum load MPa
dynamic pdyn.max 140 140
Table 1: Physical and mechanical properties of DP4 and DP4-B
3.2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

The following table provides an indication of the chemical resistance of DP4® and DP4-B to various chemical media.
It is recommended that the chemical resistance is confirmed by testing if possible.
CHEMICAL % °C DP4® DP4-B CHEMICAL °C DP4® DP4-B
STRONG ACIDS SOLVENTS

Hydrochloric Acid 5 20 - - Acetone 20 + +
Nitric Acid 5 20 - - Carbon Tetrachloride 20 + +
Sulfuric Acid 5 20 - - LUBRICANTS AND FUELS
WEAK ACIDS Paraffin 20 + +
Acetic Acid 5 20 - o Gasolene 20 + +
Formic Acid 5 20 - o Kerosene 20 + +
BASES Diesel Fuel 20 + +
Ammonia 10 20 o - Mineral Oil 70 + +
Sodium Hydroxide 5 20 o o HFA-ISO46 High Water Fluid 70 + +
HFC-Water-Glycol 70 + +
HFD-Phosphate Ester 70 + +
Water 20 o +
Sea Water 20 - o
+ Satisfactory: Corrosion damage is unlikely to occur Table 2: Chemical Resistance of DP4 and DP4-B
o Acceptable: Some corrosion damage may occur but this will not be sufficient to impair either the structural integrity
or the tribological performance of the material
- Unsatisfactory: Corrosion damage will occur and is likely to affect either the structural integrity and/or the
tribological performance of the material
Electrochemical Corrosion
DP4-B should not be used in conjunction with aluminium housings due to the risk of electrochemical corrosion in the
presence of water or moisture.
10 GGBEARINGS.COM
3.3 FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES
DP4® bearings show negligible 'stick-slip' and provide smooth sliding between adjacent surfaces. The coefficient of friction of
DP4® depends upon:
— The specific load p [MPa] — The sliding speed U [m/s] — The roughness of the mating running surface Ra [μm]
— The bearing temperature T [°C].
A typical relationship is shown in Fig. 5, which can be used as a guide to establish the actual friction under clean, dry conditions
after running in. Exact values may vary by ±20 % depending on operating conditions. Before running in, the friction may be up to
50 % higher.
After progressively longer periods of dwell under load (e.g. hours or days) the static coefficient of friction on the first movement
may be between 1.5 and 3 times greater, particularly before running in.
Effect of Temperature for Unlubricated Applications
The coefficient of friction of DP4® varies with temperature. Typical values are shown in Fig. 6 for temperatures up to 250 °C.
Friction increases at bearing temperatures below 0 °C. Where frictional characteristics are critical to a design they should be
established by prototype testing.
Example:
Specific load p = 1.4 MPa
Sliding speed U = 0.005 m/s
Friction coefficient f = 0.175
0.30
0.25 0.25 - 0.30

Friction coefficient f
0.20
0.20 - 0.25
0.15 2.5
2.0 0.15 - 0.20
0.10 1.5
1.0 /s] 0.10 - 0.15
0.05 0.1 [m
U
d
0.01
ee 0.05 - 0.10
0.00 0.001 sp
0.1 n g
i di
Sl
1.0 0.0001
Fig. 5: Variation of friction coefficient f
0.00 - 0.05
Specifi 10
0.00001
c load 100 with specific load p and sliding speed U
p [MP at temperature T = 25 °C
a]
Example:
Specific load p = 4 MPa
Temperature T= 40 °C
Friction coefficient f = 0.14
0.30
0.25 - 0.30
0.25
Friction coefficient f
0.20 250
0.20 - 0.25
200
0.15 0.15 - 0.20
150
0.10 125
]
100 [°C 0.10 - 0.15
0.05
eT
75
tur 0.05 - 0.10
0.00 ra
0.1
50
pe
m
1.0 25 Te Fig. 6: Variation of friction coefficient f 0.00 - 0.05
Spec 10 with specific load p and temperature T
i fic lo 100 0
at sliding speed U = 0.01 m/s
ad p
[MP
a]
11
4 Bearing Performance
4.1 MCPHERSON STRUT APPLICATIONS
DP4® has been developed to provide improved wear, erosion resistance and reduced friction in McPherson strut piston rod
guide bush applications under the most demanding of operating conditions.
In the following sections, the performance of DP4® is compared with that of the material used in the majority of this type of
application.
Wear and friction properties
The wear and frictional performance of DP4® has been evaluated in the piston rod guide bush application of a McPherson strut
shock absorber using the test rig shown in Fig. 7. The test conditions are designed to simulate the operational duty of the test
strut in service and differ in detail according to the strut manufacturer. The test conditions used are given in Table 3 and Table 4.
McPherson strut test rig
Servo Controlled
Hydraulic Actuator
Operating Cycle
Pillar and Bush Guides Displacement Sinusoidal Wear Test
Test Strut with

Temperature Controlled Side Load
Water Cooling Jacket Cylinder
Time
Fig. 7: Principle of the strut test rig
STRUT WEAR - TEST CONDITIONS
Waveform Sine
Frequency 2.5 Hz
Side load 890 N
Test duration 100 hours
Stroke 100 mm
Mean diametral clearance 0.06 mm
Lubricant TEX 0358
Foot valve temperature 70 °C
Table 3: McPherson strut wear test conditions
12 GGBEARINGS.COM
STRUT FRICTION - TEST CONDITIONS
Waveform Sine
Frequency 0.1 Hz
Side load 600 N
Stroke 70 mm
Mean diametral clearance 0.06 mm
Lubricant TEX 0358
Foot valve temperature ambient
Table 4: McPherson strut friction test conditions
The relative wear and frictional performance of DP4® tested under these conditions are shown in Figures 8 - 10. Actual results
for the wear rate and friction are not quoted because these depend strongly on the actual test conditions and design of the strut
under test. The relative performance plots shown thus provide the best indication as to the benefits offered by DP4® in this
class of application.
1.25 1.0
1.0
0.75
0.75
0.50
Standard
Standard
material
material
0.50
DP4®
DP4®
0 .25
0 .25
0.0 0.0
Fig. 8: Relative wear resistance Fig. 9: Relative static friction coefficient
1.0
0.75
0.50
Standard
material
DP4®
0 .25
0.0
Fig. 10: Relative dynamic friction coefficient
13
Cavitation Erosion Resistance
Under certain operating conditions, the PTFE lining of the McPherson strut piston rod guide bush can suffer erosion damage, due to
cavitation and flow erosion effects from the oil film within the bearing. The test rig shown in Fig. 11 is designed to reproduce the
cavitation erosion damage to the bearing lining of the test specimen.
The test conditions are given in Table 5.
20 kHz Piezo-Electric
Transducer
Horn vibration produces vapour

Clamps Vibrating bubbles in gap, which implode on
Amplifying Horn the surface of the sample, causing
cavitation erosion damage
Coupling
Media (Oil)
Saddle Flat Test

Specimen
Test Cell
or Pot
Fig. 11: Principle of the cavitation erosion test rig
CAVITATION EROSION - TEST CONDITIONS
Amplitude 0.015 mm
Frequency 20 kHz
Separation 1 mm
Test duration 30 minutes
Lubricant TEX 0358
Temperature ambient
Table 5: Cavitation erosion test conditions
The relative resistance to cavitation damage of DP4® as

evaluated on this test rig is shown in Fig. 12. 5
4
Standard
material
2
DP4®
Fig. 12: Relative resistance to cavitation erosion
14 GGBEARINGS.COM
Flow Erosion Resistance
The test rig shown in Fig. 13 is designed to reproduce flow erosion damage to the bearing lining of the test specimen.
The test conditions are given in Table 6.
Pump & Test Bearing

Cooler
Tank
Fig. 13: Principle of the flow erosion test rig
FLOW EROSION - TEST CONDITIONS
Bearing diameter 20 mm
Bearing length 15 mm
Diametral clearing 0.11 mm
Pressure 13.8 MPa
Flow rate 5 l/min
Test duration 20 hours
Shaft surface finish 0.15 μm ±0.05
Temperature ambient
Table 6: Flow erosion test conditions 3
The relative resistance to flow erosion damage of DP4® as

evaluated on this test rig is shown in Fig. 14. 2
DP4®
1
Standard
material
Fig. 14: Relative resistance to flow erosion
15
4.2 HYDRAULIC APPLICATIONS
DP4 also shows excellent wear and frictional performance in a wide range of oil lubricated hydraulic applications. The wear
resistance of DP4 under steady load oil immersed boundary lubrication conditions has been evaluated using the test rig
shown in Fig. 15. The test conditions are given in Table 7.
GGB Jupiter Test Rig
Slave Bush Test Bush Slave Bush
Variable Speed
Unidirectional Rotation
Test Shaft
Diaphragm Air Cylinder
Fig. 15: Principle of the GGB Jupiter test rig
LUBRICATED WEAR - TEST CONDITIONS
Bearing diameter 20 mm
Bearing length 15 mm
Mean diametral clearing 0.10 mm
Speed 0.11 m/s
Lubricant ISO VG 46 hydraulic oil
Table 7: Lubricated wear test conditions
The relative pU limits with boundary lubrication of DP4® and the

material used in many high performance hydraulic pump
applications as determined from these tests are shown in Fig. 16. 2.0
The limiting pU depends upon the actual operating conditions
and hence the relative performance only is given for guidance.
1.5
1.0
Standard
material
DP4®
0.5
0.0
Fig. 16: Relative pU limits
16 GGBEARINGS.COM
4.3 DRY WEAR PERFORMANCE
Desgin Factors
The main parameters when determining the size or calculating the service life for a DP4® bearing are:
― Specific load limit plim ― Mating surface material
― pU Factor ― Temperature T
― Mating surface roughness Ra ― Other environmental factors e.g. housing design, dirt,
lubricationtions.
The following calculation can be used to estimate the bearing service life of DP4® under dry running conditions.
Specific Load p
For the purpose of assessing bearing performance the specific load p is defined as the working load divided by the
projected area of the bearing and is expressed in MPa.
Cylindrical Bush Thrust Washer Flanged Bush (Axial Loading)

(4.3.1) [MPa] (4.3.2) [MPa] (4.3.3) [MPa]
F 4F F
p= p= p=
Di . B π . (Do2 - Di2) 0,04 . (Dfl2 - Di2)
Slideway
(4.3.4) [MPa]
F
p=
L.W
Di B
Specific Load Limit plim Projected Area

A = Di . B
The maximum load which can be applied to a DP4® bearing can be expressed in
terms of the Specific Load Limit, which depends on the type of the loading. It is Fig. 17: Projected Area
highest under steady loads. Conditions of dynamic load or oscillating movement

which produce fatigue stress in the bearing result in a reduction in the permissible
Specific Load Limit.
In general the specific load on a DP4® bearing should not exceed the Specific Load
Limits given in Table 8.
The values of Specific Load Limit specified in Table 8 assume good alignment
between the bearing and mating surface (Fig. 35, page 33).
17
Maximum Specific Load plim
TYPE OF LOADING / plim [MPa]

Steady load - rotating movement plim 140
Steady load - oscillating movement
plim 140 140 115 95 85 80 60 44 30 20
4 5 6 7
Number of movement cycles Q 1000 2000 4000 6000 8000 10 10 10 10 108
Dynamic load - rotating or oscillating movement
plim 60 60 50 46 42 40 30 22 15 10
4 5 6 7
Number of load cycles Q 1000 2000 4000 6000 8000 10 10 10 10 108
Table 8: Maximum specific load plim
Permanent deformation of the DP4® bearing lining may occur for specific loads above 140 MPa unless with slow intermittent
movements. Under these conditions, it is recommended to contact GGB for further information.
The permissible maximum load on a thrust washer is higher than that on the flange of a flanged bush, and under conditions of
high axial loads a thrust washer should be specified.
Sliding Speed U
Speeds in excess of 2.5 m/s sometimes lead to overheating, and a running in procedure may be beneficial. This could
consist of a series of short runs progressively increasing in duration from an initial run of a few seconds.
Continuous Rotation
Cylindrical Bush Thrust Washer
(4.3.5) [m/s] (4.3.6) [m/s]
Do + Di . .
π N
D .π.N 2
U= i . 3 U=
60 10 60 . 103
j j
Oscillating Movement
2 3
Cylindrical Bush Thrust Washer 1 4
(4.3.7) [m/s] (4.3.8) [m/s]

Do + Di .
π
Di . π . 4j . NOSZ 2 .
. 4j NOSZ
U= U=
60 . 103 360 60 . 103 360
Figure 18: Oscillating cycle j
18 GGBEARINGS.COM
pU Factor
The useful operating life of a DP4® bearing is governed by the pU factor, the product of the specific load p [MPa] and the
sliding speed U [m/s].
For thrust washers and flanged bush thrust faces the rubbing velocity at the mean diameter is used.
pU factors up to 1.0 MPa x m/s can be accommodated for short periods, whilst for continuous rating, pU factors up to
0.5 MPa x m/s can be used, depending upon the operating life required.
DU UNIT Calculation of pU Factor

p 140 MPa (4.3.9) [MPa . m/s]
U 2.5 m/s pU = p . U
pU continuous 0.5 MPa . m/s
pU intermittent 1.0 MPa . m/s
Table 9: Typical data p, U and pU
Applicaton Factors
The following factors influence the bearing performance of DP4® and must be considered in calculating the required
dimension or estimating the bearing life for a particular application.
Temperature
The useful life of a DP4® bearing depends upon the operating temperature.
Under dry running conditions frictional heat is generated at the rubbing surface of the bearing dependent on the pU
condition. For a given pU factor the operating temperature of the bearing depends upon the temperature of the
surrounding environment, the heat dissipation properties of the housing and the mating surface. Intermittent operation
affects the heat dissipation from the assembly and hence the operating temperature of the bearing.
The effect of temperature on the operating life of DP4® bearings is indicated by the factor aT shown in Table 10.
TEMPERATURE OF BEARING ENVIRONMENT Tamb [°C]

MODE OF OPERATION NATURE OF HOUSING AND TEMPERATURE APPLICATION FACTOR aT
[°C] 25 60 100 150 200 280
Dry continuous operation Average heat dissipating qualities 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1
Light pressings or isolated housing with
Dry continuous operation 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 -
poor heat dissipating qualities
Non-metallic housings with bad heat
Dry continuous operation 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 - -
dissipating qualities
Dry intermittent operation (duration less
Average heat dissipating qualities 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.2
than 2 min, followed by a longer dwell period)
Table 10: Temperature application factor aT
19
Mating Surface
The effect of the mating surface material type on the operating life of DP4® bearings is indicated by the mating surface
factor aM and the life correction constant aL shown in Table 11.
MATERIAL aM aL Note:
Steel and Cast Iron The factor values given assume a mating surface
Carbon Steel 1 400 finish of Ra = 0.4 ± 0.1 μm.
Carbon Manganese Steel 1 400
― A ground surface is preferred to fine turned
Alloy Steel 1 400
Case Hardened Steel 1 400
― Surfaces should be cleaned of abrasive particles
Nitrided Steel 1 400
after polishing
Salt bath nitrocarburised 1 400
Stainless Steel ― Cast iron surfaces should be ground to Ra = 0.3 ±
2 400
(7-10 % Ni, 17-20 % Cr) 0.1 μm
Cast Iron (0.3 ± 0.1 µm Ra) 1 400
― The grinding cut should be in the same direction as
Table 11: Mating surface factor aM and life correction constant aL
the bearing motion relative to the shaft
Bearing Size
The running clearance of a DP4® bearing increases with bearing diameter resulting in a proportionally smaller contact
area between the shaft and bearing. This reduction in contact area has the effect of increasing the actual unit load and
hence pU factor. The bearing size factor (Fig. 20) is used in the design calculations to allow for this effect.
Figure 19: Contact area between bearing and shaft
20 GGBEARINGS.COM
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.9
Bearing size factor aB
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1 5 6 7 8 910 50 100 500
Shaft diameter DJ [mm]

Fig. 20: Bearing size factor aB
Bore Burnishing
Burnishing or machining the bore of a DP4® bearing results in a reduction in the wear performance. The application factor
aC given in table 12 is used in the design calculations to allow for this effect. Machining DP4® is not recommended.
DEGREE OF SIZING APPLICATION FACTOR aC
BURNISHING 0.025 mm 0.8

Excess of burnishing tool diameter over 0.038 mm 0.6
mean bore size 0.050 mm 0.3
Table 12: Bore burnishing or machining application factor aC
Type of Load
The type of load is considered in formula (4.4.9) page 23 and (4.4.10) page 23.
F
2 F
F
2
F
2
F
F 2
Fig. 21: Steady load, bush stationary, shaft rotating Fig. 22: Rotating load, shaft stationary, bush rotating
21
4.4 CALCULATION OF BEARING SERVICE LIFE
Where the size of a bearing is governed largely by the space available the following calculation can be used to
determine whether its useful life will satisfy the requirements. If the calculated life is inadequate, a larger
bearing should be considered.
Specific Load p
Bushes Flanged bushes Thrust washers
(4.4.1) [MPa] (4.4.2) [MPa] (4.4.3) [MPa]
F F 4F
p= p= p=
Di . B 0.04 . (Dfl2-Di2) p . (Do2-Di2)
High load factor aE

(4.4.4) [-]
p -p
aE = lim
plim If aE is negative then the bearing is overloaded.
plim see Table 8, Page 18 Increase the bearing diameter and/or length.
Modified pU Factor
Bushes Flanged bushes Thrust washers
(4.4.5) [MPa . m/s] (4.4.6) [MPa . m/s] (4.4.7) [MPa . m/s]
5.25 10 F . N
. -5 6.5 10 F . N
. -4 3.34 10 F . N
. -5
pU = pU = pU =
aE . B . aT . aM . aB aE (Dfl-Di) . aT . aM . aB
. aE (Do-Di) . aT . aM . aB
.
For oscillating movement, calculate

the average rotational speed.
(4.4.8) [1/min]
4j . Nosz
N=
360
j j
2 3
1 4
Figure 23: Oscillating cycle j
22 GGBEARINGS.COM
Estimation of Bearing Life LH
Bushes (Steady load) Bushes (Rotating load) Flanged Bushes (Axial load)
(4.4.9) [h] (4.4.10) [h] (4.4.11) [h]
265 530 175
LH = - aL LH = - aL LH = - aL
pU pU pU
Thrust Washers
(4.4.12) [h]
175
LH = - aL
pU
Bore Burnishing
If the DP4® bush is bore burnished then this must be allowed for in estimating the bearing life by the application factor aC
(Table 12, page 21).
Estimated Bearing Life

(4.4.13) [h]
LH = LH . aC
For Oscillating Movements or Dynamic Loads

Calculate estimated number of cycles ZT
(4.4.14) [cycles]
Check that ZT is less than total number of cycles Q for the operating specific
ZT = LH . Nosc . 60
load p (Table 8, page 18)
for oscillating movements
If ZT < Q, LH will be limited by wear after ZT cycles.

(4.4.15) [cycles]
If ZT > Q, LH will be limited by fatigue after ZT cycles.
ZT = LH . C . 60
for dynamic loads
Slideways
Speed Temperature and
Specific Load Factor Material Application Factors Relative Contact Area Factor
(4.4.16) [-] (4.4.17) [-] (4.4.18) [-]
F 280 . aT . aM A
aE1 = A - aE2 = aE3 =
plim F.U AM
If negative the bearing is overloaded and

the bearing area should be increased.
Estimated Bearing Life

(4.4.19) [h] Note:
Estimated bearing lives greater than 4000 h are subject to
LH = aE1 . aE2 . aE3 - aL error due to inaccuracies in the extrapolation of test data.
23
4.5 WORKED EXAMPLES
Cylindrical Bush Thrust Washer
Given: Given:
Load Details Steady Load Inside Diameter Di 40 mm Load Details Axial Load Outside Diameter Do 62 mm
Continuous Rotation Length B 30 mm Continuous Rotation Inside Diameter Di 38 mm
Shaft Steel Bearing Load F 5.000 N Shaft Steel Bearing Load F 6.500 N
Unlubricated at 25°C Rotational Speed N 25 . 1/min Unlubricated at 25°C Rotational Speed N 10 . 1/min
Calculation Constants and Application Factors Calculation Constants and Application Factors
Specific Load Limit plim 140 MPa (Table 8, page 18) Specific Load Limit plim 140 MPa (Table 8, page 18)
Temperature Application Factor aT 1.0 (Table 10, page 19) Temperature Application Factor aT 1.0 (Table 10, page 19)
Material Application Factor aM 1.0 (Table 11, page 20) Material Application Factor aM 1.0 (Table 11, page 20)
Bearing Size Factor aB 0.85 (Fig. 20, page 21) Bearing Size Factor aB 0.85 (Fig. 20, page 21)
Life Correction Constant aL 400 (Table 11, page 20) Life Correction Constant aL 400 (Table 11, page 20)
Calculation Ref Value Calculation Ref Value

Specific Load p (4.4.1) F 5.000 Specific Load p (4.4.3) 4 . 6.500
p= = = 4.17 p= = 3.45
[MPa] Page 22 Di . B 40 . 30 [N/mm2] Page 22 3.14 .(622 - 382)
Sliding Speed U (4.3.5) D .π.N 40 . 3.14 . 25 Sliding Speed U (4.3.6) (62 + 38) .
U= i = = 0.052 3,14 . 10
[m/s] Page 18 60 . 103 60 . 103 [m/s] Page 18 U=
2 = 0.026
plim - p 140 - 4.17 60 . 103
High Load Factor (4.4.4) aE = = = 0.97
aE [-] must be > 0 Page 22 plim 140 High Load Factor (4.4.4) plim - p 140 - 3.45
aE = = = 0.975
aE [-] must be > 0 Page 22 plim 140
Modified pU (4.4.5) 5.25 . 10-5F . N
pU = = 0.27
Factor Page 22 aE . B . aT . aM . aB Modified pU (4.4.7) 3.34 . 10-5 . 6.500 . 10
pU = = 0.11
[MPa . m/s] Factor Page 22 0.975 . (62 - 38) . 1 . 1 . 0.85
[MPa . m/s]
Life LH [h] (4.4.9) 265 265
LH = - aL = - 400 = 581
Page 23 pU 0.27 Life LH [h] (4.4.12) 175 175
LH = - aL = - 400 = 1191
Page 23 pU 0.11
Flanged Bush
Given:
Load Details Axial Load Flange Outside Ø Dfl 23 mm
Continuous Rotation Inside Diameter Di 15 mm
Shaft Steel Bearing Load F 250 N
Unlubricated at 25°C Rotational Speed N 5 . 1/min
Calculation Constants and Application Factors

Specific Load Limit plim 140 MPa (Table 8, page 18)
Temperature Application Factor aT 1.0 (Table 10, page 19)
Material Application Factor aM 1.0 (Table 11, page 20)
Bearing Size Factor aB 1.0 (Fig. 20, page 21)
Life Correction Constant aL 400 (Table 11, page20)
Calculation Ref Value

Specific Load p (4.4.2) 250
p= = 20.55
[N/mm2] Page 22 0.04 .(232 - 152)
Sliding Speed U (4.3.6) (23 + 15) .
3.14 . 5
[m/s] Page 18 2 = 0.005
U=
60 . 103
High Load Factor (4.4.4) plim - p 140 - 20.55
aE = = = 0.853
aE [-] must be > 0 Page 22 plim 140
Modified pU (4.4.6) 6.5 . 10-4 . 250 . 5
pU = = 0,119
Factor Page 22 0.853 . (23 - 15) . 1 . 1 . 1
[N/mm2 . m/s]
Life LH [h] (3.8.11) 175 175
LH = - aL = - 400 = 1071
Page 21 pU 0.119
24 GGBEARINGS.COM
5 Lubrication
DP4® provides excellent performance in lubricated applications. The following sections describe the basics of lubrication and
provide guidance on the application of DP4® in such environments.
5.1 LUBRICANTS
DP4® can be used with most fluids including: bronze interlayer. Where there is doubt about the
suitability of a fluid, a simple test is to submerge a
― water
sample of DP4® material in the fluid for two to or three
― lubricating oils weeks at 15-20 °C above the operating temperature.
The following will usually indicate that the fluid is not

― engine oil
suitable for use with DP4®:
― turbine oil
― A significant change in the thickness of the DP4®
― hydraulic fluid material,
― solvent ― a visible change in the bearing surface other than

some discolouration or staining,
― refrigerants
― a visible change in the microstructure of the bronze
In general, the fluid will be acceptable if it does not
interlayer.
chemically attack the PTFE/lead overlay or the porous
5.2 TRIBOLOGY
There are three modes of lubricated bearing operation These three modes of operation depend upon:
which relate to the thickness of the developed lubricant
― Bearing dimensions
film between the bearing and the mating surface.
― Clearance
― Hydrodynamic lubrication
― Load
― Mixed film lubrication
― Speed
― Boundary lubrication
― Lubricant Viscosity
― Lubricant Flow
Hydrodynamic lubrication
Characterised by: Hydrodynamic conditions occur when:
― Complete separation of the shaft from the bearing (5.2.1) [MPa]

by the lubricant film U.η. B
p≤
7.5 Di
― Very low friction and no wear of the bearing or shaft
since there is no contact.
― Coefficients of friction of 0,001 to 0,01
Figure 24: Hydrodynamic lubrication
25
5 Lubrication
Mixed Film Lubrication
Characterised by:
― Combination of hydrodynamic and boundary ― DP4® provides low friction and high wear resistance to
lubrication. support the boundary lubricated element of the load.
― Part of the load is carried by localised areas of self

pressurised lubricant and the remainder supported by
boundary lubrication.
― Friction and wear depend upon the degree of

hydrodynamic support developed. Figure 25: Mixed film lubrication
Boundary Lubrication
Characterised by:
― Rubbing of the shaft against the bearing with virtually ― The dynamic coefficient of friction with DP4® is
no lubricant separating the two surfaces. typically 0.05 to 0.3 under boundary lubrication
conditions.
― Bearing material selection is critical to performance
― Shaft wear is likely due to contact between bearing ― The static coefficient of friction with DP4® is typically
and shaft. slightly above the dynamic coefficient of friction under
boundary lubrication conditions.
― The excellent self lubricating properties of DP4®
material minimises wear under these conditions.
Figure 26: Boundary lubrication
26 GGBEARINGS.COM
5.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF LUBRICATED DP4® BEARINGS
DP4® is particularly effective in the most demanding of
lubricated applications where full hydrodynamic
operation cannot be maintained, for example:
― High load conditions ― Sparse lubrication
In highly loaded applications operating under Many applications require the bearing to operate with
boundary or mixed film conditions DP4® shows less than the ideal lubricant supply, typically with
excellent wear resistance and low friction. splash or mist lubrication only. DP4® requires
significantly less lubricant than conventional metallic
― Start up and shut down under load bearings.
With insufficient speed to generate a hydrodynamic
― Non lubricating fluids
film the bearing will operate under boundary or mixed
film conditions. DP4® minimises wear and requires DP4® operates satisfactorily in low viscosity and non
less start up torque than conventional metallic lubricating fluids such as water and some process
bearings. fluids.
Note the following however:

If a DP4 bearing is required to run dry after running in ― Using the viscosity temperature relationships
water under non hydrodynamic conditions then the wear presented in Table 13:
resistance will be substantially reduced due to an - Determine the viscosity in centipoise of the lubricant.
increased amount of bedding in wear.
Note:
Fig. 27, page 28 shows the three lubrication regimes Viscosity is a function of operating temperature. If the
discussed above plotted on a graph of sliding speed vs operating temperature of the fluid is unknown, a
the ratio of specific load to lubricant viscosity. provisional temperature of 25 °C above ambient can be
used.
― Using the formula in Section 4:
- Calculate the specific load p,
- calculate the shaft surface speed U.
VISCOSITY ŋ [cP]
Temperature [°C] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Lubricant
ISO VG 32 310 146 77 44 27 18 13 9.3 7.0 5.5 4.4 3.6 3.0 2.5 2.2
ISO VG 46 570 247 121 67 40 25 17 12 9.0 6.9 5.4 4.4 3.6 3.0 2.6
ISO VG 68 940 395 190 102 59 37 24 17 12 9.3 7.2 5.8 4.7 3.9 3.3
ISO VG 100 2110 780 335 164 89 52 33 22 15 11.3 8.6 6.7 5.3 4.3 3.6
ISO VG 150 3600 1290 540 255 134 77 48 31 21 15 11 8.8 7.0 5.6 4.6
Diesel oil 4.6 4.0 3.4 3.0 2.6 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.95
Petrol 0.6 0.56 0.52 0.48 0.44 0.40 0.36 0.33 0.31
Kerosene 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.95 0.85 0.75 0.65 0.60 0.55
Water 1.79 1.30 1.0 0.84 0.69 0.55 0.48 0.41 0.34 0.32 0.28
Table 13: Dynamic viscosity
27
5 Lubrication
5.4 DESIGN GUIDANCE
10
Increased clearances
Area 4 may be necessary
Specific bearing load p [MPa]
Area 1 Detail bearing design may

Effectively dry rubbing be necessary - consult the
1.0 company
Viscosity η [cP]
Area 2
Conditions:
Mixed film lubrication
0.1 - Steady unidirectional loading
- Continuous, non reversing
shaft rotation
Area 3 - Sufficient clearance between
Full hydrodynamic shaft and bearing
lubrication - Sufficient lubricant flow
0.01 0.1 1.0 10
Journal surface speed U [m/s]

Fig. 27: Design guide for lubricated application
Explanation to figure 27
Area 1 Area 4
The bearing will operate with boundary lubrication and These are the most demanding operating conditions.
pU factor will be the major determinant of bearing life. The bearing is operated under either high speed or high
The DP4® bearing performance can be calculated using bearing load to viscosity ratio, or a combination of both.
the method given in section 4, although the result will These conditions may cause:
probably underestimate the bearing life
― excessive operating temperature and/or
Area 2
― high wear rate.
The bearing will operate with mixed film lubrication and
the pU factor is no longer a significant parameter in The bearing performance may be improved by adding
determining the bearing life. The DP4® bearing one or more grooves to the bearing and a shaft surface
performance will depend upon the nature of the fluid finish <0.05 μm Ra.
and the actual service conditions.
Area 3
The bearing will operate with hydrodynamic lubrication.

The bearing wear will be determined only by the
cleanliness of the lubricant and the frequency of start up
and shut down.
28 GGBEARINGS.COM
5.5 CLEARANCES FOR LUBRICATED OPERATION
The recommended shaft and housing diameters given for standard DP4® bushes will provide sufficient clearance for
applications operating with boundary lubrication.
For bearings operating with mixed film or hydrodynamic lubrication it may be necessary to improve the fluid flow through the
bearing by reducing the recommended shaft diameter by approximately 0.1 %, particularly when the shaft surface speed
exceeds 2.5 m/s.
5.6 GROOVING FOR LUBRICATED OPERATION

In demanding applications an axial oil groove will improve the performance of DP4®. Figure 28 shows the recommended form
and location of a single groove with respect to the applied load and the bearing split. GGB can manufacture special DP4®
bearings with embossed or milled grooves on request.
5.7 MATING SURFACE FINISH FOR LUBRICATED OPERATION

― Ra ≤ 0.4 ± 0.1 μm boundary lubrication
― Ra = 0.1 - 0.2 μm mixed film or hydrodynamic conditions
― Ra ≤ 0.05 μm for the most demanding operating conditions
5.8 GREASE LUBRICATION 20° - 60°

5° 0° - Groove Detail Z
0 °-4 4 5°
DP4® is not generally recommended for use with grease gap
Z 10 - 15% of inside
lubrication. In particular the following must be avoided: diameter of bearing
― Dynamic loads - which can result in erosion of the

0.25 - 0.40
PTFE/lead bearing surface. F
― Greases with EP additives or fillers such as graphite

or MoS2 which can cause rapid wear of DP4®.
Under grease lubrication, improved performance can be

Fig. 28: Location of oil holes and grooves
obtained by the use of other GGB metal polymer bearing
materials, for example, DX®, DX®10, DS, HI-EX®.
Please contact your local sales representative or onsult:

https://www.ggbearings.com for more details.
29
6 Bearing Assembly
Dimensions and Tolerances
DP4® bushes are prefinished and excluding very exceptional circumstances, must not be broached, machined or
otherwise modified in the bore. It is essential that the correct running clearance is used and that both the diameter of
the shaft and the bore of the housing are finished to the limits given in the tables. Under dry running conditions any
increase in the clearances given will result in a proportional reduction in performance.
If the bearing housing is unusually flexible the bush will not close in by the calculated amount and the running
clearance will be more than the optimum. In these circumstances the housing should be bored slightly undersize or
the journal diameter increased, the correct size being determined by experiment.
Where free running is essential, or where light loads (less than 0.1 MPa) prevail and the available torque is low,
increased clearance is required and it is recommended that the shaft size quoted in the table be reduced by 0.025 mm.
6.1 ALLOWANCE FOR THERMAL EXPANSION

For operation in high temperature environments the clearance should 0.02
minimum diametral
clearance [mm]
be increased by the amounts indicated by figure 29 to compensate
for the inward thermal expansion of the bearing lining. Increase in 0.01
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Environmental temperature Tamb [°C]

Fig. 29: Increase in diametral clearance
If the housing is non-ferrous then the bore should be reduced by the amounts given in Table 14, in order to give an increased
interference fit to the bush, with a similar reduction in the journal diameter additional to that indicated by figure 29.
REDUCTION IN HOUSING DIAMETER REDUCTION IN SHAFT DIAMETER

HOUSING MATERIAL
PER 100°C RISE PER100°C RISE
Aluminium alloys 0.1 % 0.1 % + values from Fig. 29
Copper base alloys 0.05 % 0.05 % + values from Fig. 29
Steel and cast iron – values from Fig. 29
Zinc base alloys 0.15 % 0.15 % + values from Fig. 29
Table 14: Allowance for high temperature
6.2 TOLERANCES FOR MINIMUM CLEARANCE

Where it is required to keep the variation of assembled clearance to a minimum, closer tolerances can be specified
towards the upper end of the journal tolerance and the lower end of the housing tolerance. If housings to H6 tolerance
are used, then the journals should be finished to the following limits. The sizes in Table 16 give the following nominal
clearance range.
Di DJ Di DJ
> 5 mm < 25 mm -0.019 to -0.029 10 mm 0.009 to 0.080
> 25 mm < 50 mm -0.021 to -0.035 50 mm 0.011 to 0.134
Table 15: Shaft tolarances for use with H6 housings Table 16: Clearance vs bearing diameter
30 GGBEARINGS.COM
Burnishing
The burnishing or fine boring of the bore of an assembled DP4® bush in order to achieve a smaller clearance tolerance is
only permissible if a substantial reduction in performance is acceptable. Fig. 24 shows a recommended burnishing tool for
the sizing of DP4® bushes.
The coining section of the burnishing tool should be case hardened (case depth 0.6 - 1.2 mm,
HRC 60±2) and polished with diamond paste (RZ ≈ 1 μm). A TiN type surface treatment 0.5°
increases the wear resistance of the burnishing tool and when absent gives a visual indication
of burnishing tool wear.
6±2
Note: Ball burnishing of DP4® bushes is not recommended.
The values given in Table 17 indicate the dimensions of the burnishing tool required to give
specific increases in the bearing bore diameter.
B +10
Exact values must be determined by test.
DC
The reduction in bearing performance as a result of burnishing is allowed for in the bearing R 1.5
life calculation by the application factor aC (Table 12, page 21). The impact of burnishing
on the bearing and assembly should be validated by trials.
B
ASSEMBLED BUSH REQUIRED BUSH REQUIRED BURNISHING Di
INSIDE Ø INSIDE Ø TOOL Ø DC
Di,a Di,a + 0.025 Di,a + 0.06 Fig. 30: Burnishing tool
Di,a Di,a + 0.038 Di,a + 0.08

Di,a Di,a + 0.050 Di,a + 0.1
Table 17: Burnishing tool tolerances
Incorrect Correct
6.3 COUNTERFACE DESIGN

The suitability of mating surface materials and recommendations of mating
surface finish for use with DP4® are discussed in detail on page 20.
DP4® is normally used in conjunction with ferrous journals and thrust faces,
but in damp or corrosive surroundings, particularly without the protection of
oil or grease, stainless steel, hard chromium plated mild steel, or hard
anodised aluminium is recommended. When plated mating surfaces are
specified the plating should possess adequate strength and adhesion,
particularly if the bearing is to operate with high fluctuating loads.
The shaft or thrust collar used in conjunction with the DP4® bush or thrust
washer must extend beyond the bearing surface in order to avoid cutting
into it. The mating surface must also be free from grooves or flats, the end
of the shaft should be given a lead-in chamfer and all sharp edges or
projections which may damage the soft overlay of the DP4® must be
removed.
Fig. 31: Counterface Design
31
6 Bearing Assembly
6.4 INSTALLATION
Fitting of Cylindrical Bushes
Do <55 mm Do >55 mm Do >120 mm
15° - 30°
Di
for DH ≤ 125 = 0.8
Di Mounting
for DH ≤ 125 = 0.8
for DH > 125 = 2
for DH > 125 = 2
Ring
DH
DH
Note:
Lightly oil back of bush to assist assembly
Fig. 32: Fitting of cylindrical bushes
Fitting of Flanged Bushes
Detail Z
chamfer min = r max x 45°
0.5 x 15°
Z
r max see flanged bush
drawing, sections 8.2 and 8.7
Fig. 33: Fitting of flanged bushes
Insertion Forces
1000
Maximum insertion force Fi
800
[N/mm unit length]
600
400
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 100
Bush bore diameter D i [mm]

Fig. 34: Maximum Insertion Force Fi
32 GGBEARINGS.COM
Alignment
Accurate alignment is an important consideration for all bearing assemblies, but is particularly so for dry bearings
because there is no lubricant to spread the load. With DP4® bearings misalignment over the length of a bush (or pair of
bushes), or over the diameter of a thrust washer should not exceed 0.020 mm as illustrated in Fig. 35.
Fig. 35: Alignment
Sealing
While DP4® can tolerate the ingress of some contaminant materials into the bearing without loss of performance,
where there is the possibility of highly abrasive material entering the bearing, a suitable sealing arrangement, as
illustrated in Fig. 36 should be provided.
Fig. 36: Recommended sealing arrangements
6.5 AXIAL LOCATION

Where axial location is necessary, it is advisable to fit DP4® thrust washers in conjunction with DP4® bushes, even
when the axial loads are low.
Fitting of thrust washers

DP4® thrust washers should be located in a recess as shown in Fig. 37. For the recess diameter the tolerance class
[D10] is recommended. The recess depth is given in the product tables, page 44 and following. If a recess is not
possible one of the following methods may be used:
― Two dowel pins ― Two screws ― Adhesive ― Soldering (temperature < 320 °C).
33
6 Bearing Assembly
Important Note
― Ensure the washer ID does not touch the shaft after ― DP4® must not be heated above 320 °C
assembly
― Contact adhesive manufacturers for guidance
― Ensure that the washer is mounted with the steel selection of suitable adhesives
backing to the housing
― Protect the bearing surface to prevent contact with
― Dowels pins should be recessed 0.25 mm below the adhesive
bearing surface
― Screws should be countersunk 0.25 mm below the

bearing surface
Fig. 37: Installation of Thrust-Washer
Grooves for Wear Debris Removal

Tests with thrust washers have demonstrated that for optimum dry wear performance at specific loads in excess of
35 MPa, four wear debris removal grooves should be machined in the bearing surface as shown in Fig. 38.
Grooves in bushes have not been found to be beneficial in this respect.
0.1 x Di 0.4 deep
Fig. 38: Debris removal grooves
Slideways
DP4® strip material for use as slideway bearings should be installed using one of the following methods:
― Countersunk screws ― Adhesives ― Mechanical location as shown in Fig. 39
Fig. 39: Mechanical location of DU slideplates
34 GGBEARINGS.COM
7 Modification
7.1 CUTTING AND MACHINING
The modification of DP4® bearing components requires no special procedures. In general it is more satisfactory to
perform machining or drilling operations from the PTFE side in order to avoid burrs. When cutting is done from the
steel side, the minimum cutting pressure should be used and care taken to ensure that any steel or bronze particles
protruding into the remaining bearing material, and all burrs, are removed.
Drilling Oil Holes

Bushes should be adequately supported during the drilling operation to ensure that no distortion is caused by the
drilling pressure.
Cutting Strip Material

DP4® strip material may be cut to size by any one of the ― Cropping
following methods.
― Guillotine (For widths less than 90 mm only)
Care must be taken to protect the bearing surface from
damage and to ensure that no deformation of the strip ― Water-jet cutting
occurs:
― Laser cutting (see Health Warning)
― Using side and face cutter, or slitting saw, with the
strip held flat and securely on a horizontal milling
machine.
7.2 ELECTROPLATING
DP4® Components
In order to provide some protection in mildly corrosive For the harder materials if the specified plating
environments the steel back and end faces of standard thickness exceeds approximately 5 μm then the housing
range DP4® bearings are tin flashed. diameter should be increased by twice the plating
thickness in order to maintain the correct assembled
DP4® can be electroplated with most of the conventional
bearing bore size.
electroplating metals including the following:
Where electrolytic attack is possible tests should be
― zinc ISO 2081
conducted to ensure that all the materials in the bearing
― nickel ISO 1456 environment are mutually compatible.
― hard chromium ISO 1456
35
8 Standard Products
8.1 DP4® CYLINDRICAL BUSHES
B Split
S3
Ci
Di (Di,a)
Do
0.3 min.
20°±8°
Co
Z
Detail Z
Dimensions and Tolerances according to ISO 3547 and GGB-Specifications
Outside Co and Inside Ci Chamfers
WALL THICKNESS Co (a) WALL THICKNESS Co (a)

Ci (b) Ci (b)
S3 MACHINED / ROLLED S3 MACHINED / ROLLED
0.75 0.5 ± 0.3 0.5 ± 0.3 -0.1 to -0.4 2 1.2 ± 0.4 1.0 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.7
1 0.6 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.5 2.5 1.8 ± 0.6 1.2 ± 0.4 -0.2 to -1.0
1.5 0.6 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.7
(a) = chamfer Co machined or rolled at the opinion of the manufacturer

(b) = Ci can be a radius or a chamfer in accordance with ISO 13715
WALL THICKNESS WIDTH SHAFT Ø HOUSING Ø BUSH Ø Di,a CLEARANCE

NOMINAL DIAMETER ASSEMBLY IN
PART NO. S3 B DJ [h6, f7, h8] DH [H6, H7] H6/H7 HOUSING CD
max. max. max. max. max. max.
Di Do min. min. min. min. min. min.
3.25
0203DP4
2.75 2.000 3.508 2.048
2 3.5
5.25 1.994 3.500 2.000
0205DP4
4.75
3.25 0.054
0303DP4
2.75 0.000
5.25 3.000 4.508 3.048
0305DP4 3 4.5
4.75 2.994 4.500 3.000
0.750 6.25
0306DP4 h6 H6
0.730 5.75
3.25
0403DP4
2.75
4.25
0404DP4
3.75 4.000 5.508 4.048 0.056
4 5.5
6.25 3.992 5.500 4.000 0.000
0406DP4
5.75
10.25
0410DP4
9.75
5.25
0505DP4
4.75
8.25 4.990 7.015 5.055
0508DP4 5 7
7.75 4.978 7.000 4.990
10.25
0510DP4
9.75
4.25 0.077
0604DP4
3.75 0.000
1.005 6.25
0606DP4 f7 H7
0.980 5.75 5.990 8.015 6.055
6 8
8.25 5.978 8.000 5.990
0608DP4
7.75
10.25
0610DP4
9.75
5.25
0705DP4
4.75 6.987 9.015 7.055 0.083
7 9
10.25 6.972 9.000 6.990 0.003
0710DP4
9.75
All dimensions in mm
36 GGBEARINGS.COM
6.25
0806DP4
5.75
8.25
0808DP4
7.75 7.987 10.015 8.055 0.083
8 10
10.25 7.972 10.000 7.990 0.003
0810DP4
9.75
12.25
0812DP4
11.75
6.25
1006DP4
5.75
8.25
1008DP4
7.75
10.25
1010DP4
9.75 9.987 12.018 10.058 0.086
10 12
12.25 9.972 12.000 9.990 0.003
1012DP4
11.75
15.25
1015DP4
14.75
20.25
1020DP4
19.75
8.25
1208DP4
7.75
10.25
1210DP4
9.75
12.25
1212DP4
11.75 11.984 14.018 12.058
12 14
15.25 11.966 14.000 11.990
1215DP4
14.75
20.25
1220DP4
19.75
25.25
1225DP4
24.75
10.25
1310DP4
9.75 12.984 15.018 13.058
13 15
1.005 20.25 12.966 15.000 12.990
1320DP4 f7 H7
0.980 19.75
5.25
1405DP4
4.75
10.25
1410DP4
9.75
12.25
1412DP4
11.75 13.984 16.018 14.058
14 16
15.25 13.966 16.000 13.990
1415DP4
14.75 0.092
20.25 0.006
1420DP4
19.75
25.25
1425DP4
24.75
10.25
1510DP4
9.75
12.25
1512DP4
11.75
15.25 14.984 17.018 15.058
1515DP4 15 17
14.75 14.966 17.000 14.990
20.25
1520DP4
19.75
25.25
1525DP4
24.75
10.25
1610DP4
9.75
12.25
1612DP4
11.75
15.25 15.984 18.018 16.058
1615DP4 16 18
14.75 15.966 18.000 15.990
20.25
1620DP4
19.75
25.25
1625DP4
24.75
20.25 16.984 19.021 17.061 0.095
1720DP4 17 19
19.75 16.966 19.000 16.990 0.006
37
8 Standard Products
10.25
1810DP4
9.75
15.25
1815DP4
1.005 14.75 17.984 20.021 18.061 0.095
18 20
0.980 20.25 17.966 20.000 17.990 0.006
1820DP4
19.75
25.25
1825DP4
24.75
10.25
2010DP4
9.75
15.25
2015DP4
14.75
20.25 19.980 23.021 20.071
2020DP4 20 23
19.75 19.959 23.000 19.990
25.25
2025DP4
24.75
30.25
2030DP4
29.75
15.25
2215DP4
14.75
20.25
2220DP4
19.75 21.980 25.021 22.071
22 25
25.25 21.959 25.000 21.990
2225DP4
24.75
30.25
2230DP4
1.505 29.75 0.112
1.475 15.25 0.010
2415DP4
14.75
20.25
2420DP4
19.75 23.980 27.021 24.071
24 27
25.25 23.959 27.000 23.990
2425DP4
24.75
30.25
2430DP4
29.75
15.25
2515DP4 f7 H7
14.75
20.25
2520DP4
19.75
25.25 24.980 28.021 25.071
2525DP4 25 28
24.75 24.959 28.000 24.990
30.25
2530DP4
29.75
50.25
2550DP4
49.75
15.25
2815DP4
14.75
20.25
2820DP4
19.75 27.980 32.025 28.085
28 32
25.25 27.959 32.000 27.990
2825DP4
24.75
30.25
2830DP4
29.75
10.25
3010DP4
9.75 0.126
15.25 0.010
3015DP4
14.75
2.005 20.25
3020DP4
1.970 19.75 29.980 34.025 30.085
30 34
25.25 29.959 34.000 29.990
3025DP4
24.75
30.25
3030DP4
29.75
40.25
3040DP4
39.75
20.25
3220DP4
19.75
30.25 31.975 36.025 32.085 0.135
3230DP4 32 36
29.75 31.950 36.000 31.990 0.015
40.25
3240DP4
39.75
38 GGBEARINGS.COM
20.25
3520DP4
19.75
30.25
3530DP4
29.75
35.25 34.975 39.025 35.085
3535DP4 35 39
34.75 34.950 39.000 34.990
40.25
3540DP4
39.75
50.25
3550DP4
2.005 49.75 0.135
1.970 20.25 36.975 41.025 37.085 0.015
3720DP4 37 41
19.75 36.950 41.000 36.990
20.25
4020DP4
19.75
30.25
4030DP4
29.75 39.975 44.025 40.085
40 44
40.25 39.950 44.000 39.990
4040DP4
39.75
50.25
4050DP4
49.75
20.25
4520DP4
19.75
30.25
4530DP4
29.75
40.25 44.975 50.025 45.105 0.155
4540DP4 45 50
39.75 44.950 50.000 44.990 0.015
45.25
4545DP4
44.75
50.25
4550DP4
49.75
20.25
5020DP4
19.75
30.25
5030DP4 f7 H7
29.75
40.25 49.975 55.030 50.110 0.160
5040DP4 50 55
39.75 49.950 55.000 49.990 0.015
50.25
5050DP4
49.75
60.25
5060DP4
59.75
20.25
5520DP4
19.75
2.505 25.25
5525DP4 2.460 24.75
30.25
5530DP4
29.75
40.25 54.970 60.030 55.110 0.170
5540DP4 55 60
39.75 54.940 60.000 54.990 0.020
50.25
5550DP4
49.75
55.25
5555DP4
54.75
60.25
5560DP4
59.75
20.25
6020DP4
19.75
30.25
6030DP4
29.75
40.25
6040DP4
39.75 59.970 65.030 60.110 0.170
60 65
50.25 59.940 65.000 59.990 0.020
6050DP4
49.75
60.25
6060DP4
59.75
70.25
6070DP4
69.75
39
8 Standard Products
30.25
6530DP4
29.75
50.25 64.970 70.030 65.110
6550DP4 65 70
49.75 64.940 70.000 64.990
70.25
6570DP4
69.75
40.25
7040DP4
2.505 39.75 0.170
f7
2.460 50.25 69.970 75.030 70.110 0.020
7050DP4 70 75
49.75 69.940 75.000 69.990
70.25
7070DP4
69.75
60.25
7560DP4
59.75 74.970 80.030 75.110
75 80
80.25 74.940 80.000 74.990
7580DP4
79.75
40.50
8040DP4
39.50
60.50
8060DP4
59.50 80.000 85.035 80.155
80 85
80.50 79.946 85.000 80.020
8080DP4
79.50
100.50
80100DP4
99.50
30.50
8530DP4
29.50
60.50 85.000 90.035 85.155
8560DP4 85 90
59.50 84.946 90.000 85.020
100.50
85100DP4
99.50
60.50
9060DP4
59.50 90.000 95.035 90.155
90 95
100.50 89.946 95.000 90.020
90100DP4
99.50
H7
60.50
9560DP4
2.490 59.50 95.000 100.035 95.155 0.209
95 100
2.440 100.50 94.946 100.000 95.020 0.020
95100DP4
99.50
50.50
10050DP4
49.50
60.50 100.000 105.035 100.155
10060DP4 100 105
59.50 99.946 105.000 100.020
h8
115.50
100115DP4
114.50
60.50
10560DP4
59.50 105.000 110.035 105.155
105 110
115.50 104.946 110.000 105.020
105115DP4
114.50
60.50
11060DP4
59.50 110.000 115.035 110.155
110 115
115.50 109.946 115.000 110.020
110115DP4
114.50
50.50
11550DP4
49.50 115.000 120.035 115.155
115 120
70.50 114.946 120.000 115.020
11570DP4
69.50
50.50
12050DP4
49.50
60.50 120.000 125.040 120.210 0.264
12060DP4 120 125
59.50 119.946 125.000 120.070 0.070
100.50
120100DP4
2.465 99.50
2.415 100.50 125.000 130.040 125.210
125100DP4 125 130
99.50 124.937 130.000 125.070
60.50 0.273
13060DP4
59.50 130.000 135.040 130.210 0.070
130 135
100.50 129.937 135.000 130.070
130100DP4
99.50
40 GGBEARINGS.COM
60.50
13560DP4
59.50 135.000 140.040 135.210
135 140
80.50 134.937 140.000 135.070
13580DP4
79.50
60.50
14060DP4
59.50 140.000 145.040 140.210
140 145
100.50 139.937 145.000 140.070
140100DP4
99.50
60.50 0.273
15060DP4
59.50 0.070
80.50 150.000 155.040 150.210
15080DP4 150 155
79.50 149.937 155.000 150.070
100.50
150100DP4
99.50
2.465 80.50
16080DP4 h8 H7
2.415 79.50 160.000 165.040 160.210
160 165
100.50 159.937 165.000 160.070
160100DP4
99.50
180.000 185.046 180.216 0.279
180100DP4 180 185
179.937 185.000 180.070 0.070
200.000 205.046 200.216
200100DP4 200 205
199.928 205.000 200.070
210.000 215.046 210.216 0.288
210100DP4 210 215
100.50 209.928 215.000 210.070 0.070
99.50 220.000 225.046 220.216
220100DP4 220 225
219.928 225.000 220.070
250.000 255.052 250.222 0.294
250100DP4 250 255
249.928 255.000 250.070 0.070
300.000 305.052 300.222 0.303
300100DP4 300 305
299.919 305.000 300.070 0.070
41
8 Standard Products
8.2 DP4® FLANGED BUSHES Split
B
Do - Di
rmax =
2
Ci
(Di,a)
Do
Dfl
Di
0.3 min.
S3
20°±8°
Co
Z
Detail Z Sfl

Ci (b) Ci (b)
0.75 0.5 ± 0.3 0.5 ± 0.3 -0.1 to -0.4 2 1.2 ± 0.4 1.0 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.7
1 0.6 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.5 2.5 1.8 ± 0.6 1.2 ± 0.4 -0.2 to -1.0
1.5 0.6 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.7

NOMINAL WALL THICK- FLANGE FLANGE Ø WIDTH SHAFT Ø HOUSING Ø BUSH Ø Di,a CLEARANCE
DIAMETER NESS S3 THICKN. Sfl Dfl B DJ [h6, f7, h8] DH [H6, H7] ASSEMBLY IN CD
PART NO. H6/H7 HOUSING
max. max. max. max. max. max. max. max.
Di Do min. min. min. min. min. min. min. min.
7.50 4.25 3.000 4.508 3.048 0.054
BB0304DP4 3 4.5
0.750 0.80 6.50 3.75 2.994 4.500 3.000 0.000
h6 H6
0.730 0.70 9.50 4.25 4.000 5.508 4.048 0.056
BB0404DP4 4 5.5
8.50 3.75 3.992 4.500 4.000 0.000
10.50 5.25 4.990 7.015 5.055 0.077
BB0505DP4 5 7
9.50 4.75 4.978 7.000 4.990 0.000
4.25
BB0604DP4
12.50 3.75 5.990 8.015 6.055 0.077
6 8
11.50 8.25 5.978 8.000 5.990 0.000
BB0608DP4
7.75
5.75
BB0806DP4
5.25
15.50 7.75 7.987 10.015 8.055 0.083
BB0808DP4 8 10
14.50 7.25 7.972 10.000 7.990 0.003
9.75
BB0810DP4
9.25
7.25
BB1007DP4
6.75
9.25
BB1009DP4
1.005 1.05 18.50 8.75 9.987 12.018 10.058 0.086
10 12 f7 H7
0.980 0.80 17.50 12.25 9.972 12.000 9.990 0.003
BB1012DP4
11.75
17.25
BB1017DP4
16.75
7.25
BB1207DP4
6.75
9.25
BB1209DP4
20.50 8.75 11.984 14.018 12.058
12 14
19.50 12.25 11.966 14.000 11.990
BB1212DP4
11.75 0.092
17.25 0.006
BB1217DP4
16.75
12.25
BB1412DP4
22.50 11.75 13.984 16.018 14.058
14 16
21.50 17.25 13.966 16.000 13.990
BB1417DP4
16.75
42 GGBEARINGS.COM
9.25
BB1509DP4
8.75
23.50 12.25 14.984 17.018 15.058
BB1512DP4 15 17
22.50 11.75 14.966 17.000 14.990
17.25 0.092
BB1517DP4
16.75 0.006
12.25
BB1612DP4
1.005 1.05 24.50 11.75 15.984 18.018 16.058
16 18
0.980 0.80 23.50 17.25 15.966 18.000 15.990
BB1617DP4
16.75
12.25
BB1812DP4
11.75
26.50 17.25 17.984 20.021 18.061 0.095
BB1817DP4 18 20
25.50 16.75 17.966 20.000 17.990 0.006
22.25
BB1822DP4
21.75
11.75
BB2012DP4
11.25
30.50 16.75 19.980 23.021 20.071
BB2017DP4 20 23
29.50 16.25 19.959 23.000 19.990
21.75
BB2022DP4
1.505 1.60 21.25 0.112
f7 H7
1.475 1.30 11.75 0.010
BB2512DP4
11.25
35.50 16.75 24.980 28.021 25.071
BB2517DP4 25 28
34.50 16.25 24.959 28.000 24.990
21.75
BB2522DP4
21.25
16.25
BB3016DP4
42.50 15.75 29.980 34.025 30.085 0.126
30 34
41.50 26.25 29.959 34.000 29.990 0.010
BB3026DP4
25.75
16.25
BB3516DP4
2.005 2.10 47.50 15.75 34.975 39.025 35.085
35 39
1.970 1.80 46.50 26.25 34.950 39.000 34.990
BB3526DP4
25.75 0.135
16.25 0.015
BB4016DP4
53.50 15.75 39.975 44.025 40.085
40 44
52.50 26.25 39.950 44.000 39.990
BB4026DP4
25.75
16.25
BB4516DP4
2.505 2.60 58.50 15.75 44.975 50.025 45.105 0.155
45 50
2.460 2.30 57.50 26.25 44.950 50.000 44.990 0.015
BB4526DP4
25.75
43
8 Standard Products
8.3 DP4® THRUST WASHERS Ha
dD
Hd [D10]
ST Di
dp
Do
INSIDE DIAMETER OUTSIDE DIAMETER THICKNESS DOWEL HOLE RECESS DEPTH

PART NO. Di Do ST Ø dD PCD Ø dp Ha
max. max. max. max.
max. min. max. min. min. min. min. min.
WC08DP4 10.25 10.00 20.00 19.75 No Hole No Hole
1.875 18.12
WC10DP4 12.25 12.00 24.00 23.75
1.625 17.88
20.12
WC12DP4 14.25 14.00 26.00 25.75
19.88
2.375 22.12
WC14DP4 16.25 16.00 30.00 29.75
2.125 21.88
25.12
WC16DP4 18.25 18.00 32.00 31.75
24.88
28.12
WC18DP4 20.25 20.00 36.00 35.75
27.88
1.50 30.12 1.20
WC20DP4 22.25 22.00 38.00 37.75
1.45 3.375 29.88 0.95
3.125 33.12
WC22DP4 24.25 24.00 42.00 41.75
32.88
35.12
WC24DP4 26.25 26.00 44.00 43.75
34.88
38.12
WC25DP4 28.25 28.00 48.00 47.75
37.88
43.12
WC30DP4 32.25 32.00 54.00 53.75
42.88
50.12
WC35DP4 38.25 38.00 62.00 61.75
49.88
4.375 54.12
WC40DP4 42.25 42.00 66.00 65.75
4.125 53.88
61.12
WC45DP4 48.25 48.00 74.00 73.75
60.88
2.00 65.12 1.70
WC50DP4 52.25 52.00 78.00 77.75
1.95 64.88 1.45
76.12
WC60DP4 62.25 62.00 90.00 89.75
75.88
44 GGBEARINGS.COM
8.4 DP4® FLANGED WASHERS 2.00 +0/-0.05 5 ±0,1
r1
,2
8 ±1
5
r1
dp
30°
Dfl
Di
45°
Do
4.8 - 0.6
INSIDE DIAMETER OUTSIDE DIAMETER FLANGE Ø LOCATION Ø

Di Do Dfl dP
PART NO.
max. max. max. max.
min. min. min. min.
40.7 75.0 44.00 65.0
BS40DP4
40.2 74.5 43.90 64.5
51.5 85.0 55.00 75.0
BS50DP4
51.0 84.5 54.88 74.5
61.5 95.0 65.00 85.0
BS60DP4
61.0 94.5 64.88 84.5
71.5 110.0 75.00 100.0
BS70DP4
71.0 109.5 74.88 99.5
81.5 120.0 85.00 110.0
BS80DP4
81.0 119.5 84.86 109.5
91.5 130.0 95.00 120.0
BS90DP4
91.0 129.5 94.86 119.5
101.5 140.0 105.00 130.0
BS100DP4
101.0 139.5 104.86 129.5
45
8 Standard Products
8.5 DP4® STRIP
W u min
W
L Ss
LENGTH L THICKNESS Ss
USABLE WIDTH
PART NO. max. TOTAL WIDTH W max.
min. WU min min.
0.74
S07190DP4
0.70
1.01
S10190DP4
200 190 0.97
503 1.52
S15190DP4
500 1.48
1.98
S20190DP4
1.94
2.46
S25240DP4 254 240
2.42
46 GGBEARINGS.COM
8 Standard Products
8.6 DP4-B CYLINDRICAL BUSHES
B Split
S3
Ci
Di (Di,a)
Do
0.3 min.
20°±8°
Co
Z
Detail Z

Ci (b) Ci (b)
0.75 0.5 ± 0.3 0.5 ± 0.3 -0.1 to -0.4 2 1.2 ± 0.4 1.0 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.7
1 0.6 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.5 2.5 1.8 ± 0.6 1.2 ± 0.4 -0.2 to -1.0
1.5 0.6 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.7


3.25
0203DP4B
2.75 2.000 3.508 2.048
2 3.5
5.25 1.994 3.500 2.000 0.054
0205DP4B
4.75 0.000
0.750 6.25 3.000 4.508 3.048
0306DP4B 3 4.5 h6 H6
0.730 5.75 2.994 4.500 3.000
4.25
0404DP4B
3.75 4.000 5.508 4.048 0.056
4 5.5
6.25 3.992 5.500 4.000 0.000
0406DP4B
5.75
5.25
0505DP4B
4.75 4.990 7.015 5.055
5 7
10.25 4.978 7.000 4.990
0510DP4B
9.75
6.25 0.077
0606DP4B
5.75 0.000
8.25 5.990 8.015 6.055
0608DP4B 6 8
7.75 5.978 8.000 5.990
10.25
0610DP4B
9.75
8.25
0808DP4B
7.75
10.25 7.987 10.015 8.055 0.083
0810DP4B 8 10
1.005 9.75 7.972 10.000 7.990 0.003
f7 H7
0.980 12.25
0812DP4B
11.75
10.25
1010DP4B
9.75 9.987 12.018 10.058 0.086
10 12
15.25 9.972 12.000 9.990 0.003
1015DP4B
14.75
8.25
1208DP4B
7.75
10.25
1210DP4B
9.75 11.984 14.018 12.058 0.092
12 14
12.25 11.966 14.000 11.990 0.006
1212DP4B
11.75
15.25
1215DP4B
14.75
47
8 Standard Products
10.25
1410DP4B
9.75
15.25 13.984 16.018 14.058
1415DP4B 14 16
14.75 13.966 16.000 13.990
20.25
1420DP4B
19.75
15.25 0.092
1515DP4B
14.75 14.984 17.018 15.058 0.006
15 17
1.005 25.25 14.966 17.000 14.990
1525DP4B
0.980 24.75
15.25
1615DP4B
14.75 15.984 18.018 16.058
16 18
25.25 15.966 18.000 15.990
1625DP4B
24.75
20.25
1820DP4B
19.75 17.984 20.021 18.061 0.095
18 20
25.25 17.966 20.000 17.990 0.006
1825DP4B
24.75
15.25
2015DP4B
14.75
20.25
2020DP4B
19.75 19.980 23.021 20.071
20 23
25.25 19.959 23.000 19.990
2025DP4B
24.75
30.25
2030DP4B
29.75
1.505 15.25 0.112
2215DP4B
1.475 14.75 0.010
20.25 21.980 25.021 22.071
2220DP4B 22 25
19.75 21.959 25.000 21.990
25.25
2225DP4B
24.75
15.25
2515DP4B
14.75 24.980 28.021 25.071
25 28
25.25 24.959 28.000 24.990
2525DP4B
24.75
f7 H7
30.25 27.980 32.025 28.085
2830DP4B 28 32
29.75 27.959 32.000 27.990
20.25
3020DP4B
19.75 0.126
30.25 29.980 34.025 30.085 0.010
3030DP4B 30 34
29.75 29.959 34.000 29.990
40.25
3040DP4B
2.005 39.75
1.970 20.25
3520DP4B
19.75 34.975 39.025 35.085
35 39
30.25 34.950 39.000 34.990
3530DP4B
29.75 0.135
30.25 0.015
4030DP4B
29.75 39.975 44.025 40.085
40 44
50.25 39.950 44.000 39.990
4050DP4B
49.75
30.25
4530DP4B
29.75 44.975 50.025 45.105 0.155
45 50
50.25 44.950 50.000 44.990 0.015
4550DP4B
49.75
40.25
5040DP4B
39.75 49.975 55.030 50.110 0.160
50 55
60.25 49.950 55.000 49.990 0.015
5060DP4B
59.75
2.505 40.25 54.970 60.030 55.110
5540DP4B 55 60
2.460 39.75 54.940 60.000 54.990
40.25
6040DP4B
39.75
50.25 0.170
6050DP4B
49.75 59.970 65.030 60.110 0.020
60 65
60.25 59.940 65.000 59.990
6060DP4B
59.75
70.25
6070DP4B
69.75
48 GGBEARINGS.COM
70.25 64.970 70.030 65.110
6570DP4B 65 70
69.75 64.940 70.000 64.990
50.25
7050DP4B
2.505 49.75 69.970 75.030 70.110
70 75 f7
2.460 70.25 69.940 75.000 69.990 0.170
7070DP4B
69.75 0.020
80.25 74.970 80.030 75.110
7580DP4B 75 80
79.75 74.940 80.000 74.990
60.50
8060DP4B
59.50 80.000 85.035 80.155 0.201
80 85
100.50 79.946 85.000 80.020 0.020
80100DP4B
99.50
100.50 85.000 90.035 85.155
85100DP4B 85 90
99.50 84.946 90.000 85.020
60.50
9060DP4B H7
59.50 90.000 95.035 90.155
90 95
100.50 89.946 95.000 90.020
90100DP4B
2.490 99.50
h8
2.440 100.50 95.000 100.035 95.155
95100DP4B 95 100
99.50 94.946 100.000 95.020 0.209
60.50 0.020
10060DP4B
59.50 100.000 105.035 100.155
100 105
115.50 99.946 105.000 100.020
100115DP4B
114.50
115.50 105.000 110.035 105.155
105115DP4B 105 110
114.50 104.946 110.000 105.020
115.50 110.000 115.035 115.155
110115DP4B 110 115
114.50 109.946 115.000 115.020
49
8 Standard Products
8.7 DP4-B FLANGED BUSHES Split
B
Do - Di
rmax =
2
Ci
(Di,a)
Do
Dfl
Di
0,3 min.
S3
20°±8°
Co
Z
Detail Z Sfl

Ci (b) Ci (b)
0.75 0.5 ± 0.3 0.5 ± 0.3 -0.1 to -0.4 2 1.2 ± 0.4 1.0 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.7
1 0.6 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.5 2.5 1.8 ± 0.6 1.2 ± 0.4 -0.2 to -1.0
1.5 0.6 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.4 -0.1 to -0.7

7.50 4.25 3.000 4.508 3.048 0.054
BB0304DP4B 3 4.5
0.750 0.80 6.50 3.75 2.994 4.500 3.000 0.000
h6 H6
0.730 0.70 9.50 4.25 4.000 5.508 4.048 0.056
BB0404DP4B 4 5.5
8.50 3.75 3.992 4.500 4.000 0.000
10.50 5.25 4.990 7.015 5.055 0.077
BB0505DP4B 5 7
9.50 4.75 4.978 7.000 4.990 0.000
4.25
BB0604DP4B
12.50 3.75 5.990 8.015 6.055 0.077
6 8
11.50 8.25 5.978 8.000 5.990 0.000
BB0608DP4B
7.75
5.75
BB0806DP4B
15.50 5.25 7.987 10.015 8.055 0.083
8 10
14.50 9.75 7.972 10.000 7.990 0.003
BB0810DP4B
9.25
7.25
BB1007DP4B
18.50 6.75 9.987 12.018 10.058 0.086
10 12
17.50 12.25 9.972 12.000 9.990 0.003
BB1012DP4B
11.75
1.005 1.05 7.25
BB1207DP4B
0.980 0.80 6.75
f7 H7
20.50 9.25 11.984 14.018 12.058
BB1209DP4B 12 14
19.50 8.75 11.966 14.000 11.990
12.25
BB1212DP4B
11.75
22.50 17.25 13.984 16.018 14.058
BB1417DP4B 14 16 0.092
21.50 16.75 13.966 16.000 13.990
12.25 0.006
BB1512DP4B
23.50 11.75 14.984 17.018 15.058
15 17
22.50 17.25 14.966 17.000 14.990
BB1517DP4B
16.75
12.25
BB1612DP4B
24.50 11.75 15.984 18.018 16.058
16 18
23.50 17.25 15.966 18.000 15.990
BB1617DP4B
16.75
50 GGBEARINGS.COM
12.25
BB1812DP4B
1.005 1.05 26.50 11.75 17.984 20.021 18.061 0.095
18 20
0.980 0.80 25.50 22.25 17.966 20.000 17.990 0.006
BB1822DP4B
21.75
11.75
BB2012DP4B
30.50 11.25 19.980 23.021 20.071
20 23
29.50 16.75 19.959 23.000 19.990
BB2017DP4B
1.505 1.60 16.25 0.112
1.475 1.30 11.75 0.010
BB2512DP4B
35.50 11.25 24.980 28.021 25.071
25 28
34.50 21.75 24.959 28.000 24.990
BB2522DP4B f7 H7
21.25
16.25
BB3016DP4B
42.50 15.75 29.980 34.025 30.085 0.126
30 34
41.50 26.25 29.959 34.000 29.990 0.010
BB3026DP4B
2.005 2.10 25.75
1.970 1.80 47.50 26.25 34.975 39.025 35.085 0.135
BB3526DP4B 35 39
46.50 25.75 34.950 39.000 34.990 0.015
53.50 26.25 39.975 44.025 40.085 0.135
BB4026DP4B 40 44
52.50 25.75 39.950 44.000 39.990 0.015
2.505 2.60 58.50 26.25 44.975 50.025 45.105 0.155
BB4526DP4B 45 50
2.460 2.30 57.50 25.75 44.950 50.000 44.990 0.015
8.8 DP4-B STRIP
W u min
W
L Ss
LENGTH L THICKNESS Ss
USABLE WIDTH
PART NO. max. TOTAL WIDTH W max.
min. WU min min.
0.74
S07085DP4B 95 85
0.70
1.01
S10180DP4B
0.97
503 1.52
S15180DP4B
500 1.48
195 180
1.98
S20180DP4B
1.94
2.46
S25180DP4B
2.42
51
9 TEST METHODS
9.1 MEASUREMENT OF WRAPPED BUSHES
It is not possible to accurately measure the external and internal diameters of a wrapped bush in the free condition. In
its free state a wrapped bush will not be perfectly cylindrical and the butt joint may be open. When correctly installed in
a housing the butt joint will be tightly closed and the bush will conform to the housing. For this reason the external
diameter and internal diameter of a wrapped bush can only be checked with special gauges and test equipment.
The checking methods are defined in ISO 3547 Parts 1 to 7.
Test A of ISO 3547 Part 2

Checking the external diameter in a test machine with checking blocks and adjusting mandrel.
Fch
TEST A OF ISO 3547 PART 2 ON 2015DP4®
Split
Checking block and setting mandrel dch,1 23.062 mm
Test force Fch 4500 N dch,1
z
Limits for Δz 0 and -0.065 mm Checking
block
Bush Outside diameter Do 23.035 to 23.075 mm
Table 18 : Test A of ISO 3547 Part 2 Fig.40 : Test A, data for drawing
Test B (alternatively to Test A)

Check external diameter with GO and NO GO ring gauges.
Test C A
Checking the internal diameter of a bush pressed into a ring gauge,

Bush inserted
which nominal diameter corresponds to the dimension specified in in ring gauge
table 6 of ISO 3547 Part 2 (Example Di = 20 mm). Ø 23.011 mm
Measurement of Wall Thickness (alternatively to Test C) 20.061

Ø 0,050 A
20.001
The wall thickness is measured at one, two or three positions axially
Fig.41 : Test C, data for drawing
according to the bearing dimensions.
B [mm] X [mm] MEASUREMENT POSITION

≤15 B/2 1
B
>15 ≤50 4 2
Measurement
position X X
>50 ≤90 6 and B/2 3
>90 8 and B/2 3
Table 19 : Measurement position Fig.42 : Test C, measurement position
Test D
Check external diameter by precision measuring tape.
52 GGBEARINGS.COM
10 Bearing Application Data Sheet
Please complete the form below and share it with your GGB sales engineer or send it to: usa@ggbearings.com
DATA FOR BEARING DESIGN CALCULATION
Application:
Project/No.: Quantity: New Design Existing Design
Steady load Rotating load Rotational movement Oscillating movement Linear movement
DIMENSIONS [MM] FITS & TOLERANCES BEARING TYPE

Inside diameter Di Shaft DJ
Cylindrical B
Outside diameter Do Bearing housing DH bush
Length B
Flange Diameter Dfl OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
Di
Do
Flange thickness Bfl Ambient temperature Tamb[°]
Wall thickness ST Bearing housing material

Length of slideplate L Housing with good heating transfer properties
Width of slideplate W Light pressing or insulated housing with poor
Thickness of slideplate SS heat transfer properties Flanged bush B
Non metal housing with poor heat
Bfl
LOAD transfer properties
Static load Alternate operation in water and dry
Dynamic load
LUBRICATION
Di
Do
Dfl
Axial load F [N]
Radial load F [N] Dry
Continuous lubrication
MOVEMENT Process fluid lubrication
Rotational speed N [1/min] Initial lubrication only
Thrust washer ST
Speed U [m/s]
Hydrodynamic conditions
Length of stroke LS [mm]
Process fluid
Frequency of stroke [1/min]
ф Lubricant
Do
Oscillating ф ϕ [°]
Di
cycle Dynamic viscosity η[mPas]

2 3
1 4
SERVICE HOURS PER DAY

Continuous operation
Osc. frequence Nosz [1/min] Intermittent operation
Slideplate
Operating time
MATING SURFACE
SS
Days per year

Material
Hardness HB/HRC SERVICE LIFE L
Surface finish Ra [µm] Required service life LH [h]
W
CUSTOMER INFORMATION
Company
Street Special parts (sketch)
City / State / Province / Post Code

Telephone Fax
Name
Email Address Date
53
FORMULA SYMBOLS AND DESIGNATIONS
SYMBOL UNIT DESIGNATION SYMBOL UNIT DESIGNATION
A mm2 Surface area of DU® bearing Depth of housing recess

Ha mm
(e.g. for thrust washers)
Surface area of mating surface in contact
AM mm2 Diameter of housing recess
with DU® bearing (slideway) Hd mm
(e.g. for thrust washers)
aB - Bearing size factor
L mm Strip length
aC - Application factor for bore burnishing or
machining LH h Bearing service life
aE - High load factor LS mm Length of stroke (slideway)
aE1 - Specific load factor (slideways) N 1/min Rotational speed
aE2 Speed, temperature and material factor Nosz 1/min Oscillating movement frequency
-
(slideways)
p MPa Specific load
aE3 - Relative contact area factor (slideways)
plim MPa Specific load limit
aL - Life correction constant
psta,max MPa Maximum static load
aM - Mating surface material factor
pdyn,max MPa Maximum dynamic load
aT - Temperature application factor
Q - Permissible number of cycles
B mm Nominal bush length
Surface roughness
C 1/min Dynamic load frequency Ra µm
(DIN 4768, ISO/DIN 4287/1)
CD mm Installed diametrical clearance ROB Ω Electrical resistance
Ci mm ID chamfer length s3 mm Bush wall thickness
Co mm OD chamfer length sfl mm Flange thickness
CT - Total number of dynamic load cycles sS mm Strip thickness
DC mm Diameter of burnishing tool sT mm Thrust washer thickness
Dfl mm Nominal bush flange OD T ºC Temperature
DH mm Housing Diameter Tamb ºC Ambient temperature
Di mm Nominal bush and thrust washer ID Tmax ºC Maximum temperature
Di,a mm Bush ID when assembled in housing Tmin ºC Minimum temperature
DJ mm Shaft diameter U m/s Sliding speed
DNth nvt Max. thermal neutron dose W mm Strip width
Do mm Nominal bush and thrust washer OD WU min mm Minimum usable strip width
DY Gy Max. Gamma radiation dose ZT - Total number of cycles
dD mm Dowel hole diameter Coefficient of linear thermal
α1 1/106K expansion parallel to surface
dL mm Oil hole diameter Coefficient of linear thermal
α2 1/106K expansion normal to surface
dp mm Pitch circle diameter for dowel hole
σc MPa Compressive yield strength
F N Bearing load
λ W/mK Thermal conductivity
Fch N Test force
φ ° Angular displacement
Fi N Insertion force
η cP Dynamic viscosity
f - Coefficient of friction
54 GGBEARINGS.COM
Product Information
GGB assures the products described in this document have no manufacturing errors or material deficiencies.
The details set out in this document are registered to assist in assessing material suitability for intended use. They have been
developed from our own investigations as well as generally accessible publications. They do not represent any assurance for the
properties themselves.
Unless expressly declared in writing, GGB gives no warranty that the products described are suited for any particular purpose or
specific operating circumstances. GGB accepts no liability for any losses, damages, or costs however they may arise through direct
or indirect use of these products.
GGB’s sales and delivery terms and conditions, included as an integral part of quotations, stock and price lists, apply absolutely
to all business conducted by GGB. Copies can be made available on request.
Products are subject to continual development. GGB retains the right to make specification amendments or improvements to
technical data without prior announcement. Edition 2023 (this edition replaces earlier editions which hereby lose their validity).
STATEMENT REGARDING LEAD CONTENT IN GGB PRODUCTS

& EU DIRECTIVE COMPLIANCE
GGB is committed to adhering to all U.S., European, and international standards and regulations with regard to lead content. We
have established internal processes that monitor any changes to existing standards and regulations, and we work collaboratively
with customers and distributors to ensure all requirements are strictly followed. This includes RoHS and REACH guidelines.
GGB makes it a top priority to operate in an environmentally conscious and safe manner. We follow numerous industry best
practices and are committed to meeting or exceeding a variety of internationally recognized standards for emissions control
and workplace safety.
Each of our global locations has management systems in place that adhere to IATF 16949, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001,
and AS9100D/EN9100 quality regulations.
All of our certificates can be found here: https://www.ggbearings.com/en/certificates. A detailed explanation of our
commitment to REACH and RoHS directives can be found at https://www.ggbearings.com/en/who-we-are/quality-and-environment
55
PUSHING BOUNDARIES TO CO-CREATE
A HIGHER QUALITY OF LIFE
GGB NORTH AMERICA

700 Mid Atlantic Parkway | Thorofare, New Jersey, 08086 USA
Tel: +1-856-848-3200
https://www.ggbearings.com/en
HB104ENG03-23USA
GGB is part of The Timken Company's portfolio of engineered bearings and industrial motion products.

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DP4® and DP4-B

— Aerospace — E-Mobility — Medical — Primary Metals

— Agricultural — Energy — Mining — Railway

— Automotive — Fluid Power — Oil & Gas — Recreation

LOW-FRICTION, HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE CUSTOMER SUPPORT

The Highest Standards in Quality

For a complete listing of our certiﬁcations, please visit our website:

10 Data Sheet for Bearing Design 53

1.1 CHARACTERISTICS AND ADVANTAGES

DP4 / DP4-B ® Polytetraﬂuorethylene

Porous sinter bronze interlayer

2.1 BASIC FORMS Bronze backing

Standard Components Fig.2: DP4-B microsection

These products are manufactured to International, National or

Fig.3: Standard stock products

Fig.4: Non-standard components

3.2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

CHEMICAL % °C DP4® DP4-B CHEMICAL °C DP4® DP4-B

STRONG ACIDS SOLVENTS

— The bearing temperature T [°C].

Eﬀect of Temperature for Unlubricated Applications

0.25 0.25 - 0.30

Wear and friction properties

McPherson strut test rig

Test Strut with

Fig. 7: Principle of the strut test rig

STRUT WEAR - TEST CONDITIONS

Fig. 8: Relative wear resistance Fig. 9: Relative static friction coeﬃcient

Fig. 10: Relative dynamic friction coeﬃcient

The test conditions are given in Table 5.

Horn vibration produces vapour

Saddle Flat Test

Fig. 11: Principle of the cavitation erosion test rig

CAVITATION EROSION - TEST CONDITIONS

The relative resistance to cavitation damage of DP4® as

Fig. 12: Relative resistance to cavitation erosion

The test conditions are given in Table 6.

Pump & Test Bearing

Fig. 13: Principle of the ﬂow erosion test rig

FLOW EROSION - TEST CONDITIONS

The relative resistance to ﬂow erosion damage of DP4® as

Fig. 14: Relative resistance to ﬂow erosion

GGB Jupiter Test Rig

Slave Bush Test Bush Slave Bush

Diaphragm Air Cylinder

Fig. 15: Principle of the GGB Jupiter test rig

LUBRICATED WEAR - TEST CONDITIONS

The relative pU limits with boundary lubrication of DP4® and the

Fig. 16: Relative pU limits

― Speciﬁc load limit plim ― Mating surface material

Cylindrical Bush Thrust Washer Flanged Bush (Axial Loading)

Speciﬁc Load Limit plim Projected Area

highest under steady loads. Conditions of dynamic load or oscillating movement

TYPE OF LOADING / plim [MPa]

(4.3.7) [m/s] (4.3.8) [m/s]

DU UNIT Calculation of pU Factor

TEMPERATURE OF BEARING ENVIRONMENT Tamb [°C]