FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MASTER OF ENGINEERING (STRUCTURES)

MEAEA1HKA

MEAE 1023
ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

ASSIGNMET 2
PLATE GIRDER DESIGN
BASE ON EC3

SEMESTER : 2023/2024 (SEM 1)

FATIMAH SAFRIZA BINTI ZAIDI MEA 231023

NURUL ADILAH BINTI MOHD YAZID MEA 231020
WAN AMIRA BINTI WAN AHMAD MEA 231022

LECTURER : Dr. MOHAMAD SHAZWAN AHMAD SHAH

 SUMMARY

ITEM PARAMETER BC

1 Distance from support, a 2.55 m

2 Panel width 1.35 m

3 Moment, MEd 11.68 x 10^9 kNm

4 Shear, VEd 2327.5 kN

5 C 372 mm

6 1.66 re-look

7 237 re-look

8 Vb,Rd 2556.9 kN

9 Plate Girder

9a Flange thickness, tf 35 mm
9b Flange widths, bf 515 mm
9c Web thickness, tw 10 mm
9d Web height, hw 2000 mm
10 Stiffener, B

10a Widths, b 140 mm

10b Thickness, t 10 mm

11 End Post

11a Widths, h 400 mm

11b Thickness, t 20 mm
 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

Dead Load on plate girder 100 kN

Imposed Load 150 kN/m
Point load on stiffener 15 kN
Length of plate girder 20 m
Nearest span at LHS, B 1.2 m

Loading

Total load on plate girder

15 kN 232 kN/m

20 m
2.55 m 4.15 m

UDL, w = 1.35 x 100 / 20 + 1.5 x 150 = 232 kN/m

Point Load, P = = 15 kN

Shear
Design shear, Ved = maximum shear at support
= ( 15 / 2 ) + ( 232 x 20 ) / 2 = 2328 kN

Moment
Design Moment, Med = maximum moment at mid-span
( 15 x 20 / 4 ) + ( 232 x 20^2 / 8 ) 11.675
Moment = 11.68 x 10^9 Nmm

(1) BASIC DIMENSIONING

LHS RHS
eq. hw / tw ≤ k (E/fyf) (Aw/Afc)^0.5
where: k= 0.4
fyf = 355 N/mm2
E = 210000 N/mm2
Aw/Afc = 1

hw / tw = λ

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
λ = k (E/fyf) (Aw/Afc)^0.5
= 0.4 x ( 210000 / 355 ) x ( 1 )^0.5
= 237
where: hw = (λMb,Rd / Fyd)^(1/3)
= ( 237 x 11.68 x10^9 / 355 ) ^ (1/3) 1982.99192
= 1983 mm --> 2000 mm
therefore, tw = hw/λ = 1983 / 237
tw = 8.37 mm --> 10 mm
eq. c/tf = 9 ε where ε = (235/fy)^0.5 C2 C1
c = 9 ε x tf
= 9x (235/355)^0.5 tf
= 7.33 tf
bf = 7.33 tf + 7.33 tf bf = C1 + C2
= 14.66 tf
Afc = tf x 14.66 tf
Afc = 14.66 tf 2 …………(1)

Mpl,Rd = fyd x bf x tf x hw where bf x tf is Area

Af = Mpl,Rd / fyd / hw
= 11.68 x 10^9 / ( 355 x 1983 ) 16591.734
Af = 16592 mm2 …………(2)

16592 = 14.66 tf 2 …………(1) & (2)

tf = ( 16592 / 14.66 )^0.5 33.6420448
33.64 mm --> 35 mm

bf = 14.66 tf
bf = 14.66 x 35 = 513.10 mm --> 515 mm

Flange thickness, tf = 35 mm
Flange widths, bf = 515 mm 35 x 515
Web thickness, tw = 10 mm 2070
Web height, hw = 2000 mm 10 x 2000

RHS
hw / tw = k (E/fyf) (Aw/Afc)^0.5
= 0.4 x ( 210000 / 355 ) x ( 10 x 2000 /(35 x 515))^0.5
= 249 249.246056

LHS
Actual hw/tw = 200 < Allowable hw/tw = 249 OK!

(2) SECTION CLASSIFICATION

C/tw = 9ε Note: Cross-section is classified based on the heights compression part (least favourable) class.

2000 / 10 = 200 > 124 ε The web is Class 4

Since flange is under compression and consider as class 1, hence the section is to consider as Class I

(3) SHEAR BUCKLING

eq. 5.1(2), EC3-1-5 -----> Web design

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

stiffened web, hw/tw <

a/hw = 1350 / 2000 = 0.7 < 1.0 a = span of stiffener

A3 (Anex) A.5 if a/hw ≥ 1.0 kt = 5.34 + 4.00 (hw/a)^2
NOT RELEVANT
if a/hw < 1.0 kt = 4.00 + 5.34 (a/hw)^2
= 15.72

RHS
Allowable slenderness ratio
31/η. ε. (kt)^0.5 η = 1.2 Cl. 5.1(2), <S460,η =1.2 but >S460,η =1.0
= 31 / 1.2 x ( 15.72 )^0.5 ε = 0.81 0.81361651
= 83.0 kt = 15.72 15.7201646

LHS
Design slenderness ratio
hw/tw = 2000 / 10 = 200

LHS = 200 > RHS = 83.0

Limit not comply. Shear buckling resistance have to be checked!

(4) SHEAR BUCKLING RESISTANCE

4.2

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

4.1

4.2

Length 1.35 to 2.55

Include RA 2328kN

232 kN/m 15 kN
Mf,Rd = Mpl,Rd = Mf,k / γM0 = Affy/γM0.(h-tf)
= 35 x 515 x 355 x ( 2070 - 35 ) /1.0
= 13021.7106 kNm A 2.55 m C

∑Mc = 0
Mc - 2328(2.55) + 232(2.55)(2.55/2) + 15
MEc=MC = 5167.1 kNm

701.84925
= 1350 ( 0.25 + (1.6 x 515 x 35^2 x 355 ) / ( 10 x 2000^2 x 355 ) ) , c= 372 mm

4.1

where: bf = 515 mm MEd = 5167 kNm

tf = 35 mm Mf,Rd = 13022 kNm
fyf = 355 mm c = 372 mm

Vbf,Rd = ( 515 x 35^2 x 355 ) / ( 372 x 1.0 ) x ( 1 - ( 5167 / 13022 )^2)

= 507.26 kN

Contribution from Web

4.2

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

kt = 15.72

σE = 190000 x ( 10 / 2000 )^2

τcr = 15.72 x 190000 x ( 10 / 2000 )^2
= 74.67 N/mm2 74.67

= 0.76 x ( 355 / 74.67 )^0.5

= 1.66

Refer Table 5.1 of Figure 5.2

ꭕw = 0.83 / λw
= 0.5

Where: ꭕw = 0.5 t = 10
fyw = 355 γM1 = 1.0
hw = 2000
= ( 0.5 x 355 x 2000 x 10 ) / ( ( 3)^0.5 x 1 )
= 2049.59 kN

RHS
where: = 1.2

= ( 1.2 x 355 x 2000 x 10 ) / ( ( 3)^0.5 x 1 )

= 4919.02 kN

Vb,Rd = 2049.59 + 507.26 = 2557 kN < 4919.02

Therefore, for buckling is OKAY!

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Our maximum design shear force,

VEd = 2328 kN < Vb,Rd = 2557

VEd ≤ allowable shear buckling resistance, V b,Rd
OK!!

(5) TRANSVERSE WEB STIFFENER

fyw
Ns,Rd = Ved - ꭕw hw tw √3
γM1

Ns,Rd is the force that VEd - Determine at 0.5hw ꭕw - Contribution factor

need to be resisted by from the stiffener in the from web to shear
the stiffener panel with high shear buckling resistance of
stiffeners

15 kN 232 kNm
=

0.5hw
VEd = 2328 - 232 ( 2.55 - 0.5 x 2 ) - 15
= 1952.9 kN

ꭕw is calculated for web panel between adjacent stiffeners, assuming under consideration the stiffener is
removed.

Cl. 5.3

Refer Anex 3 Shear Buckliong co-efficients

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
a/hw = 2950 / 2000 = 1.5 > 1.0 a = span of stiffener
A3 (Anex) A.5 if a/hw ≥ 1.0 kt = 5.34 + 4.00 (hw/a)^2
= 7.18
if a/hw < 1.0 kt = 4.00 + 5.34 (a/hw)^2
NOT RELEVANT

hw = 2000 ε = ( 235 / 355 )^0.5

t = 10 kt = 7.18
= 2000 / ( 37.4 x 10 x ( 235 / 355 )^0.5 x ( 7.18)^0.5
= 2.45

Refer Table 5.1 of Figure 5.2

ꭕw = 0.83 / λw
= 0.34

fyw
Ns,Rd = VEd - ꭕw hw tw √3
γM1
355
= 1952.9 x 10^3 - 0.34 x 2000 x 10 √3
1.0
= 559 kN

232 kN/m 15 kN

A 2.55 m C

∑fy = 0
= 2328 - 232 ( 2.55 ) - 15 - VEd@C
VEd@C = 2328 - 232 ( 2.55 ) - 15
= 1721 kN > 559 (OK!) Design satisfied

Stiffener design (cl. 9.33 (EC3-1-5)

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

a / hw = 2550.00 / 2000 = 1.28 < √2 = 1.41

eq. 1 Ist ≥ 1.5 ho^3 t^3/a^2 where: ho = 2000

= 1845444.06 mm4 t = 10
Assume Ist = 1.85 x 106 mm4

I = b3t/12
1.85 x 106 = b3 x 10 / 12
b = 131 mm
propose = 140 mm

Determine axial force that cqan be carrieed by stiffener (cl. 6.2.4 EC3-1-1)

both sides
NRd = ( 140 x 10 x 355 / 1.0 ) x 2 ** A = b x t
= 994 kN --> axial resistance stiffener is limited to this value

Cl. 6.3.1 (4) EC3-1-1

Cl. 6.3.1.2 (EC3-1-1)

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

where Aequi = Ast + 30εt2 , Ast is for area of stiffener

Aequi = 140 x 10 x 2 + 30 * (( 235/ 355)^0.5 ) x 10^2
= 5241 mm2

Ncr = π2 E Iequivalent
L2
where: Iequivalent = b3t/12 + (1/12x 30 x ε x t4)
= 280^3 x 10 / 12 + ( 1/12 x 30 x (235/355)^0.5 x 10^4 )
= 190.88 x 106 mm4 18.3136737
L = critical length, cl 9.4 EC3-1-5, L=0.75h w

Ncr = π2 E Iequivalent
(0.75 x L)2
= π^2 x 210000 x 190.88 x 10^6 / ( 0.75 x 2000)^2
= 175877 kN 175877

= ( 5241 x 355 / 175877 x 10^3)^0.5 0.10285295

= 0.1 <

Thus, the minimum area of stiffener will be adequate for all intermediate transvers stiffener.
Satisfied size = 140 x 10

For end stiffeners 15εt portion of the web must be taken into account in calculating effective area of end
stiffener.
Cl. 9.1 (EC3-1-5)

15εt = 15 x ( 235 /355)^0.5 x 10

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
= 122 mm ---> 125 mm

End post --> higher shear force, so, thickness shall be thicker than other stoffener.
Therefore, we propose 20 mm, thick

Aest,eff = As,est + Aweb,15εt est = end stiffener

= ( 400 x 20 ) + ( 125 x 10 ) hest = bigger than intermediate stiffener
= 9250 mm2 hest = 400 mm

Iest,eff = Iest + Iweb,15εt I = bh3/12

= ( 20 x 400^3 / 12 ) + ( 125 x 10^3 / 12 )
= 0.107 x 109 mm4 0.10667708

Ncr = π2 E I
L2
= π^2 x 210000 x 0.107 x 10^9 / ((0.75 x 2000 )^2 )
= 98590.01 kN 98590.0111

= ( ( 9250 x 355 ) / ( 98590.01 x 10^3 ) )^0.5

= 0.18 <

For buckling plate stifener is OKAY!

Presence of stiffener to help web or girder to carry axial and shear and force flowing from flange applied load.

(6) END STIFFENER

End Stiffener dimension, b= 20 mm h= 400 mm

Buckling resistance, Nb,Rd = Afy / γM0

Nb,Rd = 9250 x 355 / 1.0 where: A= 9250 mm2
= = 3284 kN fy = 355
Therefore, shear = 3284 kN > Design / applied sherar = 2328 kN
resistance capacity force

OKAY!!

Resistance of stiffener toward lateral torsional buckling

(Cl. 9.2.1 (EC3-1-5))

Ip = Ix + Iy
= bh3/12 + b3h/12

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
= 20 x 400^3 / 12 + 20^3 x 400 / 12
= 0.11 x 109 mm4 0.10693333

IT = hb3/3
= 400 x 20^3 / 3
= 1.07 x 106 mm4

IT / Ip = 1.07 x 106 / 0.11 x 109

= 0.0097 > 5.3fy /E = 0.00896

OKAY!!

(7) FLANGE TO WEB WELD

Part 5 of Eurocode 3 (9.3.5)

Ved = 2328 kN
Xw = 0.5
hw = 2000 mm
tw = 10 mm

= 0.5 x 2000 x 10 x 355

√3 x 1.0
= 2049 kN > Ved

Shear flow for designing web to flange welds ;

= 1.2 x 355 x 10
√3 x 1.0
= 2459 kN/m

Designing the web to flange weld (EN 1993-1-8 clause 4.5.3.3)

Fw,Ed is the design value of the weld force per unit length
Fw,Rd is the design weld resistance per unit length

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

= 2459
2
= 1229.5 kN/m

fu = 490 N/mm2

= 0.9

z = 2000/2
z = 1000

a = 1000 / √2
= 707.1 mm

= 707.1 x 490 x /√3

0.9 x 1.25

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 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

= 17787 kN/m

(OK!)

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