MATH 001 Engineering & Sciences Mathematics 1

Lecture Notes

Module 3

FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS:

· Linear Equations in two variables.

· Functions.
· Analyzing Graphs of Functions.
· A Library of Parent Functions.
· Combinations of Functions: Composite Functions.
· Inverse Functions.

Text Book: Algebra & Trigonometry 10th Edition. (2020). Ron Larson
CENGAGE Learning. ISBN-13: 978-1-337-27117-2
 Module-3
FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS (Week 10 to Week 12)

Article CLO Page # Class Work Problems Week# Practice Summative Assessment
# Problems

2.1 2.3 159 (Ex-2, P-163), 15, 45, 56, 73 10 16, 27, 44, 47,
55, 57, 58, 74

Quiz # 3
2.2 2.3 182 (Ex-2 P-175), (Ex-3 P-176), 34, 41, 43 10 11, 12, 19 in
31, 42, 44
Week -11
from topics
2.3 2.3 194 (Ex-2 P-188), 11, 18, 35, 36, 39, 72, 80 11 12, 17, 26, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7,
34, 71, 78
2.1, 2.3, and 2.4
(WebAssign)
2.4 2.3 203 11, 43(a) 11 12, 13
Assignment #3
in
2.5 2.3 210 11, 13, 39, 40, 44 12 14, 41, 43 Week -12
from
2.6 2.1 219 5, 13, 23, 31 12 06, 14, 29, 34 Module-III
(WebAssign)
2.7 2.4 228 58, 69, 70 12 51, 52, 57

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Page 3 of 42
CW-01 Example:02 Page-163
Find the slope of the line passing through each pair of points.

1. (–2 , 0) and (3 , 1)
2. (–1 , 2) and (2 , 2)
3. (0 , 4) and (1 , –1)
4. (3 , 4) and (3 , 1)
Solution:

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Slope-Intercept Form of the Equation of a Line
The graph of the equation 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒃 is a line whose slope is 𝒎 and whose 𝒚- intercept
is (𝟎 , 𝒃).

Point-Slope Form of the Equation of a Line

The equation of the line with slope 𝒎 and passing through the point (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) is
𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 ).

Equation of the Line Passing Through the Pair of Points

The equation of the line passing through the pair of points (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) and (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) is
𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟏
𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 ).
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟏

EXERCISE: 2.1
CW-02 Q:15
Find the slope and 𝒚- intercept (if possible) of the line 𝒚 = 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑.
Solution:

Page 5 of 42
CW-03 Q:45
Find the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line that has the slope 𝒎 = −𝟐
and passes through the point (−𝟑 , 𝟔). Sketch the line.
Solution:

CW-04 Q:56
Find an equation of the line passing through the pair of points (𝟒 , 𝟑), (−𝟒 , −𝟒).
Sketch the line.
Solution:

Page 6 of 42
CW-05 Q:73
Find equations of the lines that pass through the point (𝟐 , 𝟏) and are
(a) Parallel to the line 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟑
(b) Perpendicular to the line 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟑
Solution:

Page 7 of 42
 Practice Questions for students
Q:16 Find the slope and 𝒚- intercept (if possible) of the line 𝒚 = −𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎.
Solution:

Q:27
Find the slope of the line passing through the pair of points (−𝟑 , −𝟐) and (𝟏 , 𝟔).
Solution:

Q:44 Find the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line that has the slope
𝒎 = −𝟏 and passes through the point (𝟎 , 𝟏𝟎). Sketch the line.
Solution

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Q:47 Find the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line that has the slope
𝟏
𝒎 = − and passes through the point (𝟒 , 𝟎). Sketch the line.
𝟑
Solution

Q:55 Find an equation of the line passing through the pair of points (𝟓 , −𝟏),
and (−𝟓 , 𝟓). Sketch the line.
Solution:

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Q:57 Find an equation of the line passing through the pair of points (−𝟕 , 𝟐),
and (−𝟕 , 𝟓). Sketch the line.
Solution:

Q:58 Find an equation of the line passing through the pair of points (−𝟔 , −𝟑),
and (𝟐 , −𝟑). Sketch the line.
Solution:

Page 10 of 42
Q:74 Find equations of the lines that pass through the point (−𝟑 , 𝟐) and are
(a) Parallel to the line 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟕
(b) Perpendicular to the line 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟕
Solution:

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Page 12 of 42
CW-01 Example:02 Page-175
Determine whether each equation represents 𝒚 as a function of 𝒙.
(a) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚 = 𝟏
(b) −𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
Solution:

CW-02 Example:03 Page-176

Let 𝒈(𝒙) = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏. Find each function value.
(a) 𝒈(𝟐) (b) 𝒈(𝒕) (c) 𝒈(𝒙 + 𝟐)
Solution:

Page 13 of 42
 EXERCISE: 2.2
CW-03 Q:34
𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙<𝟑
Complete the table for 𝒇(𝒙) = .
𝒙 − 𝟑, 𝒙≥𝟑
Solution:

𝒙 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
𝒇(𝒙)

CW-04 Q:41
Find all real values of 𝒙 for which 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙
Solution:

CW-05 Q:43
Find all real values of 𝒙 for which 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒈(𝒙).
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟐
Solution:

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 Practice Questions for students
Q:11 Determine whether the equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒 represents 𝒚 as a function of 𝒙.
Solution:

Q:12 Determine whether the equation 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚 = 𝟗 represents 𝒚 as a function of 𝒙.

Solution:

Q:19 Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓. Find each function value.

(a) 𝒇(𝟏) (b) 𝒇(−𝟑) (c) 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝟐)
Solution:

Q:31 Complete the table for 𝒇(𝒙) = −𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 .

Solution:

𝒙 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐
𝒇(𝒙)

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Q:42 Find all real values of 𝒙 for which 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑
Solution:

Q:44 Find all real values of 𝒙 for which 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒈(𝒙).

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟗
Solution:

Page 16 of 42
CW-01 Example:02 Page-188
Use the Vertical Line Test to determine whether each graph represents 𝒚 as a
function of 𝒙.

Solution:

EXERCISE: 2.3
CW-02 Q:11
Use the Vertical Line Test to determine whether the graph represents 𝒚 as a function
of 𝒙.

Solution:

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CW-03 Q:18
Find the zeros of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔 algebraically (use a calculator).
Solution:

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CW-04 Q:35
Determine the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing, or
constant.

Solution:

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CW-05 Q:36
Determine the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing, or
constant. Use a table of values to verify your results.

Solution:

CW-06 Q:39
Determine the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing, or
constant. Use a table of values to verify your results.

Solution:

Page 20 of 42
CW-07 Q:72
Determine whether the function 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟓𝒙 is even, odd, or neither.
Solution:

CW-08 Q:80
Determine whether the function 𝒉(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 is even, odd, or neither.
Solution:

Page 21 of 42
 Practice Questions for students
Q:12 Use the Vertical Line Test to determine whether the graph represents 𝒚 as a
function of 𝒙.

Solution:

Q:17 Find the zeros of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟑𝟎 algebraically (use a calculator).

Solution:

Q:26 Find the zeros of 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 algebraically.

Solution:

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Q:34 Determine the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing,
or constant. Use a table of values to verify your results.

Solution:

Q:71 Determine whether the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟔 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑 is even, odd, or

neither.
Solution

Q:78 Determine whether the function 𝒉(𝒙) = 𝟓 − 𝟑𝒙 is even, odd, or neither.

Solution

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Page 24 of 42
 EXERCISE: 2.4
CW-01 Q:11
(a) Write the linear function 𝑓 for which 𝒇(𝟏) = 𝟒, and 𝒇(𝟎) = 𝟔 .
(b) Sketch the graph of the function.
Solution:

CW-02 Q:43(a)
A mechanic’s pay is SR:14 per hour for regular time and time-and-a-half for over
𝟏𝟒𝒉, 𝟎 < 𝒉 ≤ 𝟒𝟎
time. The weekly wage function is 𝑾(𝒉) = ,
𝟐𝟏(𝒉 − 𝟒𝟎) + 𝟓𝟔𝟎, 𝒉 > 𝟒𝟎
where 𝒉 is the number of hours worked in a week.
(a) Evaluate 𝑾(𝟑𝟎), 𝑾(𝟒𝟎), 𝑾(𝟒𝟓), and 𝑾(𝟓𝟎).
Solution:

Page 25 of 42
 Practice Questions for students
Q:12 (a) Write the linear function 𝑓 for which 𝒇(−𝟑) = −𝟖, and 𝒇(𝟏) = 𝟐 .
(b) Sketch the graph of the function.
Solution:

𝟏 𝟓
Q:13 (a) Write the linear function 𝑓 for which 𝒇 = − , and 𝒇(𝟔) = 𝟐 .
𝟐 𝟑
(b) Sketch the graph of the function.
Solution:

Page 26 of 42
Vertical and Horizontal Shifts

Reflections in the Coordinate Axes

Page 27 of 42
 EXERCISE: 2.5
CW-01 Q:11
Use the graph of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 to write an equation for the function represented by
each graph.

Solution:

Page 28 of 42
CW-02 Q:13
Use the graph of 𝒇(𝒙) =∣ 𝒙 ∣ to write an equation for the function represented by
each graph.

Solution:

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CW-03 Q:39
Write an equation for the function whose graph is described as follows.
The shape of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 , but shifted three units to the right and seven units down.
Solution:

CW-04 Q:40
Write an equation for the function whose graph is described as follows.
The shape of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 , but shifted two units to the left, nine units up, and then
reflected in the 𝒙-axis.
Solution:

CW-05 Q:44
Write an equation for the function whose graph is described as follows.
The shape of 𝒇(𝒙) =∣ 𝒙 ∣, but shifted four units to the left and eight units down.
Solution:

Page 30 of 42
 Practice Questions for students
Q:14 Use the graph of 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝒙 to write an equation for the function represented
by each graph.

Solution:

Q:41 Write an equation for the function whose graph is described as follows.
The shape of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 , but shifted 𝟏𝟑 units to the right.
Solution:

Q:43 Write an equation for the function whose graph is described as follows.
The shape of 𝒇(𝒙) =∣ 𝒙 ∣, but shifted 𝟏𝟐 units up, and then reflected in the
𝒙-axis.
Solution:

Page 31 of 42
 EXERCISE: 2.6
CW-01 Q:05
Given 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟐, and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 − 𝟐, find
(a) (𝒇 + 𝒈)(𝒙)
(b) (𝒇 − 𝒈)(𝒙)
(c) (𝒇𝒈)(𝒙) and
𝒇
(d) (𝒙)
𝒈
Solution:

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CW-02 Q:13
Evaluate the function (𝒇 + 𝒈) (𝟐) for 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟑 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐.
Solution:

CW-03 Q:23
𝒇
Evaluate the function (−𝟏) − 𝒈(𝟑) for 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟑 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐.
𝒈
Solution:

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CW-04 Q:31
Given 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 , and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 − 𝟏, find
(a) (𝒇𝒐𝒈)
(b) (𝒈𝒐𝒇), and
(c) (𝒈𝒐𝒈)
Solution:

Page 34 of 42
 Practice Questions for students
Q:06 Given 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓, and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟐 − 𝒙, find
(a) (𝒇 + 𝒈)(𝒙)
(b) (𝒇 − 𝒈)(𝒙)
(c) (𝒇𝒈)(𝒙) and
𝒇
(d) (𝒙)
𝒈
Solution:

Q:14 Evaluate the function (𝒇 + 𝒈)(−𝟏) for 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟑 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐.

Solution:

Page 35 of 42
Q:29 Given 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟖, and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 − 𝟑, find
(e) (𝒇𝒐𝒈)
(f) (𝒈𝒐𝒇), and
(g) (𝒈𝒐𝒈)
Solution:

Page 36 of 42
 𝟏
Q:34 Given 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 , and 𝒈(𝒙) = , find
𝒙
(a) (𝒇𝒐𝒈)
(b) (𝒈𝒐𝒇), and
(c) (𝒈𝒐𝒈)
Solution:

Page 37 of 42
Page 38 of 42
Horizontal Line Test for Inverse Functions
A function f has an inverse function if and only if no horizontal line intersects the graph
of the function f at more than one point.
If horizontal lines intersect the graph of a function f at most in one point, then f is
one-to-one.

Examples (Horizontal Line Test)

Determine by horizontal lines test that the graphs of the functions given below are
one-to-one or not one-to-one.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
Steps to Find the Inverse of a One-to-One Function Algebraically
1- Write 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)

2- Interchange x and y

3- Find the value of y in terms of x (if possible)

𝟏
4- The resulting equation is 𝒚 = 𝒇 (𝒙)

Page 39 of 42
 EXERCISE: 2.7
CW-01 Q:58
Find the inverse function of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 (Assume that the given function is a one-to-one function).
Solution:

CW-02 Q:69
𝟔𝒙 𝟒
Find the inverse function of 𝒇(𝒙) = (Assume that the given function is a one-to-one function).
𝟒𝒙 𝟓
Solution:

Page 40 of 42
CW-03 Q:70
𝟓𝒙 𝟑
Find the inverse function of 𝒇(𝒙) = (Assume that the given function is a one-to-one function).
𝟐𝒙 𝟓
Solution:

Page 41 of 42
 Practice Questions for students
𝒙 𝟏
Q:51 Find the inverse function of 𝒇(𝒙) = (Assume that the given function is a one-to-one function).
𝒙 𝟐
Solution:

𝒙 𝟐
Q:52 Find the inverse function of 𝒇(𝒙) = (Assume that the given function is a one-to-one function).
𝟑𝒙 𝟓
Solution:

𝒙 𝟏
Q:57 Find the inverse function of 𝒈(𝒙) = (Assume that the given function is a one-to-one function).
𝟔
Solution:

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