Physics Derived Unit

 Combination of two or more base

Module 1: Measurement
units
Measurement
Unit Prefixes
 Made up of a number and a unit.
 Also called “metric prefixes”
The English or British or Imperial System  Used to make a new unit larger or
smaller than the base unit.
 Pound (Force)
 Yard (Length) Prefixes for Powers of 10
 Ounce (Volume)
Powers of
Prefix Abbreviation
The Metric System 10
12
10 tera T
 Based on powers of 10 109 giga G
 Preferred system to be used for 106 mega M
science. 103 kilo k
 Streamlined by an international 10-2 centi c
conference held in France. 10-3 milli m
SI 10-6 micro µ
10-8 nano n
 Système International d’ unités
 International System of Units
Dimension Analysis
 Built upon a set of 7 metric units
which are also called the base units.  Conversion between units of
measurement
The SI Basic Units
Unit Equality
Physical
Unit Name Symbol
Quantity  Also called “conversion factor”
Mass Kilogram kg  An equation that shows the
Length Meter m equivalent amounts of different
Time Second s units
Amount of
Mole mol Common SI-English unit equalities
substance
Temperature Kelvin K
Unit Equivalent Unit
Electric
Ampere A 1 inch (in) 2.54 centimeters
current
(cm)
Luminous
candela cd 1 gallon (gal) 3.785 liters (L)
intensity
1 calorie (cal) 4.184 joules (J)
1 atmosphere (atm) 101 325 pascals
(PA)
1 foot (ft) 12 in
 1 mile (mi) 5280 ft
1 slug 14.59 kg
1 newton (N) 0.2248 lb
1 electron volt (ev) 1.602 × 10-9 J
Scientific Notation
 Also known as “standard form”
 Express numbers in a simpler way
 Has two parts
o A number from 1 to 9
o Power of 10 in exponential
form
Uncertainty in Measurement
Certain or Exact Digits
 The ones that the measuring
instrument can give to you.
Least Count
 Smallest marked division in the
measuring equipment
Uncertain Digits
 The ones that you estimate.
*The uncertainty of a device is dependent
on the smallest scale measured by the
instrument. The granulated cylinder has an
uncertainty of +1 mL. Therefore, readings
will show ±1 due to uncertainty.
Precision
 Reliability of the measurement
where results remain the same
under the same conditions.
Variance
 σ2
 Describe the consistency (precision)
of measurement numerically.
 Measures how far or close the
measurements are from the mean
(average)
 Defined as the average of the
squared difference of the
measurements (x) from the mean
(X̄).
σ =∑ ¿ ¿ ¿
2
Standard Deviation
 Square root of the variance
 If close to zero (0), the data points
are close to the mean.
 If high, the measurements are
spread out over a wide range of
values.
σ =√ σ 2= √ ∑ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
SEM
 Standard Error of the Mean
σ
SEM =
√N
*A measuring device is also said to be
precise if it can measure smaller least
counts.
*High Precision
 Numbers close to Each Other.
 Standard Deviation Close to Zero
*Low Precision
  Numbers apart from each other Scalar
 Standard Deviation is a Large
 A quantity that can only be
Number
described my magnitude.
Accuracy o Magnitude is the numerical
value consisting of the
 If the set of measurements is close
number and its unit.
to the true or accepted value.
Vector
*High Accuracy
 A physical quantity characterized by
 Number close to accepted value
both magnitude and direction.
*Low Accuracy
 Numbers far from accepted value
Precision and Accuracy
Representing Vectors
 They are not the same.
Using Graphical Representative
 A valuable measurement should be
precise and accurate.  Graphically represented by arrows
 At the ends of the arrow are the
Graphing Data
head, or tip, and the tail.
Graph  The length of the arrow describes
the magnitude of the vector.
 A pictorial representation of the
 The arrow’s head points toward the
relationship between variables
direction of the vector.
Dependent Variable
Addition of Vectors Usi ng Analytical
 Also called “responding or Method
experimental value”
Formulas Needed:
 Responds to the changes in the
independent variable. A x = A cos θ A y =A sin θ A=√ A x 2 + A y 2
Independent Variable Ay
tanθ=
Ax
 Also called “manipulated variable.”
 The one that you manipulate in the Formula for Resultant Vectors:
experiment.
R x =A x + B x +C x + … R y =A y + B y +C y + …
Trend
Module 3: Kinematic Quantities
 Used to make predictions using the
data. Mechanics
 The study of motion
Module 2: Scalars and Vectors
 Divided into two general parts.
 o Kinematics  Tells the rate of change of motion of
o Dynamics an object.
 Vector Quantity
Kinematics
 Mathematical description of motion
 Branch of mechanics that deals with d
the motion of particles.
Dynamics v t
 Study of the causes of motion
Position
d d
v= d=vt t= Acceleration
 Fundamental concept in describing t v
the motion of objects.
 How fast or slow velocity changes
 Location of a body in space with
 Tells how fast the velocity changes
reference to a fixed point
under a period of time.
Distance  Vector Quantity

 Length of the path the body has change∈ velocity

acceleration=
taken. elapsed time
 Tells how much ground an object has
Module 4: Uniformly Accelerated
covered.
 Scalar quantity
Motion

Displacement UAM

 Length of the straight line formed  Uniformly Accelerated Motion

between the initial position and the  Velocities change with respect to
final position of an object. time at a constant rate.
 Tells the shortest distance of an  Value of acceleration is constant.
object to its original position. Formulas:
Speed v f −vi 1
a= v f =v i +atd=v i t+ a t 2
 How fast or slow a body moves. t 2
2 2
 Tells the rate of change of motion of v f =v i + 2ad
an object.
Free Falling Motion
 Scalar Quantity
 Acceleration is 9.8 m/s2, down.
Velocity
 Velocity changes by -9.8m/s each 1.0
 Speed with direction second of motion
  Initial velocity is often 0 m/s (if  a numerical value in degrees
dropped from rest or released expressing the orientation of the
projectile e to be thrown/projected.
Up and Down Motion
 Acceleration is 9.8 m/s2, down.
 Velocity changes by -9.8m/s each 1.0
second of motion
 The velocity at the highest point is 0
m/s.
 Any two positions that are at the
same height have the same speed.
 The time to rise to the peak can be
calculated as
vi
t up=
9.8
 The time to rise to the peak equals
the time to fall back down to the
origin al height.

Module 5: Motion in 2 Dimensions

Projectile Motion
 a form of motion where an object is
thrown in a curved path.
 Consists of horizontal and vertical
motion working independently
Projectile
 an object undergoing projectile
motion.

Trajectory
 the arc/curve-like motion-path
undergone by a projectile.
 The parabolic path taken by a
projectile.
Angle