GUIMARAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Arts and Sciences

Good Governance Practices

of Barangay Officials

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences
Guimaras State University
McLain, Buenavista, Guimaras

In Partial Fulfillment
To the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor in Public Administration

Robin Christian E. Lacar

Ken Mark M. Barcenilla
NG M. Ganancial
John Mark T. Gange

December 2023
Researchers

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RODANTE G. VILLAFLOR, DM
Research Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

BERNARDO G. CAGASAN, PhD

Panel Chairperson/Dean, CAS

RODANTE G. VILLAFLOR, DM REY M. ARTURO, MEd

Panel Member/Specialist Panel Member/Generalist

JEFFREY G. MAGBANUA, MAEd KYRL S. PALMA, PhD

Panel Member/Statistician Panel Member/Grammarian

RESEARCH COMMITTEE

REY M. ARTURO, MEd RODANTE G. VILLAFLOR, DM

Research Coordinator, CAS Program Head, BPA

BERNARDO G. CAGASAN, PhD

Dean, CAS

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Good Governance Practices of

Barangay Officials

By:
Robin Christian E. Lacar
Ken Mark M. Barcenilla
NG M. Ganancial
John Mark T. Gange
December 2023

Researchers

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The concept of “Good Governance” evaluates practices whether it

is effective and efficient in its administration. It is therefore

the key to a successful development agenda. However, Good

Governance should not only be present at the national and

international levels but also at the subnational levels,

specifically at the local level.

The Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160) expressly stated the

role of barangay as the basic political unit that will serve as

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the primary planning and implementing unit of government

policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities in the

community. The barangay also serves a forum wherein the

collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized,

and considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled.

Therefore, the barangay political system is characterized by a

more personal and intimate relationship of barangay officials

which is an integral part in the governance and decision-making

as the front liners in the delivery of social services. Under R.A

7160, the powers of these barangay officials are expressed to

make them more accountable to their constituents, enact laws and

assure effective and efficient delivery of goods and services.

This study is also an occasion for us to clarify our ideas on

issues which are significant in today’s administration. The

philosophies of good governance and the strategies to realize it

are eminently significant today. Before we proceed further to

examine the issues we have to be clear about what we mean by good

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governance. Only then we will be able to work out effective

strategies to realize the goal of good governance. We can look at

the issue of good governance by examining from

each dimension where we are today, what are our weaknesses and

think of strategies by which those weakness can be overcome

and we can make meaningful strides towards achieving good

governance practices. This study aimed to benefit the electorate

as this provides them with hints in choosing the right persons

who are capable enough in handling electoral positions and have

the ability to perform the duties and

responsibilities of a barangay officials. In the process of

engaging their local government officials and agencies, they

learn about its possible advantages and limitations in the

concrete as well as clever tactics and various forms of

participation. Consequently, there have been positive changes in

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the perceptions and attitudes of civil society towards the

barangay governance, and vice versa. The grassroots is the best

place to promote people’s participation. Efforts that assume that

capable municipal or city officials will by

themselves take care of mobilizing people’s participation while

recognizing their local knowledge and respecting their

sensitivities, often don’t work. These motivate the researchers

to conduct a study and to assess the governance practices of the

Barangay Officials in the said municipality.

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Statement of the Problem

This research study was to assess the Good Governance Practices

of Barangay officials in the Municipality of San Lorenzo

Philippines in Fiscal Year 2023-2024. The study was guided by the

following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Sex,

Educational Attainment, Civil Status, Length Service, and Monthly

income?

2. What are the Good Governance Practices of Barangay Officials

in the different Barangay when taken as a whole and when

classified according to Age, Sex, Educational Attainment, Civil

Status, Length Service, and Monthly income?

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3. Are there any significant differences in terms of the Good

Governance Practices in terms of Age, Sex, Educational

Attainment, Civil Status, Length Service and Monthly income?

Theoretical Framework

A theoretical framework for good governance practices provides a

conceptual basis for understanding the principles, processes, and

outcomes associated with good governance. It helps to guide the

design, implementation, and evaluation of governance systems.

This study is anchored on theories propounded by the professors

of government like Antal Szerletics, Gerry Stoker, and B. Guy

Peters. Successful sustainability and responsibility programs not

only do great things for the society, they also are governed and

engaged in a way that connects with the people and their leaders

horizontally and vertically. In order to achieve this,

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establishing a good governance structure to guide and manage

sustainability and responsibility is essential. By doing so, the

leaders responsible for driving sustainable practices allow to

set direction, establish goals and create policies to execute the

strategy. According to Antal Szerletics (2000 as Cited by

Boysillo 2020, MPA), the notion of good governance can be

conceived as a basket of many practices, including, for example,

professional civil service, anti-corruption policies,

transparency and accountability, democratic decision-making, the

principle of the rule of law, protection of human rights and

independent judiciary. The constitutive elements of good

governance vary according to the particular international

organization and the particular document we examine. On the other

hand, Gerry Stoker (2008), in his book entitled “Governance as

theory: five Propositions”, governance is ultimately concerned

with creating the conditions for ordered rule and collective

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action. The outputs of governance are not therefore different

from those of government. It is rather a matter of a difference

in processes. Governance is on occasions used to provide the

acceptable face of spending cuts. It is a code for less

government. The rise of governance undoubtedly reflects to a

degree a search for reductions in

the resource commitment and spending of government. It involves a

recognition of the limits of government. Yet its rise reflects a

range of broader forces. Governance is not the narrow product of

fiscal crisis. The governance perspective works if it helps us

identify important questions, although it does claim to identify

a number of useful answers as well. It

provides a reference point which challenges many of the

assumptions of traditional public administration. The discussion

of governance in this paper is structured around five

propositions. The aim is to present a number of aspects of

governance for consideration rather than make aseries of

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statements that can be shown to be either true or false. The five

propositions are: 1. Governance refers to a set of institutions

and actors that are drawn from but also beyond government. 2.

Governance identifies the blurring of boundaries and

responsibilities for tackling social and economic issues. 3.

Governance identifies the power dependence involved in the

relationships between institutions involved in

collective action. 4. Governance is about autonomous self-

governing networks of actors. 5. Governance recognizes the

capacity to get things done which does not rest on the power of

government to command or use its authority. It sees government as

able to use new tools and techniques to steer and guide.One of

the most important elements of governing is goal setting, or the

determination of priorities. The old adage that "to govern is to

choose" remains true, and indicates that priority setting is a

central feature of governing. The basic argument here is that one

organization,

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or a single government, is the most probable source of governance

in the sense of priority setting and coordination of policies.

This argument has been made within national governments, as the

need for increased levels of priority setting through the budget

process, for example, tends to drive decisions upward to central

agencies or perhaps even to chief executives, even in spite of,

or perhaps because of, continuing pressures to deconcentrate and

decentralize as many

aspects of government as possible. (B. Guy Peters, 2018)Due to

their natural sociability, men have eventually gathered in a

politically organized community. Once realized, this association

is required to demonstrate its superiority and this thing can be

established by means of its ability to perform the functions for

which it was “invented.” Aristotle lays the basis for both the

theory of good governance and the ways to achieve it. The purpose

of a regime that is underlain by good governance should be the

happiness of the members of the political community.Tracing back

the history of barangay administration, the punong barangay

(barangay chairperson) plays a very important role in planning

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and implementing government policies, projects and programs for

the people being governed. And such certain qualifications are

considered in the succession of one person to the position of the

chief. One must be a heir of the chief. However, if there were no

qualified heirs, anyone could rise to that rank by virtue of

wisdom, physical strength, power and wealth (Sonia M. Zaide,

1997) (Boysillo 2020, MPA)

In section 16 of the Local Government Code of 1991, states that

every local government unit such as the barangay exercises the

powers expressly granted by law, those necessary implied

therefrom, as well as powers necessary, appropriate or incidental

for its efficient and effective governance and those which are

essential to the promotion of general welfare.

There is a need for these public officials to possess a more

thorough, complete or at the very least adequate knowledge to

acquire merit to the demands of their constituencies of making

them truly functional. They must also possess the necessary

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professional training and competencies that will keep them

confident and knowledgeable in their duties.

Under the law, the Barangay Officials shall: enforce all laws and

ordinances which are applicable within the barangay, negotiate,

enter into, and sign contracts for and in behalf of the barangay;

maintain public order in the barangay; call and preside over the

sessions of the sangguniang barangay and the barangay assembly;

appoint or replace the barangay treasurer, the barangay

secretary, and other appointive barangay

officials; organize and lead an emergency group whenever the same

may be necessary for the maintenance of peace and order; prepare

the annual supplemental budgets of the barangay; approve vouchers

relating to the disbursement of barangay funds; enforce laws and

regulation relating to pollution control and protection of the

environment; administer the operation of katarungang pambarangay;

exercise general supervision over the activities of sangguniang

kabataan; ensure the delivery of basic services; conduct an

annual palarong pambarangay; promote the general welfare of the

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barangay; and exercise such other powers and perform such other

duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance

(Section389, The Local Government Code of 1991).

The findings of these preceding studies on the governance

practices of the Barangay Officials in the Municipality of San

Lorenzo will raise awareness of the barangay government and

barangay officials on their state or level of performance viz-a

viz the following: benchmark information/data generated necessary

for the preparation of plans and budget as well as

crucial in the assessment of their skills and training needs; and

identified presence or absence of services and facilities which

serve as guide in enhancing the delivery of services to their

constituents; promote transparency and accountability in barangay

governance through compliance to laws and other issuances.

This theoretical framework provides a comprehensive understanding

of the key elements and interrelationships that contribute to

good governance practices of Barangay Officials. It serves as a

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guide for policymakers, practitioners, and academics in promoting

effective and accountable governance.

Conceptual Framework

The input shows the finding of information that the Researchers

will do before the conducting.

Then the process shows what the researchers will do, will survey

the questionnaire ad after that is to analyze the data gathering.

Lastly is to present the data gathered and data analysis

gathered.

HYPOTHESIS ASSUMPTIONS

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1. There is no significant difference on how Good Governance

Practices of barangays Officials in San Lorenzo Guimaras. If

there are differences in practices in different barangays.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study focuses only on determining the Good Governance

Practices of Barangay Officials in different barangays in San

Lorenzo Guimaras Located at Barangay Suclaran San Lorenzo

Guimaras, Barangay Cabungahan San Lorenzo Guimaras, Barangay M.

Chavez San Lorenzo Guimaras, and Cabano San Lorenzo

Guimaras. The respondents will be ask through the questionnaire

to gather data's about the Good Governance Practices of Barangay

Officials in above mentioned barangays. This study will gather

information about on how barangay officials do good governance

practices in their barangays .

Schematic Diagram of the Study

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

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Respondents Profile

-Age Good Governance Practices

-Sex

-Educational Attainment

-Civil Status

-Length Service

-Monthly Income

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is an endeavor to promote good governance practices of

the barangay officials in Suclaran, Cabungahan, M. Chavez,

Cabano. The result of the study will be used to determine the

good governance practices of the barangay officials of San

Lorenzo and may be used as a tool to improve the good governance

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practices of the barangay officials in San Lorenzo. The result of

this study will be used in facilitating policy dialogues,

supporting initiative reform activities and providing arena for

cooperation among civil society organizations, NGO’s, PO’s and

other private sector to improve local governance and thereby

enhancing the good governance practices of barangay officials. At

the national level, results of the study can help identify a

mechanism to evaluate good government practices at the local

level, as basis for national policies regarding good governancein

the sub-national levels. This is vital because governance at the

grassroots level provide the foundation for government practices

in the national level. At the international level, the findings

of

the study can solidify good government practices in the

Philippines which might be at par with other countries. Moreover,

it can help focus on “glocalization” or globalization

contextualized in the local levels. Finally, the result of this

study will be used in facilitating policy dialogues, supporting

initiative reform activities and providing arena for cooperation

among civil society organizations, NGO’s, PO’s and other private

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sector to improve local governance and thereby enhancing the good

governance practices of barangay officials.

Barangay Officials

They will be able to determine the good governance practices and

become more aware of what is happening within the barangay.

People in the mentioned barangays

They can help barangay officials on how to make good governance

practices.

Researchers

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Will be able to know the Good Governance Practices of Barangay

officials in San Lorenzo, Guimaras.

Future Researchers

Will be able to get informations and data's by conducting

research.

Definition of Terms

Barangay Officials - Have given the rights to govern their

constituencies.

Barangay Suclaran, Cabungahan, M. Chavez and Cabano Where is

located at the Municipality of San Lorenzo Guimaras.

A place where the researchers will be conducting.

Good Governance - An Administration to which the constituency is

entitled.

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CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

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Governance is a concept that has been around for years and is

commonly used by many people. There is almost no consensus on the

official definition of governance because its use often depends

on the intended purpose, the people involved, and the socio-

political environment of the term. According to the United

Nations (UN), governance refers to the activities of all

political and administrative authorities to govern their country.

Meanwhile, as stated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF),

governance is a concept in which a country is managed, including

economic, policy, and legal aspects. Thus, in general, governance

has the meaning: the decision-making process and the process of

determining which policies will be implemented and not

implemented.

Foreign Studies

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In 2017, Saada Ahmed Ali conducted a qualitative research to

investigate the role of good governance practices in enhancing

service delivery in public institutions in Tanzania. Using the

Tanzanian Electric Supply Company Ltd, the study explored how

good governance practices improved the service delivery in public

institutions in Tanzania. The results of the study showed that

good governance practices are adhered at TANESCO and that good

governance had significance contributions to quality service

delivery. Finally, the study concluded the existence of a

relationship between good governance and service delivery.

It has been manifested as cited by Necosia (2019) that the

function of governance is to ensurethat an organization or

partnership fulfills its overall purposes, achieve its intended

outcomes for citizens and service users, and operates in an

effective, efficient, and ethical manner. This principle should

guide all governance activity. Good governance requires

all concern to be clear about their functions of governance and

their own roles and responsibilities and those of others, and to

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behave in ways that are consistent with those roles. Being clear

about one’s own role, and how it relates to that of others,

increases the chance of performing the role well.

Good governance is the perfect basis for achieving a sustainable

development strategy. In turn, decentralization is an effective

mechanism underpinning good governance, in addition to

accountability, predictability, and transparency (Al-Hemiary

2010). It affects both the growth and distribution of income

(Khan 2009). In essence, it is a set of principles and criteria

for social management to maximize public benefits, to promote and

ensure harmonious and sustainable country development (Giao

2021). In other words, it is both the ideal state and the goal

that many countries’ government reform efforts have been aiming

towards, as well as the guiding principles for the state and

government, or the entire system’s designs and operations. The

factors that need to be treated as serious are: demographic

challenges that pose a

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potential risk to the country’s socio-economic development and

stability (Bakkar and Ogcem 2020), partnerships taking into

account the geopolitical challenges of integration (Kerikmäe and

Chochia 2016), and the legal boundaries and possibilities that

are imperative for extending local self-governance (Ruohonen et

al. 2021)

Local Studies

Gabriel and Gutierez (2017) provided evidence on the link between

organizational effectiveness, legislative performance and

observance of good governance principles. This case study was

able to measure the influence of the aforementioned variables

within the component cities of Nueva Ecija.

The scientific article of Brillantes and Fernandez (as Cited by

Necosia 2019) addressed the issues of the continuing decline of

trust in government and the imperatives for reform. They surmised

that unresponsive governance has been responsible for the

continuing decline of trust in the government. These studies

underpin the need to investigate the

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extent of good government practices at the local level to be able

to enhance or strengthen the efficient delivery of government

services at the grassroots level.

In a World Bank study on good governance indicators involving 175

countries released in 2002, the Philippines scored relatively low

ratings in the indicators used, namely accountability, political

stability, rule of law, regulatory quality, voice and

accountability, and control of corruption (ADB, 2005, as Cited by

Necosia 2019)

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CHAPTER 3

Methodology

In this part of research paper will discuss the methods will be

use: the design, the environment of research paper and the

informants that the researchers needs. This chapter will only

focus on knowing the informants that needs of the researchers.

This explained the technique used in the developing the data

gathering. This research will be performed in Barangay Suclaran,

Cabungahan, M. Chavez, Cabano is a barangay in the municipality

of San Lorenzo Guimaras is a third-class municipality in the

Philippine province of Guimaras.

According to the 2020 census in Cabano were 5,795 people living

there. This represented 19.68% of Cabano whole population. In

Suclaran Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was

2,010. This represented 6.83% of the total population of San

Lorenzo. In M. Chavez Its population as determined by the 2020

Census was 3,469. This represented 11.78% of the total population

of San Lorenzo. In Cabungahan

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Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 1,464. This

represented 4.97% of the total population of San Lorenzo.

Design

The study employed the quantitative research method utilizing

simple random sampling technique using the survey research to

evaluate the study of Good Governance Practices of Barangay

Officials in the selected barangay in the Municipality of San

Lorenzo. Quantitative Research use questionnaire to get more data

and information from the subjects to conduct the research study.

This research paper adopts a qualitative research design. It

utilizes secondary data sources, including scholarly articles,

reports, and government publications, to gather relevant

information on good governance practices exhibited by barangay

officials. Furthermore, case studies of selected barangays known

for their effective governance practices are included to provide

a more nuanced understanding of successful initiatives.

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Research Environment

The research environment is located at San Lorenzo Guimaras. It

is belong to the Island of Guimaras.

Respondents of the Study

This research was done at Barangay Suclaran, Cabano, M. Chavez

and Cabungahan San Lorenzo Guimaras. The respondent of this study

are the residents of those mentioned barangays and Barangay

council within the perspective area of barangay. Those are such

as residents are mentally able in order to actively participate

who answered the survey questionnaires of how they Barangay

Officials promote Good Governance Practices. The respondents of

this study are chosen residents in the four barangays of San

Lorenzo Guimaras using a random sampling procedure. Its

residents in four barangays there are 12, 738. The researchers

used Slovin’s random technique formula to estimate the sampling

size. The sample size is in the four barangays is 12, 738 with a

0.05 margin of error. The researchers will get 389 respondents

who are residents of the said barangays and it will be divided

into four.

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Research Instruments

The researcher made survey questionnaires are the main instrument

used in the data gathering process. The questionnaire used in the

study is design as a closed ended survey with three distincts

parts. The first section gathers information related to the

socio-demographic profile of the respondents. The second part

assesses compliance with good governance practices in service

delivery with in the barangay in the municipality of San Lorenzo

Guimaras. The third section focuses on the type of service

delivery, encompassing the essential services and facilities

mandated by article 17 of Local Government Code of the

Philippines.

Research Procedure

This section presents the data gathering and statistical

treatment of the study.

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Sloven Formula

n = N / (1+Ne2)

n = 12,738 / ( 1+12,738*0.05² )

n = 12, 738 / ( 1+ 388 )

n = 388 + 1

= 389

Data Gathering

A letter of request to conduct the research outside the school

premises was prepared. The same letter was prepared and it will

be going to distribute to the barangay officials of the mentioned

barangays aboved. After approval, the researchers will

disseminate the questionnaires face to face survey. The

researchers will explain to the respondents the importance of the

study , we will explain to them using the Hiligaynon dialect and

clarify some terms to the respondents so that they can answer the

questionnaire with complete honesty and knowledge of their

responsibility as the subject of the study. In this study , the

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researchers aims to assess compliance with good governance

practices in the municipality of san lorenzo guimaras for the

fiscal year 2023-2024.

After all the information from the respondents questionnaires is

gathered, the date will be tallied and noted for interpretation.

The researchers will ask the statistician for help determining

the appropriate statistical tools to interpret the data. Based on

the data the researchers will collect , the researchers will

analyze and interpret the data come up with conclusions, and

propose an enhancement program based on the results.

Sampling Technique

Using Slovin’s formula in computing the sample size, there was a

total of 389 respondents for this study. The Researcher we’re be

using complete enumeration in determining the samples where in

the identified how the council in Those Barangay, which is

located at San Lorenzo Guimaras competent as a leader in a

barangay was be taken as sample respondents of the study.

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Treatment of Data

The gathered data were analyzed using the following statistical

tools to facilitate the interpretation of the results: Frequency

and Proportion and Weighted Mean.

Table 1. Interpretation Table

Range Scale Verbal Interpretation

Description

(3.26 - 4.00) 4 Excellent Excellent

(2.51 - 3.25) 3 Good Good

(1.76 - 2.50) 2 Fair Fair

(1.00 - 1.75) 1 Poor Poor

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Lastly, Chi-Square Statistics is used to determine if there is

any statistically significant relationship between the

respondents’ sociodemographic profiles and their level of

compliance with Good Governance Practices of Barangay Officials.

Results and Discussion

In this section, we have analyzed and interpreted the data

collected from the responses of the participants in the mentioned

barangays in the Municipality of San Lorenzo.

The research identified the socio-demographic profile of the

participants by collecting the necessary information.

These are the respondent's Age, Sex, Educational Attainment,

Civil Status, Length Service and Monthly Income. The data is

presented in table form. After each table, a discussion is

provided to understand better how the data gathered is essential

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in the research. The following table presents the profile of the

respondents as to age.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page
Title Page . . . . . . . . i
Approval Sheet . . . . . . . . ii

Please continue!!!

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page
Table 1. Distribution of the Respondents . . 38
Table 2. Put Table Title . . . . . . 41
Please continue . . . . . . .

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Page
Figure 1. Research Paradigm . . . . . 38
Figure 2. Diagram . . . . . . . 41
Please continue . . . . . . .

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices Page
Appendix A. Research Questionnaire . . . . 72
Appendix B. Letter to the Validators. . . . 74
Appendix C. Letter to the College Dean . . . 79
Please continue . . . . . . .

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