Presentation and treatment of intoxication and withdrawal

Signs & symptoms Treatment of Signs Treatment of

substance of intoxications intoxication & withdrawal
symptoms
of
withdrawal
Alcohol Talkative, sullen, Mechanical Tremors, Benzodiazepi
gregarious, moody, ventilation if hallucinatio nes,
disinhibited severe ns, seizures, thiamine,
delirium multivitamins
tremens , folic acid
Amphetami Euphoria,hypervigil Antipsychotic Anxiety, Bupropion
nes and ance, autonomic s and/or tremulousn and/or
cocaine hyperactivity, benzodiazepi ess, bromocriptin
(synthetic weight loss, nes and/or headache, e
forms: both pupillary dilatation, antihypertens increased
salts) perceptual ives appetite,
disturbances depression,
risk of
suicide
Cannabis Impaired motor Consider use Irritability, Symptomatic
(synthetic coordination, of anger,
forms: K2 slowed sense of antipsychotics anxiety,
and spice) time, social if patient is sleep
withdrawal, psychotic problems,
increased appetite, restlessness
conjunctival , appetite
injection problems
Hallucinoge Ideas of reference, Antipsychotic None None
ns perceptual s and/or
disturbances, benzodiazepi
possible increase in nes and /or
psychosis, impaired talking down
judgment,tremors,
incoordination,
dissociatie
symptoms
Inhalants Belligerence, Antipsychotic None None
apathy, aggression,
impaired judgment,
stupor, or coma
Opiates Apathy, dysphoria, Naloxone Fever, chills, Clonidine,
(synthetic pupillary lacrimation, methadone,
form: constriction, abdominal or
desomorphi drowsniss, slurred cramps, buprenorphin
n, a.k.a. speech, coma, or muscle e
krokodil) death spasms,
diarrhea
Phencyclidi Belligerence, Antipsychotic None None
ne (PCP) psychomotor and/or
agitation, violence, benzodiazepi
nystagmus, nes and/or
hypertension, talking down
seizures
Anabolic Irritability, Antipsychotic Depression, SSRIs
steroids aggression, mania, headache,
psychosis anxiety,
increased
concern
over body’s
physical
state