DEFORESTATION

_Can be defined as the large scale removal of trees from forest for the facilitation
of human activities. It is a serious environmental concern since it can result in the
loss of biodiversity, water cycle, and soil erosion.

IMPACT OF DEFORESTATION

Impact of atmosphere

_Deforestation enhance a key role concerning climate change. Trees are 50%
percent carbon. When they are felled or burned, the carbon dioxide (CO2) they
store can escapes back into the air. Deforestation is the second largest
anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere with 12% after fossil
fuel combustion.

IMPACT ON WATER CYCLE

_Deforestation has a big impact on water cycle and local climates. Normally, trees
release rain and ground water through evaporation into the atmosphere, producing
localized humidity. The roots help to infiltrate water into the ground. Without trees
less water evaporates into the atmosphere, the land become drier and less stable.
Followed by an increased run off and leaching , which contributes to erosion and
floods.

IMPACT ON SOILS

_Soils build up a unique relationship with the forest trees that they support. When
the vegetation dies leaves and other vegetable matter are returned to the soil
surface. Without the soil vegetation, the soils are more vulnerable to erosion.

SOIL DEGRADATION

_ Is the loss of land production capacity in terms of loss of soil fertility and soil
biodiversity.
IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY

_ The most dramatic is the loss of habitat for millions of species. Forest are among
the most important repositories of terrestrial biological diversity. Tropical
temperate and boreal forest offer very diverse habitat for plants, animals, and
microorganism. Seventy percent of earth, lands, animals and plants live in forest
and many cannot survive the deforestation.

DESTRUCTIVE FISHING

_A practice of uses fishing gear and technique, such as bottom trawling, cyanide
fishing, and fish bombing that destroy fisheries habitat and inflict damage to
marine environment.

DYNAMITE OR BLAST FISHING

_Is done easily and cheaply with dynamite or homemade bombs from made from
locally available materials. Fish are killed by the shock from the blast and are then
skimmed from the surface or collected from the bottom.

_dynamite is use to kill the fish so that they float to the surface and can be scooped
with the net.

BOTTOM TRAWLING

_ is Trawling (Towing trawl which is a fishing net) along the seafloor. It is also
referred to as dragging. Bottom trawling targets both bottom living fish and semi
pelagic species such as squid, cod, shrimp and rockfish.

_ an extremely destructive fishing method where a massive, weighted net is

dragged along the seafloor, capturing fish and destroying everything in its path.

CYANIDE FISHING

_Is a method of collecting fish mainly for use in aquariums, which involve
spraying sodium cyanide mixture into the desired fish habitat in order to stun the
fish. A deadly chemical use by the offenders to stun the fish and make them easier
to catch.
MURO_AMI

_Is a destructive artisan fishing method employed on coral reefs in Southeast Asia.
An encircling net is used with pounding devices, such as large stones fitted on
ropes that are pounded on the coral reefs.

USE OF CHEMICAL FISHING

_certain chemicals can be of potential health concern because of their toxicity and
their ability to accumulate in fish tissue.

_fish can take in these chemicals from the food they eat or the water in which they
live.

Examples of chemical in fishing

Ammonium nitrate

Powdered potassium nitrate

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