Basics of Electrical Circuits

8032101-3

Lecture 10
Dr. Mohammad Alsharef
 Lecture Contents

• Inductors.

• Series and Parallel Inductors.

• Definition of the i-v relationship for inductors.

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 The Inductor
• An inductor is a passive element designed to store energy in its
magnetic field.
• They are used in power supplies, transformers, radios, TVs, radars,
and electric motors.

Typical form of an inductor.

• An inductor consists of a coil of conducting wire.

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 The Inductor
The inductance of an inductor depends on its physical dimension and
construction.

where
N is the number of turns
L is the length
A is the cross-sectional area
μ is the permeability of the core
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 The Inductor
If current is allowed to pass through an inductor, it is found that the voltage
across the inductor is directly proportional to the time rate of change of the
current.

where L is: The constant of proportionality called the inductance of

the inductor.

The unit of inductance is the Henry (H), named in honor of the

American physicist Joseph Henry (1797–1878). It is clear from
Equation that: (1 Henry equals 1 volt-second per ampere).

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 Inductor current-voltage relationship
The current-voltage relationship is obtained from the Equation

Integration gives

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 Inductor voltage-current relationship

• The current-voltage relationship of an inductor:

1 t
i = ò v (t ) d t + i (t 0 )
L t0
• The energy stored by an inductor:

1
w = L i2
2

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 Energy Storage in Inductors

The inductor is designed to store energy in its magnetic

field. The energy stored can be obtained from the two
equations:

The power delivered to the inductor is

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 Energy Storage in Inductors

Integrating the power, we obtain the total energy stored in the

inductor.

The energy stored is

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 Example
If the voltage across a 5-H inductor is.

a- Find the current through the inductor

b- Find the energy stored in the conductor within 0 < t < 5 s.
Solution
a-To find the current

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 Example
b-To find the energy stored within 0 < t < 5 s.
The power p = v i = (30t2)(2t3) = 60 t5

The energy stored

Alternatively, we can obtain the energy stored using

W= (0.5) (5) (2 t3)2 = 10 t6 = 10 (56 ) = 156250 J

= 156,25 KJ

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 Series Combination
In series combination Note that: Inductors in series are combined in exactly the
same way as resistors in Series. The inductors have the same current I through
them.

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 Parallel Combination
In parallel combination Note that: The inductors in parallel are combined in the same
way as resistors in parallel. The inductors have the same voltage v across them.

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 Example
Find the equivalent inductance of the circuit shown in Fig.

Leq = 4 + 6 + 8 = 18 H

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 Review

Alternative Current (AC) is a current that

varies sinuously with time.

Direct Current (DC) is a current that

remines constant with time.

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 Review
Direct current: The water analogy

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 How inductors behave in DC circuit.

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 How inductors behave in AC circuit.

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 Example

Given Data:

Find: Inductor Voltage

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 Example Solution
Using the defining differential relationship for the inductor, we may obtain the
voltage by differentiating
the current:

Piecewise differentiating the expression for the inductor

current, we obtain:

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 Example
Given Data:

Find: Inductor Current.

Solution
Using the defining integral relationship for the inductor, we may
obtain the voltage by integrating the current:

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 Example Solution:.
I0 = 0.0

NB. V = 10mv and L = 10 mH

NB. The current = I(t) + I( 1 second) =0.0 -1

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 Summary
It is appropriate at this point to summarize the most important characteristics of the
three basic circuit elements we have studied. The summary is given in the Table
below

Important characteristics of the basic elements

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