MODULE 5-6

1. Overtime, this condition worsens and persists in 8. What primary cause of atherosclerosis is
which the blood vessel wall becomes inflamed mentioned in the following?
and eventually gets injured potentially leading to a. Genetics
CVS problems. b. Chronic inflammation and buildup of plaque
a. Atheroma c. Aging
b. Atherosclerosis d. Stress
c. Atheromatous plaque
d. Atherogenesis 9. A common symptom of atherosclerosis is
a. Sudden loss of vision
2. During lipid transport, fats are absorbed in GI b. Chest pain or angina
and packaged which transport triglycerides or c. Hearing loss
dietary fats from the small intestines to various d. Persistent cough
tissues in the body for energy and storage. After
they have delivered the triglycerides to tissues, 10. What is the role of HDL in atherosclerosis?
they are being taken up by the liver for further a. It promotes the buildup plaque in arteries
metabolism. b. It transports cholesterol away from the
a. VILDL arteries to the liver
b. ApoB-100 c. It has no significant role in atherosclerosis
c. LDL d. It acts as structural protein in arterial walls
d. Chylomicrons
11. In an accelerated type of hypertension we have
3. Are attributed in helping to prevent this to rapidly reduce the BP over 24 to 36 horse less
progressive chronic inflammatory disease of the than 150/90mmHg
blood vessels. a. True
a. LDLs b. False
b. VDLs c. Depends
c. Foam cells d. Maybe
d. HDLs
12. Which of the is a common risk factor for
4. In fatty streak formation, there is fat deposition developing hypertension?
under the tunica intima layer, the yellowish color a. Strenuous exercise
reflects: b. High sodium diet
a. Oxidized lipids c. Family history of hypertension
b. Presence of foam cells d. High potassium intake
c. Both d Neither
13. Hypertension can lead to damage in which of the
5. This gradual, persistent disease or condition is following organs?
characterized by the narrowing of the arteries. a. Lungs
Narrowing is to b. Kidneys
a. Thrombosis c. Pancreas
b. Arteritis d. Small intestine
c. Stenosis
d. Embolism 14. The happens during myocardial ischemia
a. Increased level of lactate
6. Which of the following is NOT a common risk b. Arrhythmia
factor this condition wherein there can be c. Tachycardia
formation of complicated plaque d. AOTA
a. High blood pressure
b. Smoking 15. This is a type of angina that is marked by
c. Low levels of triglycerides neuropathy, and is usually painless
d. Diabetes a. Pre-infarction
b. Prinzmetal
7. The primary cause of “gruel” and “hardening” c. Stable
a. A diet low in cholesterol d. Silent
b. High levels of cholesterol
c. The buildup of fatty deposits in arterial walls
d. Regular exercise
16. This is characterized by a recurrence of chest 24. A type of shock where there is can be massive
pain that is unrelated to activity pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade an/or
a. Stable angina tension pneumothorax
b. Prinzmetal angina a. Cardiogenic shock
c. Unstable angina b. Distributive shock
d. Silent ischemia c. Obstructive shock
d. Hypovolemic shock
17. This type of angina highly suggests that an
myocardial infarction is about to happen 25. The correct sequence of cough reflex
a. Unstable angina a. Irritation, inspiration, compression, expulsion
b. Variant angina b. Expulsion, inspiration, irritation, compression
c. Silent ischemia c. Irritation, compression, inspiration, expulsion
d. Stable angina d. Inspiration, irritation, compression, expulsion

18. Seen in angina pectoris 26. The following are signs of labored breathing on
a. Fear of impending doom children except
b. Crushing, retrosternal chest pain for <15 mins a. Alar flaring
c. Pulmonary congestion b. Subcostal retraction
d. AOTA c. Intercostal retraction
d. Tachycardia
19. The defunctive treatment of angina
a. Decompensation 27. A 36 yr old factory worker has been coughing for
b. Revascularization 4 weeks. He is clinically classified to have
c. Catheterization a. Acute cough
d. Cauterization b. Subacute cough
c. Chronic cough
20. Which causative agent causes tonsillopharyngitis d. Allergic cough
can lead to rheumatic fever
a. Strep pneumoniae 28. The following are criteria for chronic bronchitis
b. strep pyogenes EXCEPT
c. strep bovis a. Persistent cough with sputum production
d. strep agalactiae b. At least 3 months
c. At least 2 consecutive years
21. One criterion is not included in the choices d. With identifiable cause
a. Fever
b. Migratory polyarthritis 29. This refers to irreversible enlargement of the
c. Pericarditis airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles,
d. Sydenham chorea accompanied by destruction of their walls
a. Bronchial asthma
22. Choose the correct match for the criteria of acute b. Bronchiectasis
rheumatic fever c. Chronic bronchitis
a. Fever + Tachycardia +positive throat swabs d. emphysema
culture
b. Anti-DNase B antibodies + erythema 30. This type of emphysema is typically seen in
marginatum + limited ESR smokers. Only respiratory bronchioles are a ected
c. Anti-streptolisin-O + Subcutaneous nodules + and it a ects the upper lung zone.
carditis a. Panacinar
d. Prolonged pr segment + arthralgia + fever b. Centriacinar
c. Chronic bronchitis
23. Choose the correct one to fulfill the criteria for d. Pneumonia
acute rheumatic fever
a. Anti streptolysin-O titer + positive throat
swabs culture + fever
b. Sydenham chorea + Painless nodules +
Anti-DNase B antibodies
c. Carditis + arthralgia + positive throat swabs
culture
d. Elevated ESR + fever + arthralgia
MODULE 7
1. Presence of gallstones 18. Hemolytic
● CHOLELITHIASIS ● EHEC

2. Associated with aids patient 19. Cessation of inspiration

● CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ● MURPHY’S SIGN

3. Most common hepatitis 20. 20-23. All types of Worms

● HEP A - Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)
- Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
4. Post transfusion hepatitis - Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
● HEP C - Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)

5. Require the presence of Hep B

● HEP D 24. Mortality in Pregnancy
● HEP E
6. Acute pancreatitis EXCEPT:
● Inc Amylase within 24 hrs
● Inc Lipase after 72 hrs
● Decreased Bilirubin
● Inc Alkaline Phosphatase
- DECREASED BILIRUBIN

7. Acute pancreatitis symptoms: high grade

fever, stress, hyperacidity
● AOTA

8. Long-term immunity
● ANTI HBS

9. Most common cause of chronic hepatitis

● H. PYLORI

10. Fecal & Oral

● BOTH HEP A&E

11. Acute and Chronic

● HEP B&D

12. Vertical Transmission, HBsAg positivity, 6

weeks & 6 mos inc
● HEP B

13. Hep B transmission: unprotected coitus,

needles stick, blood transfusion
● AOTA

14. Cause of Food Poisoning

● STAPH AUREUS & BACILLUS CEREUS

15. Salmonella etiology

● TYPHOID

16. Cholera
● RICE WATER

17. Constipation
● LACK OF DIETARY FIBER
MODULE 8-9 ● RPGN (Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis)

1. The following viruses that causes 12. 8-year-old girl with fever, oliguria, smoke
encephalitis EXCEPT colored urine & hypertension following
● Herpes Simplex Virus upper respiratory tract infection.
● Poliovirus ● PSGN (Post-Strep Glomerulonephritis)
● Rabies
13. Stages of Chronic Renal Failure:
2. The 3 Common Bacterial Implicated in ● Stage 1 = > 90 ml/min GFR (Normal) plus other
Bacterial Meningitis: signs of renal disease Stage 2 = 90-60 ml/min
● Neisseria Meningitis GFR
● Hemophilus Influenza ● Stage 3 = 60-30 ml/min GFR
● Streptococcus Pneumonia ● Stage 4 = 30-15 ml/min GFR
● Stage 5 = <15 ml/min GFR
3. Neonates
● Group B Streptococcus
● E. Coli
● Salmonella
● Listeria monocytogenes

4. Most common cause of Lithiasis

● Calcium stones 1. B
2. A
5. Pathogenesis of Lithiasis 3. C
● Hypercalcemia 4. B
● Chronic UTI 5. B
● May Cause Urinary Obstruction 6. B
7. B
6. Morphology of Lithiasis 8. C
● Squamous Metaplasia 9. B
10. C
7. Hydronephrosis 11. B
● 1qStone in Ureterovesical Junction > Dysuria, 12. B
Frequency, + Tip of penis pain 13. A
14. B
8. Stone Pathogenesis 15. B
● stasis (hydronephrosis, congenital abnormality) 16. A
● medullary sponge kidney infection (struvite 17. C
stones) - hypercalciuria 18. C
● increased oxalate 19. C
● increased uric acid 20. A

9. Laboratory Investigation for Pyelonephritis

except:
● Gram stain: Gram negative rods, Gram positive
cocci

10. The following are nephrotic syndromes

EXCEPT:
● MCD (Minimal Change Disease) / Foot Process
Disease/ Nil Disease)
● MGN (Membranous Glomerulonephrosis
● FSGS (Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

11. The following are nephritic syndromes

EXCEPT:
● PSGN (Post-Strep Glomerulonephritis)
● IgA Nephropathy (Berger’s Disease)