Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL) Test
Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL), also known as cross sonic logging or the sonic PIT (Pile Integrity Testing) is a non-destructive integrity testing method for pile
logging test is the most accurate and reliable technique for assessing the
integrity of deep foundation elements such as newly placed concrete drilled
shafts and slurry walls, particularly when drilling below groundwater level. CSL
Description
sends ultrasonic pulses through the concrete from one probe to another probe
present in a pile and detects the structural integrity based on the received
waves. It is mainly used for the integrity test of slurry walls and drilled shafts.
Test Type Non-Destructive Test
ASTM D6760-02 : Standard Test Method for Integrity Testing of Concrete Deep
Standard Code
Foundations by Ultrasonic Crosshole Testing
Advantages • Quick and safe – CSL tests performed in less than 5 minutes
• Can perform tests for above and below waterline structures
• Identify and locate the presence of multiple defects
• CT can deliver high-resolution images with unsurpassed accuracy and
interpretation simplicity
• Perform QA regarding the presence of poor quality concrete, voids,
honeycombing and soil intrusion
• Identify the size, shape, severity, nature and location of anomalies
The CSL test is carried out by inserting a minimum of two sound sensors into
two adjacent concrete pillars or two adjacent holes in a concrete wall. Then,
sound waves are generated from one of the sensors and then detected by the
other sensor. The inspection results from the crosshole sonic logging test will
Method
provide an overview of the structural integrity of the concrete, such as the
presence of cracks, concrete weaknesses and other structural defects.
Tool
Mechanism
Schematic
Result Graph
Pile Integrity Test (PIT)
foundations, to check the integrity of precast piles and installed drilled piles.
This method can detect damage to pile foundations such as cracks, fractures
and imperfect connections in precast pile foundations, and changes in pile
diameter (necking/bulging) in drilled pile foundations and estimate the length of
the pile.
Non-Destructive Test
ASTM D-5882 : Standard Test Method for Low Strain Impact Integrity Testing
of Deep Foundations.
• Pile damage can be detected early
• Can identify the presence of discontinuities in the piles
• The approximate length of the pole can be known
• Can estimate pile profile (for drilled piles)
• Test execution is faster and more economical.
• Little disturbance to field activities
• The equipment used is easy to carry and easy to carry and operate.
PIT is carried out using a special hammer (handheld hammer) or instrumented
hammer and a very sensitive accelerometer on the pile head. The impact is
carried out using a soft-headed hammer, so that the pile does not experience
significant deformation and remains in an elastic state. A blow (impact) on the
pile head produces a stress wave that moves from the head to the tip of the pile.
If the pile material is homogeneous, then the waves will travel at a constant
speed. If the stress wave encounters disturbances, for example: cracks,
changes in the cross-section of the pole, joints, etc., the wave will be reflected
back to the pole head.