Week 1: Rizal Law and Sa Landas ng Paglaya

Who is Riza?
● He is a gang leader
● Hinamon ang isang spanish journalist ng barilan
● Hinamon si Heneral Luna ng suntukan
● Hinamon ang anak ng principal ng suntukan
● Rizal is not womanizer
● Rizal was curious why a lot of women is still looking for him although he is poor because he is
jobless and the money he use is from his family
● He is conscious about his appearance that’s why he is a gym buff he left his barbell in his
house in Dapitan

RIZAL LAW: REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425

AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES
AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL,
PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE
PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

WHEREAS, today, more than any other period of our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the
ideals of freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died;

WHEREAS, it is meet that in honoring them, particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we
remember with special fondness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national
character;

WHEREAS, the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth,
especially during their formative and decisive years in school, should be suffused;

WHEREAS, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the
State, and all schools are enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience
and to teach the duties of citizenship; Now, therefore,

SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public
or private: Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be used as basic texts.

The Board of National Education is hereby authorized and directed to adopt forthwith measures to
implement and carry out the provisions of this Section, including the writing and printing of appropriate
primers, readers and textbooks. The Board shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act,
promulgate rules and regulations, including those of a disciplinary nature, to carry out and enforce the
provisions of this Act. The Board shall promulgate rules and regulations providing for the exemption of
students for reasons of religious belief stated in a sworn written statement, from the requirement of the
provision contained in the second part of the first paragraph of this section; but not from taking the
course provided for in the first part of said paragraph. Said rules and regulations shall take effect thirty
(30) days after their publication in the Official Gazette.

SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an
adequate number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal’s other works and biography. The said unexpurgated editions of the
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their translations in English as well as other writings of Rizal
shall be included in the list of approved books for required reading in all public or private schools,
colleges and universities.

The Board of National Education shall determine the adequacy of the number of books, depending
upon the enrollment of the school, college or university.

SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal
Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be
distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Barrio
Councils throughout the country.

SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment or repealing section nine hundred
twenty-seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public
school teachers and other person engaged in any public school.

SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of
any fund not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act.

SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Week 4: Love of Country

Love of Country By Dr. Jose Rizal *First article of Dr. Jose Rizal written outside of the Philippines.
Published for the first time in Diariong Tagalog, Manila 20 August, 1882; then in La Solidaridad, Madrid
31 October 1890, Vol II, No. 42, pp.246-248. Translated from the Spanish by Dr. Encarnacion Alzona

Here is a beautiful subject, and because it is beautiful, it is very backneyed. Learned man, poet, artist,
laborer, merchant, or soldier, old or young, king or slave- all have pondered it and devoted to it the most
valued fruits of their intelligence, or of their hearts. From the cultured European, free, and proud of his
glorious history, to the African Negro dragged out of his forests and sold for a paltry sum; from ancient
peoples whose shadows still hover over their somber ruins-the tombs of their glories and sufferings-to
the modern nations, full of activity and life, all, all have had and have an idol whom they call Motherland-
beautiful, brilliant, sublime but implacable, haughty, and exacting. A thousand tongues have sung to
her, a thousand lyres have offered her their most sonorous music; the most favored intellect have
displayed before her memory, their most resplendent fineries. She has been the universal cry of peace,
of love, and of glory because she is in the hearts and minds of all men, and like the light enclosed in
limpid crystal, she goes forth in the form of the most intense splendors. And will this be an obstacle to
us who wish to treat of her? And can we not dedicate to her something, we whose only sin is to have
been born later? Would the XIXth century serve as an excuse for us to be ungrateful? No. The rich mine
of the heart has not yet been exhausted. Her remembrance is always prolific, and no matter how little
inspiration we have, positively we will find in the bottom of our soul, if not a rich treasure, a mite, poor
but an enthusiastic manifestation of our sentiments. In the manner then of the ancient Hebrews who
offered in the temple the first fruits of their love, we in foreign land will dedicate our first utterances to
our country, enveloped in morning clouds and mist, always beautiful and poetic, and the more idolized
by her sons when they are absent and far away from her. And this is not surprising, because it is a very
natural feeling; because there in our country are first memories of childhood, a merry ode, known only
in childhood, from whose races spring forth the flower of innocence and happiness; because there
slumbers a whole past and a future can be hoped, because in her forests and in her meadows, on every
tree, on every blade, on every flower you see engraved the memory of a being you love, as her breath
in the perfumed breeze, her song in the murmur of the fountain, her smile in the rainbow of the sky, or
her sighs in the confused moans of the night wind. It is because you see there with the eyes of your
imagination, under the tranquil roof of your old home, a family who remembers you and awaits you,
thinking of you and worrying about you; in short because in her sky, in her sun, in her seas, and in her
forests, you find poetry, tenderness, and love and even in the cemetery there is a humble tomb awaiting
you to return you to the soil. Will there be a genie who will bind your heart to the soil of our native
country, who beautifies and adorns everything, showing us all objects in a poetic and sentimental aspect
and captivating our hearts. Because under whatever aspect she may appear, whether she is dressed
in purple, crowned with flowers and laurels, powerful and rich; whether she is sorrowful and solitary,
clad in rags and a slave, entreating her slave sons; whether she is a nymph in a pleasant garden beside
the blue waves of the sea, gracious and beautiful as the dream of deluded youth; whether she is
enveloped in a shroud of snow, sitting fatidically on the ends of the earth under a sunless and starless
sky; whatever her name, her age, or her fortune might be, we love her always, as the child loves his
mother even in the midst of hunger and misery, And how strange: The poorer and more wretched she
is, the more one is willing to suffer for her, the more she is adored, the more one finds pleasure in
bearing up with her.

It has been observed that the people of the mountains and wild valleys and those born on barren and
dismal land are the very ones who can remember more vividly their country, finding in the cities a terrible
boredom which compels them to return to their native land. Is it because love of country is the purest,
most heroic, and most sublime human sentiment? It is gratitude; it is affection for everything that
reminds us of something of the first days of our life; it is the land where our ancestors are sleeping; it is
the temple where we have worshipped God with the candor of babbling childhood; it is the sound of the
church bell which has delighted us since a child; they are the vast fields, the blue lake, the picturesque
banks of the river which we pass by in a nimble boat; the limpid brook which laves the cheerful little
house nestling among flowers like a love-nest; or the tall mountain which inspire us this pleasant
sentiment? Will it be the raging storm that lashes, and knocks down everything it finds on its way; the
lightning which, escaping from the hands of the Almighty annihilates everything; will it be the avalanche
or cascade, matters of perpetual motion and endless menace? Is it all this that attracts, captivates, and
entices us? Probably these beauties or tender remembrances fortify the tie that unites us to our native
land, engendering a pleasant feeling of wellbeing when we are in our country, or deep melancholy when
we are far away from her, the origin of a cruel disease called nostalgia. Oh! Never sadden the stranger
who arrives at your shores; do not awaken in him that vivid memory of his country, the comforts of his
home, because then you will evoke this sickness, tenacious phantom that will not abandon him until he
sees again his native land or he arrives at the border of the tomb. Never pour a drop of bitterness in his
heart, for in such circumstances the sorrows are exaggerated compared with the happiness of the lost
home. We are born, then grow up, we get old, and we die with this pious sentiment. IT is perhaps the
most constant if there is constancy in the hearts of men, and it seems that it does not abandon us even
in our very tombs. Napoleon, seeing dimly the dark bottom, of the grave, remember his France whom
he loved extremely, and in his exile he entrusts to her his remains, confident that he will find more
comforting rest in her midst. Ovid, more unfortunate, and divining that not even his ashes would return
to Rome, dying on the shores of the Black Sea, consoled himself with the thought that if not he, at least
his verses would reach the Capitol. As children we love games; as adolescent we forget them; as young
men we search for our ideal; disappointed, we weep over it and we go seeking for something more
positive and more useful; as fathers, our children die; and time rubs out our griefs as the air of the sea
obliterates the shoreline as the ship moves away from it.

But, on the other hand, love of country is never effaced once it has penetrated the heart, because it
carries with it a divine stamp which renders it eternal and imperishable. It has been said that love has
always been the most powerful force behind the most sublime actions. Well then, of all loves, that of
country is the greatest, the most heroic and the most disinterested. Read history, if not, the annals, the
traditions. Go to the homes, what sacrifices, selfdenial and tears are held on the sacred altar of the
nation. From Brutus, who condemned his sons charged with treason, to Guzman the Good who allowed
his son to die in order not to fail in his duty, what dramas, what tragedies what martyrdom have not
been enacted for the welfare of that inexorable divinity who has nothing to give you in return for your
children but gratitude and blessings! And notwithstanding, with the pieces of their hearts they raise
glorious monuments to their motherland; with the work of their hands, with the sweat of their brow, they
have sprinkled and made fruitful her sacred tree, and neither have they expected nor received any
reward. See there a man sunk in his study. For him his best days are passing away, his sight weakens,
his hair turns gray and gradually disappears with his illusions; his body stops. For years he has been
after a truth; he solves a problem; hunger and thirst, cold and heat; sickness and misfortune have
successively confronted him. He is going down his grave and avails of his agony to offer to his
motherland a rosette for her crown, a truth- fountain and origin of a thousand benefits. Turn your eyes
to another direction: a man tanned by the sun scratches the ungrateful soil to plant a seed. He is a
farmer. He too contributes with his modest but useful work to the glory of his nation. The motherland is
in danger! Soldiers and leaders as if by charm spring from the ground. The father leaves his children,
the sons leave their parents and all rush to defend their common mother. They bid farewell to the quiet
pleasures of the home and hide under their helmets the tears that tenderness draws. They all leave and
die. Perhaps he is the father of many children, fair and pinkish like cherubs; perhaps he is a young man
of smiling hopes- a son or a lover-it does not matter. He has defended the one who gave him life he
has fulfilled his duty. Peter or Leonides, whoever he might be, the Motherland will know how to
remember him. Some have sacrificed for her their youth, their pleasure; others have dedicated to her
the splendors of their genius; others shed their blood; all have died, bequeathing to their Motherland an
immense fortune; Liberty and glory. And what has she done for them? She mourns them and proudly
presents them to the world, or posterity and to her children to serve as an example. But alas, if at the
magic of your name, oh Motherland, the most heroic virtues shine; if in your name superhuman
sacrifices are made, on the other hand, what injustices…! From Jesus Crist who, all love, has come to
the world for the welfare of humanity and dies for it in accordance with the laws of his motherland, to
the most obscure victims of modern revolutions, how many, alas, have not suffered and died for you,
usurped by others. How many victims of rancor, of ambition, or of ignorance have not expired blessing
you and wishing you all kind of happiness!

Fair and grand is the Motherland when her children at the cy of battle, get ready to defend the ancient
land of their ancestors; cruel and arrogant when she sees from her throne the terrified foreigner flee
before the invincible phalanx of her sons. But when her sons, divided into rival factions, destroy one
another: when anger and rancor devastate fields, towns, and cities; then ashamed, she tears away her
robe and hurling her scepter, she put on mourning clothes for her dead sons. Whatever our condition
might be then, let us love her always and let us wish nothing but her welfare. Thus we shall labor in
conformity with the purpose of humanity dictated by God which is the harmony and universal peace of
his creatures, You who have lost the ideal of your souls, you who, with wounded hearts, have seen your
illusions disappear one by one and like the trees in autumn you find yourselves without flowers and
without leaves, and desirous of loving, find no one worthy of you, there you have the Motherland: Love
her. You who have lost a father, mother, brother, wife, child, in short, love, upon which you have founded
your dreams, and you find in yourselves a deep and horrible void, there you have the Motherland: Love
her as she deserves. Love her! Oh, yes! But not as they loved in other times by performing ferocious
acts, denied and condemned by true morals and mother nature; by making a display of fanaticism,
destruction, and cruelty, no. A more promising dawn, in short, of true Christianity, the prelude to happy
and peaceful days. It is our duty to follow the arid but peaceful and productive paths of science which
lead to progress, and thence to the unity desired and asked by Jesus Christ on the night of his sorrow.

(Sgd) JOSE RIZAL

Week 2: Sa Aking Mga Kabata English Translation

Kapagka ang baya'y sadyang umiibig Whenever people of a country truly love
sa kanyang salitang kaloob ng langit, The language which by heav'n they were taught to use
sanlang kalayaan nasa ring masapit That country also surely liberty pursue
katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid. As does the bird which soars to freer space above.

Pagkat ang salita'y isang kahatulan For language is the final judge and referee
sa bayan, sa nayo't mga kaharian, Upon the people in the land where it holds sway;
at ang isang tao'y katulad, kabagay In truth our human race resembles in this way
ng alin mang likha noong kalayaan. The other living beings born in liberty.

Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita Whoever knows not how to love his native tongue
mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda, Is worse than any best or evil smelling fish.
kaya ang marapat pagyamaning kusa To make our language richer ought to be our wish
na tulad sa isang tunay na nagpala. The same as any mother loves to feed her young.

Ang wikang tagalog tulad din sa latin, Tagalog and the Latin language are the same
sa ingles, kastila at salitang anghel And English and Castilian and the angels' tongue;
sapagka't ang Poong maalam tumingin And God, whose watchful care o'er all is flung,
ang siyang naggawad, nagbigay sa atin. Has given us His blessing in the speech we calim,

Ang salita nati'y huwad din sa iba Our mother tongue, like all the highest tht we know
na may alfabeto at sariling letra, Had alphabet and letters of its very own;
na kaya nawala'y dinatnan ng sigwa But these were lost -- by furious waves were overthrown
ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una. Like bancas in the stormy sea, long years ago

A la Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)

by Jose Rizal

Hold high the brow serene, Thou, whose voice divine

O youth, where now you stand; Rivals Philomel's refrain
Let the bright sheen And with varied line
Of your grace be seen, Through the night benign
Fair hope of my fatherland! Frees mortality from pain;

Come now, thou genius grand, Thou, who by sharp strife

And bring down inspiration; Wakest thy mind to life;
With thy mighty hand, And the memory bright
Swifter than the wind's violation, Of thy genius' light
Raise the eager mind to higher station. Makest immortal in its strength;

Come down with pleasing light And thou, in accents clear

Of art and science to the fight, Of Phoebus, to Apelles dear;
O youth, and there untie Or by the brush's magic art
The chains that heavy lie, Takest from nature's store a part,
Your spirit free to blight. To fig it on the simple canvas' length;

See how in flaming zone Go forth, and then the sacred fire
Amid the shadows thrown, Of thy genius to the laurel may aspire;
The Spaniard'a holy hand To spread around the fame,
A crown's resplendent band And in victory acclaim,
Proffers to this Indian land. Through wider spheres the human name.

Thou, who now wouldst rise Day, O happy day,

On wings of rich emprise, Fair Filipinas, for thy land!
Seeking from Olympian skies So bless the Power to-day
Songs of sweetest strain, That places in thy way
Softer than ambrosial rain; This favor and this fortune grand!
Week 4: Last Farewell by Jose Rizal

Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!,
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best,
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost.
On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight,
Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed;
The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white,
Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight,
T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need.
I die just when I see the dawn break,
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day;
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,
Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake
To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
My dreams, when life first opened to me,
My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high,
Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea
From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free;
No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye.
Dream of my life, my living and burning desire,
All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight;
All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire;
To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire;
And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long night.
If over my grave some day thou seest grow,
In the grassy sod, a humble flower,
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so,
While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below
The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm power.
And when the dark night wraps the graveyard around
With only the dead in their vigil to see
Break not my repose or the mystery profound
And perchance thou mayst hear a sad hymn resound
'T is I, O my country, raising a song unto thee.
And even my grave is remembered no more
Unmark'd by never a cross nor a stone
Let the plow sweep through it, the spade turn it o'er
That my ashes may carpet earthly floor,
Before into nothingness at last they are blown.
Then will oblivion bring to me no care
As over thy vales and plains I sweep;
Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and air
With color and light, with song and lament I fare,
Ever repeating the faith that I keep.
My Fatherland ador'd, that sadness to my sorrow lends
Beloved Filipinas, hear now my last good-by!
I give thee all: parents and kindred and friends
For I go where no slave before the oppressor bends,
Where faith can never kill, and God reigns e'er on high!
Farewell to you all, from my soul torn away,
Friends of my childhood in the home dispossessed!
Give thanks that I rest from the wearisome day!
Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that lightened my way;
Beloved creatures all, farewell! In death there is rest!

Let the moon beam over me soft and serene,

Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes,
Let the wind with sad lament over me keen;
And if on my cross a bird should be seen,
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes.
Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,
And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest
Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh,
And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high
From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest.

Pray for all those that hapless have died,

For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,
For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried
And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain.
Jose Rizal: Sa Landas ng Paglaya

National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)

Dr. Maria Serena I. Diokno

● Pambansang Komisyon ng Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas
● In writing history, it is significant to ask questions

John Nery
● Journalist and Author
● Revolutionary Spirit: Jose Rizal in Southeast Asia
● Jose Rizal’s life is like a movie that was born in the Philippines, went to Europe and
go back in the Philippines where he was killed

Paul Dumol
● Historian and Playwright
● Associate Professor at University of Asia and the Pacific
● When Rizal is alive, there were already legends about him
● Aguilando already proclaimed the first commemoration of the death of Rizal even
before the Americans came in the Philippines
● You can understand Rizal by reading him and not by reading about him that is why
there were already problems when there were monuments about him

Mary Dorothy Jose

● Historian
● Assistant Professor at University of the Philippines, Manila
● Most historians believe that Rizal became the text since Noli and El Fili were written
in Spanish

Renato Constantino
● Veneration without understanding Rizal

Jose Rizal
● José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
● He can be seen on one peso coin
● Has the highest grades until the likes of Claro M. Recto arrived in the scene
● Brother: Paciano Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
● Parents: Francisco Rizal Mercado y Alejandro and Teodora Alonso Realonda y
Quintos
● Born: June 19, 1861, Calamba, Laguna
● Died: December 30, 1896, Rizal Park, Manila before ay Avenida Park
● He is the national hero of the Philippines
● Jose Rizal’s “My Last Farewell”: Poetry
● Rizal “Dos Diarios De Juventud (1882-1884)”: Essay

Fort Santiago: December 1896

● He and Paciano did not talk for 4 years and he wrote his final words to him
● The place of Paciano is in Los Banos, Laguna
Paciano Rizal
● He is not just the brother of Jose Rizal
● He is one of the reasons behind Jose Rizal’s heroism that we don't usually give credit
● The training in the Rizal house was not to be overly expressive of your sentiments
● There were strong feelings with two brothers but was not expressed in the letters
● Letter from Rizal to Blumentritt “ you know, after all this time, I haven’t told you about
my brother. I hope you could meet him”
● He is the kuya of broken dreams because he was unable to finish his law course
because of the GOMBURZA, he was forced to come back
● He is known to be a close student to Father Jose Burgos, who was considered the
most subversive among the secular priests that time
● Paciano went to province while Jose Rizal after a few months entered Ateneo using
his second name, Jose Rizal to distance himself from his brother who was hiding that
time
● He was a farmer who provide for Riza’s education
● He was Rizal’s main link to his own family and Rizal’s financial provider
● He was also a general in the revolutionary army. He was a hero in his own right

Laguna De Bay: December 1882

● There will be a problem in the family and Jose Rizal couldn’t see if they will be richer
or poorer after that because it was just a dream
● It was also dreamt by Paciano twice but the result to him was clever

Madrid: February 1883

● Thinking of the day to travel Europe by Paciano before Jose will go home
● Two paths cannot guide you, especially to one who wants to return to where he came
from, because he will not find any change upon his return - Paciano
● Many of us here lack spirit and vigor but I don’t understand why they are so aimless.
Is it because they’re young or because they have yet to experience any pain? There
are some who just loiter around, not even that smart, so of course they’re laughed at,
and their colleagues are ashamed of them - Jose Rizal
● Why are they allowed to go abroad? They will come home lacking forgetting our good
customs, and picking up what people here throw away. - Jose Rizal
● Paciano received letters from Rizal complaining to him about Filipino youths in
Madrid who were just gambling their money away.
● Reasons he complained:
○ First, they wake up late.
○ Second, they would choose not to go to school.
○ Third, in the afternoon, they gamble.
○ Fourth, in the evening, they go to the casa for the prostitutes.
● How will the Spaniards respect us if we don’t respect ourselves? - Jose Rizal
● You are here, you’re not just here to represent yourselves or your families, you’re
representing an entire country - Jose Rizal
● What he gain from going abroad was the idea of liberalism, which at that time,
spread throughout Europe.
○ He realized that a person has rights to be enjoyed within a society and he
didn’t see this being enjoyed by the Filipinos in the Philippines because we
were a colony of Spain.
La Solidaridad
● The newspaper where the propagandists , the first propagandist in Madrid, Marcelo
H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, including Jose Rizal published essays that
dealth with the changes that could be applied to the Philippines.
● The antagonist is the friar which is a liberal idea that can be found very much in
Noli
● Liberalism doesn’t like authority
● In Noli, Jose Rizal is trying to answer a question which is a personal thing. That
is why Ibarra changes after his weeks in Fort Santiago.
● “Don’t start a revolution because you’re after revenge. You are being motivated by
anger. You will just cause a lot of innocent people to die.” - Elias tells him
● Last chapter of Fili, whom does Father Florentino condemn? They are Filipinos.
● In Noli Me Tangere, he was still full of hope, in El Filibusterismo, his view of life
darkened.
○ The revolution won’t succeed if it’s rooted in personal interest.
● His love for country, his thinking that we all must have a sense of purpose was very
consistent as he willed himself into the hero that he became.
● Spain is still educating the Philippines despite the opposition.
● Eternity of Evolution, of transformation, of progress

Luna and Hidalgo

● Genuine and pure glories of two races who are painters
● Also give honor to Filipino youths and the parents

The Brindis of 1884

● It became controversial because of the idea of two countries, two nations.
● He praised Spain for creating the conditions that allowed the art of somebody like
Juan Luna or Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo to flourish at the same time we he was very
clear that their art was the art of a particular country, a different patria. (Espana y
Filipinas by Juan Luna from the Lopez Museum and Library Collection)
● It was subversive of the thought of having two countries joined together as one. It
sounds nice, but when the people would think, “wait, is the Philippines already
separate?”
● Rizal became more suspicious to the authorities after they found out about the
content of his speech.
● Because of this, hsi family was affected. The Calamba Hacienda case was one of
the big heartbreaks of Rizal. His family suffered a lot because of this.
○ It started when the Dominican Friars raised the rent of the lands in Calamba
○ Rizal found out that not all the lands the Dominicans claimed as their own
were theirs.

Writ of Eviction: Calamba Estate

● People were evicted from their homes.
● “I don’t think the battle that we have to fight should be fought here. It has to be fought
in our own country” - Jose Rizal to Filipinos in madrid. He went home but his family
did not allow him to set foot in the Philippines.
Victoria Harbor: Hong Kong in Late 1800’s
● No, do not come here. We will go there and meet you in Hong Kong. -Jose Rizal’s
family
● Hong Kong is just a halfway point.

Rednaxela Terrace: December 1891

● Pepe was the nickname of Rizal
● His love for his family was the reasons that pushed through him to do it
● If I will live again, I would do it all again
● Although he was unsure if he did the right thing, he did not regret doing it because he
did what he has done because it is his duty.
● D’Aguilar Street Rednaxela Terrace: Rizal’s Residence
○ Happiest months were spent in Hong Kong when they were all together
● Letter in Tagalog
○ What we are fighting for is in the Philippines. That is where we should meet.
○ Ang parang napaglalabanan ay sa Pilipinas. Doon dapat tayo magtagpo.

Hong Kong: December 1891

● A person should be ready to die for his duty and for his beliefs. I’ll wholeheartedly die
for my country.
● He said “Who am I? I'm just a person without a family and at the verge of giving up. I
am filled many times and although the future i face is dark, I think it would be much
darker if the light of a new day did not shine on my country ”

La Liga Filipina in 1892

● One of the most important things that he did when he arrived in the Philippines
● The objectives of La Liga Filipina
○ For the citizens to come together as one nation (pagbuklurin)
○ Establish cooperation (pagtutulungan)
○ Protect each other (pagtatanggol sa isa’t isa)
● The laws are very tame and subversive during that time
● Eulogio Despujol is the Governor General of the Philippines in 1891-1893
○ He believes that Rizal was more trouble than he was worth.
● Andres Bonifacio is the Leader of the Katipunan
○ When the leader of reform was caught, he said “Perhaps this is it. There was
no other choice so they formed the KKK” It is the peak of Rizal’s political
activity.

Dapitan: 1892-1896
● His last 4 years were spent in Dapitan
● Different side of Rizal because he had his school, he picked the best students and he
was teaching them for free. He gave free medical services to the poor, and he was a
man of projects.
● Andres Bonifcaios sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela pretending to have a check-up but the
truth was Andres Bonifcaio wanted to know Rizal’s perspective on the Revolution.
● He realized that it is not only through political aspects that we can change the
Philippines. Perhaps he thought tht many other things or aspects in society can be
 focused on, and that he can contribute his efforts and skills to make those changes
come true.
● He has no money, no equipment, no rich people, and no European Union has his
back.
● He returned to Manila on August 1896 because he was going to Cuba as there is a
revolution there and he would give his service as a doctor.
○ August 30, 1896, Rizal arrived. The most famous Filipino is in Manila
Bay and all of a sudden the revolution began. What would Spaniards
think? In his trial in December, they said It is not a coincidence.
○ He arrived in Spain on October 3, 1896 and he waited for three days
inside a boat, he went off just for a half day and he was sent back then he
was jailed.
○ November 3, 1896, he returned to Manila and was imprisoned in Fort
Santiago.

Fort Santiago: December 30, 1896

● Numerous statements from his family members were presented.

Bagumbayan: December 30, 1896

● Lupa kong hinirang, tanging hinagpis sa lahat ng aking hinagpis, pakinggan mo ang
kaing paalam, mahal kong Pilipinas.
● My chosen land, the sorrow of my sorrows, hear my farewell, beloved Philippines.

Jose Rizal
● He is not just a monument in Luneta, he is relevant not because he is a superhuman
or because his talent is unique or because he is a prophet. He is relevant because it
seems that there is still no change in our society. We still did not erase the social
issues Rizal presented in his works. That’s why in the article of Constantino, he says
we need to make Rizal irrelevant. -Dr. Maria Serena I. Diokno
● We have to change a lot and that idea is very Rizalian. And we are not paying
attention to it. His real target is the ethical change of the Filipino. He says that the
redemption of the Philippines presupposes virtue and virtue presupposes sacrifice,
and sacrifice presupposes love. Virtue, sacrifice and love. His meaning of love is love
of country. -Paul Dumol
● He has such high regard for his own country, his own nation. I think we should also
do the same. Rizal’s life was brimming with fullness. He loved so much. He did so
much. He started so many things. Rizal lived a fuller life than we imagine. That’s a
good reason for us to emulate him. But his full life was at the service of something
higher. -John Nery

It is part of their national hero series

Written and Directed by: Moshe Ladanga
Original Concept by: Moshe Landanga and Jade Principe
Howie Severino
● Nag-uulat about sa life ni Rizal

Little Bad Boy: Binatang Rizal sa Europa – Part 1 of 4

● Building 38 nakatira si Rizal noon at ito ay nawawala
● Nanalo sa lottery sa Espanya kaya gambler din pala sya
● He likes beautiful girls
● Eiffel Tower kilala sa buong daigdig at naging tatak ng Paris, France
● 1889 nakatira sa Paris si Rizal at unang binukas ang Eiffel tower noon
● Not only manunulat, doctor, aktibista kung hindi para maging turista rin.
● What did Jose Rizal did in Paris? A lot like Writing. First time in Paris was only to
visit, political observing. He found out several things. -John Paul Estrates, taga
hanga ni Rizal sa Europe
● Hotel De Paris - first hotel that rizal ay nakatira dahil mura at dahil maganda ang
puwesto
● 20 years old lang si Rizal noong unang nakita ang Eiffel Tower, just a normal boy
who has love for the country

Little Bad Boy: Binatang Rizal sa Europa – Part 2 of 4

● Moulin Rouge - another tourist attraction na sumikat sa Europa dahil sa makukulay
na palabas
● Francisco Rizal Lopez - apo ni Jose Rizal
● Php 10,000 ang bayad or 167.99100 EUR
● Walong taon si Rizal sa europe at paiba-iba sya ng tirahan
● When he came back from London, he went to the residence of Valentin Ventura
(one of the friends of Rizal). He arrived on July 12, 1889 and he stayed here up to
January 5, 1890. Now it is already the residence of some doctors.
● Madame Bernadette Mamsard - caretaker of Valentin Ventura
● He went here to study medicine and dito nanggagaling ang mga pilosopiya tulad ng
karapatan pantao na nais ipaabot ni Rizal sa mga tao
● Avenue Gustave Eiffel - Pasyalan like pwede nya lakarin buong city no need ng
transportation
● Neli Buster - mistisang pinay na inglatera at muntik ng pakasalan ni Rizal at karibal
pa noon ni Antonio Luna na naging heneral sa Pilipinas
● Mara Pardo de Tavera - apo ng kabarkada ni Rizal sa Paris
● Nagsparing sila ni Antonio para malaman if sino may karapatan kay Neli
● Hommage or the Studio Du Peintre Juan Luna. It is the De la Part de Leurs Heitiers
Spirituaels des Annees 1980: is the studio apartment of the brother of Antonio, ang
pintor na si Juan Luna
● Kidlat Club o ang Social group para sa mga pinoy sa Paris
● Madame Evail Lvibul - painter
● Hindi lang puro barkada at good time, nagtraining sya sa tanyag na opthamologist na
si Louis de Wecker and Otto Becker dahil nais gamutin ni Rizal ang mata ng
kanyang ina. It is not a clinic, but an art school already.
● Jean Paul "JP" Verstraeten - knight of Rizal or tagahanga nya. Sinisikap nya lagyan
ng plaque ang mga lugar na napuntahan ni Rizal. 1 decade na nya ito pinapalaganap
sa Paris
Little Bad Boy: Binatang Rizal sa Europa – Part 3 of 4
● Maraming binista si Rizal sa loob at labas ng Pilipinas pero hindi sya bumisita sa Mt.
Arayat, Pampanga pero hanggang ngayon ay buhay na buhay
● Diyos at tagapaligtas sya. Rizal is tagalog of kristo according to the people in Arayat
● Pilipino ang sinasamba nila.
● Tinatag ng inang sinukuan. Siya si Rizal na nagkatawang tao. Si Rizal ay
nakapagsasalita raw dahil kay inang sinukuan.
● Ang bibliya nila ay ang El Filibuterismo at Noli Metangere
● Lee Ching Wong - Rizalista
● Kailnagang maniwala tayo sa ating sarili ay huwag umasa sa mga dayuhan
● Konti na lang ang mga Rizalista dahil konti na lang sila at di na dumarami
● December 15, 2004 pinarangalan si JP Verstraeten ng Banaag Award kaya tinawag
sya na Belgian Rizal. Pinarangalan sya sa Palasyo ng Malacanang, sa mismong
lugar kung saan ipinag-utos ng mga kastila ang pagpatay kay Rizal.
● Los Baños Laguna - lugar ng kapatid ni Rizal na si Paciano if wala sya, wala si Rizal
● Thess Aquino Verstraeten - asawa ni JP
● Francisco Rizal Lopez - apo ni Jose Rizal ay 17 years old n asy anung namatay si
Paciano
● Gumawa ng water works at modern farm si Jose Rizal. May modern farm si Rizal
kasi nakakuha sya ng pera at nanalo sa Espanya kaya gambler din siya
● Mi Retiro - 28 stanzas depicting the life of Rizal in Dapitan
● Claire Rizal Lopez Pinto - great great grand niece of Rizal, she lives abroad
● We are so rich in the Philippines but we need education. We need to develop it.

Little Bad Boy: Binatang Rizal sa Europa – Part 4 of 4

● Calatagan, Batangas is the municipality that has no Rizal so nagbigay ng monument
si JP
● Usually isa lang ang course nya sa college tas nakakasawa na pag-aralan pero si JP
patuloy ang paglaganap ng information
● For most of us, Rizal is just a monument. In Europe, nakilala si Rizal ng wala sa
pedescal, dayong namangha at nangulila, binatang umibig at nabigo, isang Filipinong
hindi pala masyadong naiiba sa atin.
R.A. No. 1425: Rizal Law
● Enacted: June 12, 1956
● Main author: Sen. Claro M. Recto. The reason why we know a lot about Rizal, he
made it mandatory to study Rizal, no exceptions but if a student or parent of the
student will going to affect the faith of students by reading the Noli, you can opt for
exception for the Noli only but you will still finish Rizal course
● An act to include in the curricula of ALL public and private schools, colleges, and
universities courses on the LIFE, WORKS, and WRITINGS of Jose Rizal, particularly
his novels NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, authorizing the printing
and distribution thereof, and for other purposes.
● This includes foreigners and it is a 3 unit Rizal course
● Not optional, it is required ang Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
● Why there is this law? Recto Avenue is in interaction with Rizal Avenue.
● Abolish the law can only be done by Congress since they made the law, not by the
University or professors
● Recto had interest with Rizal because:
○ He is one of the leading or prominent Filipino nationalist. He is nationalistic
○ He is Rizalist (find that Rizal wrote are important for us to follow). It is not
Rizalist cult that is any of numerous ethnic religious groups in the Philippines
that believe in the divinity of José Rizal. Cult is not bad all the time, it is simply
following
○ Rizal’s teaching made Recto better and he realized how effective he is in
promotion nationalism and instilling important messages in Filipinos
○ Rizal is a role model of nationalism
● Promotes and strengthen the national of Filipino, especially in 1956 since the
mindset of people back then have colonialism
● Rizal is very effective that they need to kill him
● The church lang ang tumutol sa law kasi baka mag-iba ang views at
pananampalataya ng tao pero sa congress lahat sila nag-agree na gawin itong law.
● Only friars during time of Rizal ang bad. Franciscan missionaries nakasama ni Rizal
sa pagbibiyahe. Poor franciscan na nakasabay nya pero sa Pinas mayayaman ang
Franciscan
● Not all Friars in Philippines are bad that will be fallacy, some are bad because they
have utang na loob sa Spaniards
● Freelance: depende sa mood ang religion since para itong convenience sa kanya
● 11 silang magkakapatid
Objectives of Rizal Course
● Need for a rededication to the ideals of: NATIONALISM and PATRIOTISM
○ Nationalism and Patriotism: to many people think they are interchangeable,
but they are not synonymous
○ Nationalism came from Nation and nation is different from country. Example,
country is you can see it physically, you can count the different places, you
can measure it like its land area. Nation is abstract, you cannot touch it and
see it. You cannot locate it in the map, but you know that it is there and it exist
because you can feel it through physical symbols. Opposite of nationalistic ay
individualism or selfishness.
○ Nationalism is when you claim what is ours. Bayan is nation
○ GOCC: Government-Owned and Controlled Corporation
○ Nationalism emphasizes a unity of cultural past with inclusion of the
language and heritage. Proud of country no matter what - feeling of blind
arrogance. Nationalist do things not for personal glory or personal gain,
but for the greater glory of the nation.
○ Patriotism is based on love towards people with a greater emphasis on
values and beliefs. Proud of country for what it does - feeling of responsibility
○ “It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great ideal. It is a stone wasted
on the field without becoming a part of any edifice” - Rizal.
■ Edifice can be an structure
○ The nation is always bigger than the self
○ Government, politicians, and people being nationalistic
■ Singapore. Mahirap magkacar here kasi di sya practical sa kanila
since need ng permit to cost

● Imbue Rizal’s LIFE VALUES for: education, love, and pride in work, excellence, etc.
○ Life Values the fundamental core beliefs that guide your behaviors and goals
and help you measure your overall success in your life. For many people,
values begin in childhood as their parents teach them some of what they
believe to be the most important life values.

● Promote LIBERAL IDEAS: Freedom, rights, justice, equality, etc.

○ Liberal Ideas are a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the
individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality
before the law. Liberals espouse various views depending on their
understanding of these principles.
● Note: These are related to the writing of Rizal, so study it kasi kasama sya sa exam
na essay