Cell and its

Organelles
In cities, buildings
cater various forms of
services to increase
productivity. They
also have structures
and other security
measures that
regulate the entry
and exit of people.
Our cells also rely on
biomolecules that provide
shape and rigidity to
them. In addition, our
cells manage to become
selective to the molecules
that will move through it.
 Types of
1 Cells
 Types of Cells
Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells
They are generally larger and have They lack a nuclear
very distinct nuclei that are clearly
surrounded by nuclear membranes. envelope and membrane-
They also have numerous membrane- bound organelles. e.g.
bound organelles found in the
cytoplasm and they divide through
bacterial cell (about 0.2-5
Cell Division. Protists, plants, fungi, micrometers) and divides
and animals have eukaryotic cells.
through Binary Fission.
Regions of
the Cell 2
Regions of the Cell
The Animal Cell
Lipid Bilayer
Components of Plasma Membrane

Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates

1. Phospholipids 1. Integral 1. Glycolipids

2. Cholesterol 2. Peripheral 2. Glycoproteins

Characteristics of Plasma Membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model Membrane Fluidity Selectively Permeable

Mosaic “kinks” lipid bilayer

Composed of fatty acid tails of the which only allows
different molecules phospholipids certain molecules
Fluidity cholesterol to move into and
molecules which act out of the cell
due to its natural
as regulators of
viscosity
fluidity
 Plasma Membrane is permeable to:

Small
Lipids Molecules
1. Oxygen
2. Nitrogen
3. Carbon Dioxide
2 Alcohol 4. Water
Plasma Membrane is impermeable to:

Large
Molecules
1. Glucose
Polar Molecules 2. Amino Acids
3. Nucleic Acids
4. Proteins
 Roles of Membrane Proteins
change conformation to binding of molecules to
transport molecules trigger responses
Receptor
Carrier Proteins
Proteins

Channel Cell Recognition

Proteins Proteins
passageway of certain detect invading
molecules pathogens
 Roles of Membrane Proteins
Cell
Channel Carrier Receptor
Recognition
Proteins Proteins Proteins Proteins
 Evert Gorter Hugh Davson Jonathan Singer
Francois Grendel James Danielli Garth Nicolson
Lipid Bilayer Sandwich
Model
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
Parts of the Nucleus
Parts of the Nucleus
Nuclear
Membrane
• Two-layered membrane
• Contains ribosomes on its
outer layer
• Continuous with the ER
Nuclear Pore
• Selective channels
between the
cytoplasm and nucleus
Nucleoplasm Nucleolus
• Dense, protein-rich • Responsible for
substance where the ribosome formation
nucleolus is suspended • Rich in proteins and
nucleic acids
• Where rRNA is
transcribed and
Chromatin assembled
• Made of DNA and
proteins
• Forms chromosomes
during cell division
 Cytoplasmic
3
Organelles
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
It extends from the nucleus to the
cell membrane and takes up quite
a lot of space in some cells. It
moves material from one place to
another place inside the cell.
Golgi
Apparatus
They are the packaging and
releasing structures of the
cell.
Mitochondria

It is the “power
house” of the cell.
Lysosomes
They contain
chemicals/enzymes that
digest wastes and worn-
out/damaged cell parts.
Cytoplasmic
Inclusions
Computer mockup
Ribosomes
Centriole
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Glycogen Granules
Pigments
The Plant Cell
Structures found in Plants
Cell Wall Water Vacuoles Plastids

It provides strength They are larger and They carry out the
and rigidity to the more centrally photosynthetic
cell. It is composed located in plant cells function in plants.
of cellulose. than in animal cells. E.g. chloroplasts,
chromoplasts, and
leucoplasts.
The Prokaryotic Cell
Parts of the Prokaryotic Cell
Capsule Cell Wall Plasma Membrane
a sticky outer layer that a structure that confers a structure that serves as a
provides protection rigidity and shape to the permeability barrier
cell

Plasmid Nucleoid Cytoplasm

a genetic material DNA-containing region the region where chromosomes
within the cytoplasm (DNA), ribosomes, and various
inclusions are found
Parts of the Prokaryotic Cell
Ribosome Pilus/Pili Flagellum
the site where protein is a hair-like appendage that facilitates movement of
synthesized functions in adhesion bacteria
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