Chapter 10

Waves
1. Three sound waves of equal amplitudes have Statement-2 : Intensity of waves of given frequency
frequencies ( – 1), , ( + 1). They superpose to in same medium is proportional to square of
give beats. The number of beats produced per amplitude only. [AIEEE-2011]
second will be [AIEEE-2009] (1) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true;
(1) 3 (2) 2 statement-2 is not correct explanation of
statement-1
(3) 1 (4) 4
(2) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true
2 A motor cycle starts from rest and accelerates
(3) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false
along a straight path at 2 m/s 2. At the starting
point of the motor cycle there is a stationary (4) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true;
electric siren. How far has the motor cycle gone statement-2 is the correct explanation of
when the driver hears the frequency of the siren at statement-1
94% of its value when the motor cycle was at 6. A cylindrical tube, open at both ends, has a
rest? (Speed of sound = 330 ms–1) [AIEEE-2009] fundamental frequency, f, in air. The tube is dipped
vertically in water so that half of it is in water. The
(1) 98 m (2) 147 m
fundamental frequency of the air-column is now
(3) 196 m (4) 49 m [AIEEE-2012]
3. The equation of a wave on a string of linear mass f 3f
density 0.04 kg m–1 is given by (1) (2)
2 4
  t x  (3) 2f (4) f
y  0.02( m) sin 2  –  .
  0.04( s ) 0.50( m )  7. A sonometer wire of length 1.5 m is made of steel.
The tension in it produces an elastic strain of 1%.
The tension in the string is [AIEEE-2010] What is the fundamental frequency of steel if
density and elasticity of steel are 7.7 × 103 kg/m3
(1) 6.25 N (2) 4.0 N
and 2.2 × 1011 N/m2 respectively?
(3) 12.5 N (4) 0.5 N [JEE (Main)-2013]
4. A travelling wave represented by y = A sin(t – kx) (1) 188.5 Hz (2) 178.2 Hz
is superimposed on another wave represented by (3) 200.5 Hz (4) 770 Hz
y = A sin(t + kx). The resultant is [AIEEE-2011]
8. A pipe of length 85 cm is closed from one end.
(1) A standing wave having nodes at Find the number of possible natural oscillations of
n air column in the pipe whose frequencies lie below
x ; n  0, 1, 2 ...... 1250 Hz. The velocity of sound in air is 340 m/s.
2
[JEE (Main)-2014]
(2) A standing wave having nodes at (1) 12 (2) 8
 1  (3) 6 (4) 4
x   n   ; n  0, 1, 2 .......
 2 2 9. A train is moving on a straight track with speed
20 ms–1. It is blowing its whistle at the frequency
(3) A wave travelling along +x direction of 1000 Hz. The percentage change in the
(4) A wave travelling along –x direction frequency heard by a person standing near the
track as the train passes him is (speed of sound
5. Statement-1 : Two longitudinal waves given by
= 320 ms–1) close to [JEE (Main)-2015]
equations : y 1 (x, t) = 2a sin (t – kx) and
y 2 (x, t) = a sin (2t – 2kx) will have equal (1) 6% (2) 12%
intensity. (3) 18% (4) 24%

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10. A uniform string of length 20 m is suspended from 15. A train moves towards a stationary observer with
a rigid support. A short wave pulse is introduced at speed 34 m/s. The train sounds a whistle and its
its lowest end. It starts moving up the string. The frequency registered by the observer is f1. If the
time taken to reach the support is speed of the train is reduced to 17 m/s, the
frequency registered is f2. If speed of sound is
(take g = 10 ms–2) [JEE (Main)-2016]
f1
340 m/s, then the ratio is [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) 2 s (2) 2 2 s f2

(3) 2 s (4) 2 2 s 21 20
(1) (2)
11. A pipe open at both ends has a fundamental 20 19
frequency f in air. The pipe is dipped vertically in
water so that half of it is in water. The fundamental 18 19
frequency of the air column is now (3) (4)
17 18
[JEE (Main)-2016]
16. A string of length 1 m and mass 5 g is fixed at
3f both ends. The tension in the string is 8.0 N. The
(1) (2) 2f string is set into vibration using an external vibrator
4
of frequency 100 Hz. The separation between
f successive nodes on the string is close to
(3) f (4)
2 [JEE (Main)-2019]
12. A granite rod of 60 cm length is clamped at its (1) 33.3 cm (2) 10.0 cm
middle point and is set into longitudinal vibrations.
(3) 16.6 cm (4) 20.0 cm
The density of granite is 2.7 × 103 kg/m3 and its
Young's modulus is 9.27 × 1010 Pa. What will be 17. A closed organ pipe has a fundamental frequency
the fundamental frequency of the longitudinal of 1.5 kHz. The number of overtones that can be
vibrations? [JEE (Main)-2018] distinctly heard by a person with this organ pipe will
be : (Assume that the highest frequency a person
(1) 5 kHz (2) 2.5 kHz
can hear is 20,000 Hz) [JEE (Main)-2019]
(3) 10 kHz (4) 7.5 kHz (1) 7 (2) 4
13. A heavy ball of mass M is suspended from the (3) 6 (4) 5
ceiling of a car by a light string of mass m(m <<
M). W hen the car is at rest, the speed of 18. Equation of travelling wave on a stretched string of
transverse waves in the string is 60 ms–1. When linear density 5 g/m is y = 0.03 sin(450t – 9x)
the car has acceleration a, the wave-speed where distance and time are measured in SI units.
increases to 60.5 ms–1. The value of a, in terms of The tension in the string is [JEE (Main)-2019]
gravitational acceleration g, is closest to (1) 10 N (2) 7.5 N
[JEE (Main)-2019] (3) 5 N (4) 12.5 N
g g 19. A travelling harmonic wave is represented by the
(1) (2) equation y(x, t) = 10–3 sin (50t + 2x), where x and y
30 5
are in meter and t is in seconds. Which of the
following is a correct statement about the wave?
g g
(3) (4) [JEE (Main)-2019]
20 10

14. A musician using an open flute of length 50 cm (1) The wave is propagating along the negative
produces second harmonic sound waves. A person x-axis with speed 25 ms–1.
runs towards the musician from another end of a (2) The wave is propagating along the positive
hall at a speed of 10 km/h. If the wave speed is x-axis with speed 100 ms–1.
330 m/s, the frequency heard by the running
person shall be close to [JEE (Main)-2019] (3) The wave is propagating along the negative
x-axis with speed 100 ms–1.
(1) 500 Hz (2) 753 Hz
(4) The wave is propagating along the positive
(3) 333 Hz (4) 666 Hz x-axis with speed 25 ms–1.

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20. A resonance tube is old and has jagged end. It is ground. If an observer in car A detects a frequency
still used in the laboratory to determine velocity of 2000 Hz of the sound coming from car B, what is
sound in air. A tuning fork of frequency 512 Hz the natural frequency of the sound source in car B?
produces first resonance when the tube is filled with
(speed of sound in air = 340 ms–1)
water to a mark 11 cm below a reference mark,
near the open end of the tube. The experiment is [JEE (Main)-2019]
repeated with another fork of frequency 256 Hz (1) 2150 Hz (2) 2300 Hz
which produces first resonance when water
(3) 2060 Hz (4) 2250 Hz
reaches a mark 27 cm below the reference mark.
The velocity of sound in air, obtained in the 25. A string 2.0 m long and fixed at its ends is driven
experiment, is close to [JEE (Main)-2019] by a 240 Hz vibrator. The string vibrates in its third
harmonic mode. The speed of the wave and its
(1) 322 ms–1 (2) 341 ms–1
fundamental frequency is [JEE (Main)-2019]
(3) 328 ms–1 (4) 335 ms–1
(1) 320 m/s, 120 Hz (2) 320 m/s, 80 Hz

A B (3) 180 m/s, 80 Hz (4) 180 m/s, 120 Hz

21.
26. A stationary source emits sound waves of
L L frequency 500 Hz. Two observers moving along a
line passing through the source detect sound to be
A wire of length 2L, is made by joining two wires of frequencies 480 Hz and 530 Hz. Their respective
A and B of same length but different radii r and 2r speeds are, in ms–1, [JEE (Main)-2019]
and made of the same material. It is vibrating at a
(Given speed of sound = 300 m/s)
frequency such that the joint of the two wires forms
a node. If the number of antinodes in wire A is p (1) 12, 16 (2) 16, 14
and that in B is q then the ratio p : q is (3) 8, 18 (4) 12, 18
[JEE (Main)-2019] 27. The correct figure that shows, schematically, the
(1) 4 : 9 (2) 1 : 2 wave pattern produced by superposition of two
waves of frequencies 9 Hz and 11 Hz, is :
(3) 3 : 5 (4) 1 : 4
[JEE (Main)-2019]
22. The pressure wave, P = 0.01sin[1000t – 3x] Nm–2,
corresponds to the sound produced by a vibrating y
blade on a day when atmospheric temperature is 0°C.
On some other day when temperature is T, the (1) 0 t (s)
speed of sound produced by the same blade and at
the same frequency is found to be 336 ms –1 . 1 2
Approximate value of T is [JEE (Main)-2019] y
(1) 4°C (2) 12°C
(3) 15°C (4) 11°C (2) 0 t (s)

23. A string is clamped at both the ends and it is 1 2

vibrating in its 4th harmonic. The equation of the y
stationary wave is Y = 0.3 sin(0.157x) cos(200t).
The length of the string is (All quantities are in
(3) 0 t (s)
SI units) [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) 60 m (2) 20 m 1 2

(3) 40 m (4) 80 m y

24. Two cars A and B are moving away from each other
in opposite directions. Both the cars are moving (4) 0 t (s)
with a speed of 20 ms –1 with respect to the 1 2
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28. A source of sound S is moving with a velocity of 33. A tuning fork of frequency 480 Hz is used in an
50 m/s towards a stationary observer. The observer experiment for measuring speed of sound (v) in air
measures the frequency of the source as 1000 Hz. by resonance tube method. Resonance is
What will be the apparent frequency of the source observed to occur at two successive lengths of the
when it is moving away from the observer after air column, l1 = 30 cm and l2 = 70 cm. Then, v is
crosssing him? (Take velocity of sound in air is
equal to [JEE (Main)-2019]
350 m/s) [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) 857 Hz (2) 1143 Hz (1) 332 ms–1 (2) 384 ms–1
(3) 807 Hz (4) 750 Hz (3) 379 ms–1 (4) 338 ms–1
29. A submarine (A) travelling at 18 km/hr is being 34. Speed of transverse wave on a straight wire (mass
chased along the line of its velocity by another 6.0 g, length 60 cm and area of cross-section
submarine (B) travelling at 27 km/hr. B sends a 1.0 mm2) is 90 ms–1. If the Young’s modulus of
sonar signal of 500 Hz to detect A and receives a
wire is 16 × 1011 Nm–2, the extension of wire over
reflected sound of frequency . The value of  is
its natural length is [JEE (Main)-2020]
close to : (Speed of sound in water = 1500 ms–1)
[JEE (Main)-2019] (1) 0.01 mm (2) 0.02 mm
(1) 499 Hz (2) 504 Hz (3) 0.04 mm (4) 0.03 mm
(3) 507 Hz (4) 502 Hz 35. A stationary observer receives sound from two
30. A progressive wave travelling along the positive x- identical tuning forks, one of which approaches and
direction is represented by y(x, t) = Asin the other one recedes with the same speed (much
(kx –t +). Its snapshot at t = 0 is given in the less than the speed of sound). The observer hears
figure. [JEE (Main)-2019] 2 beats/sec. The oscillation frequency of each
y tuning fork is 0 = 1400 Hz and the velocity of
sound in air 350 m/s. The speed of each tuning
A
fork is close to [JEE (Main)-2020]
x
1 1
(1) m/s (2) m/s
4 2

For this wave, the phase  is :

1
(3) 1 m/s (4) m/s
 8
(1)  (2) 
2
36. A transverse wave travels on a taut steel wire with
 a velocity of v when tension in it is 2.06 × 104 N.
(3) (4) 0 When the tension is changed to T, the velocity
2
changed to v/2. The value of T is close to
31. A small speaker delivers 2 W of audio output. At
what distance from the speaker will one detect [JEE (Main)-2020]
120 dB intensity sound? [JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) 30.5 × 104 N (2) 2.50 × 104 N
[Given reference intensity of sound as 10–12 W/m2]
(3) 5.15 × 103 N (4) 10.2 × 102 N
(1) 30 cm (2) 40 cm
(3) 10 cm (4) 20 cm 37. Three harmonic waves having equal frequency 
and same intensity I 0 , have phase angles
32. Two sources of sound S1 and S2 produce sound
waves of same frequency 660 Hz. A listener is  
moving from source S1 towards S2 with a constant 0, and – respectively. W hen they are
4 4
speed u m/s and he hears 10 beats / s. The
superimposed the intensity of the resultant wave is
velocity of sound is 330 m/s. Then, u equals:
close to [JEE (Main)-2020]
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(1) 10.0 m/s (2) 5.5 m/s (1) 3I0 (2) 5.8I0

(3) 2.5 m/s (4) 15.0 m/s (3) 0.2I0 (4) I0

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38. A wire of length L and mass per unit length ~ 1 kg/m3 and f ~ 1000 Hz, then s will be of the
6.0 × 10–3 kg m –1 is put under tension of 540 N. order of (take the multiplicative constant to be 1)
Two consecutive frequencies that it resonates at [JEE (Main)-2020]
are : 420 Hz and 490 Hz. Then L in meters is
[JEE (Main)-2020] 3
(1) mm (2) 10 mm
100
(1) 1.1 m (2) 5.1 m
(3) 8.1 m (4) 2.1 m 1
(3) 1 mm (4) mm
39. Two identical strings X and Z made of same 10
material have tension TX and TZ in them. If their 44. In a resonance tube experiment when the tube is
fundamental frequencies are 450 Hz and filled with water up to a height of 17.0 cm from
300 Hz, respectively, then the ratio TX/TZ is bottom, it resonates with a given tuning fork. When
[JEE (Main)-2020] the water level is raised the next resonance with the
same tuning fork occurs at a height of
(1) 1.5 (2) 2.25
24.5 cm. If the velocity of sound in air is 330 m/s,
(3) 0.44 (4) 1.25 the tuning fork frequency is [JEE (Main)-2020]
40. A uniform thin rope of length 12 m and mass (1) 2200 Hz (2) 3300 Hz
6 kg hangs vertically from a rigid support and a
(3) 1100 Hz (4) 550 Hz
block of mass 2 kg is attached to its free end. A
transverse short wavetrain of wavelength 45. A driver in a car, approaching a vertical wall notices
6 cm is produced at the lower end of the rope. that the frequency of his car horn, has changed
What is the wavelength of the wavetrain (in cm) from 440 Hz to 480 Hz, when it gets reflected from
when it reaches the top of the rope? the wall. If the speed of sound in air is 345 m/s,
then the speed of the car is [JEE (Main)-2020]
[JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 36 km/hr (2) 54 km/hr
(1) 6 (2) 3
(3) 24 km/hr (4) 18 km/hr
(3) 12 (4) 9
46. Two coherent sources of sound, S 1 and S 2 ,
41. For a transverse wave travelling along a straight
produce sound waves of the same wavelength,
line, the distance between two peaks (crests) is
 = 1 m, in phase. S1 and S2 are placed 1.5 m
5 m, while the distance between one crest and one apart (see fig). A listener, located at L, directly in
trough is 1.5 m. The possible wavelengths (in m) front of S2 finds that the intensity is at a minimum
of the waves are [JEE (Main)-2020] when he is 2 m away from S2. The listener moves
(1) 1, 2, 3, .... (2) 1, 3, 5, .... away from S1, keeping his distance from S2 fixed.
The adjacent maximum of intensity is observed
1 1 1 1 1 1 when the listener is at a distance d from S1. Then,
(3) , , , .... (4) , , , ....
1 3 5 2 4 6 d is [JEE (Main)-2020]
42. The driver of a bus approaching a big wall notices
that the frequency of his bus’s horn changes from
420 Hz to 490 Hz when he hears it after it gets m
reflected from the wall. Find the speed of the bus 2
if speed of the sound is 330 ms–1
S2 L
[JEE (Main)-2020] 2m
(1) 61 kmh–1 (2) 91 kmh–1
d

(3) 81 kmh–1 (4) 71 kmh–1 1.5 m

43. Assume that the displacement (s) of air is
proportional to the pressure difference (p) created
by a sound wave. Displacement (s) further depends S1
on the speed of sound (v), density of air () and (1) 5 m (2) 2 m
the f requency (f). If p ~10 Pa, v ~300 m/s, (3) 12 m (4) 3 m

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47. An object of mass m is suspended at the end of 52. A signal of 0.1 kW is transmitted in a cable. The
a massless wire of length L and area of cross- attenuation of cable is –5 dB per km and cable
section, A. Young modulus of the material of the length is 20 km. The power received at receiver is
wire is Y. If the mass is pulled down slightly its 10–x W. The value of x is [JEE (Main)-2021]
frequency of oscillation along the vertical direction
is [JEE (Main)-2020]   P0  
Gain in dB  10log10   
  Pi  
1 mL 1 YA
(1) f  (2) f 
2 YA 2 mL 53. Two cars are approaching each other at an equal
speed of 7.2 km/hr. When they see each other,
1 YL 1 mA both blow horns having frequency of 676 Hz. The
(3) f  (4) f 
2 mA 2 YL beat frequency heard by each driver will be ______
Hz. [Velocity of sound in air is 340 m/s.]
48. A sound source S is moving along a straight track
with speed v, and is emitting sound of frequency 0 [JEE (Main)-2021]
(see figure). An observer is standing at a finite 54. A student is performing the experiment of
distance, at the point O, from the track. The time resonance column. The diameter of the column
variation of frequency heard by the observer is best tube is 6 cm. The frequency of the tuning fork is
represented by [JEE (Main)-2020] 504 Hz. Speed of the sound at the given
(t 0 represents the instant when the distance temperature is 336 m/s. The zero of the metre
between the source and observer is minimum) scale coincides with the top end of the resonance
column tube. The reading of the water level in the
 
column when the first resonance occurs is:
(1) 0 (2) 0
[JEE (Main)-2021]
t0 t t0 t


(1) 13 cm (2) 16.6 cm

0 (3) 14.8 cm (4) 18.4 cm
(3) (4) 0

t0 t t0 t
49. A one metre long (both ends open) organ pipe is
kept in a gas that has double the density of air at
STP. Assuming the speed of sound in air at STP
in 300 m/s, the frequency difference between the
fundamental and second harmonic of this pipe
is _______ Hz. [JEE (Main)-2020]
50. A wire of density 9 × 10–3 kg cm –3 is stretched
between two clamps 1 m apart. The resulting strain
in the wire is 4.9 × 10–4. The lowest frequency of
the transverse vibrations in the wire is (Young’s
modulus of wire Y  9  1010 Nm –2 ), (to the
nearest integer), __________. [JEE (Main)-2020]
51. Which of the following equations represents a
travelling wave? [JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) y = Asin(15x – 2t)
(2) y = Aexcos(t – )
(3) y = Asinx cost
2
(4) y  Ae x (vt  )
55. The percentage increase in the speed of transverse
waves produced in a stretched string if the tension
is increased by 4% will be ________%.
[JEE (Main)-2021]
56. The mass per unit length of a uniform wire is 0.135
g/cm. A transverse wave of the form
y = –0.21 sin (x + 30 t) is produced in it, where
x is in meter and t is in second. Then, the
expected value of tension in the wire is
x × 10–2 N. Value of x is ________.
(Round-off to the nearest integer)
[JEE (Main)-2021]
57. A tuning fork A of unknown frequency produces 5
beats/s with a fork of known frequency 340 Hz.
When fork A is filed, the beat frequency decreases
to 2 beats/s. What is the frequency of fork A?
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) 335 Hz (2) 338 Hz
(3) 345 Hz (4) 342 Hz

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58. A swimmer can swim with velocity of 12 km/h in
still water. Water flowing in a river has velocity 6
km/h. The direction with respect to the direction of
flow of river water he should swim in order to reach
the point on the other bank just opposite to his
starting point is ___°.
(Round off to the Nearest Integer) (Find the angle
in degrees) [JEE (Main)-2021]
59. A sound wave of frequency 245 Hz travels with the
speed of 300 ms–1 along the positive x-axis. Each
point of the wave moves to and fro through a total
distance of 6 cm. What will be the mathematical
expression of this travelling wave?
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) Y(x, t) = 0.06 [sin 0.8x – (0.5 × 103)t]
(2) Y(x, t) = 0.03 [sin 5.1x – (1.5 × 103)t]
(3) Y(x, t) = 0.03 [sin 5.1x – (0.2 × 103)t]
(4) Y(x, t) = 0.06 [sin 5.1x – (1.5 × 103)t]
60. The frequency of a car horn encountered a change
from 400 Hz to 500 Hz, when the car approaches
a vertical wall. If the speed of sound is 330 m/s.
Then the speed of car is ____ km/h.
[JEE (Main)-2021]
61. The amplitude of wave disturbance propagating in
1 the shortest closed organ pipe that will resonate
the positive x-direction is given by y  at
1 x2
1
time t = 0 and y  at t = 1 s, where
1  ( x  2)2
x and y are in metres. The shape of wave does not
change during the propagation. The velocity of the
wave will be ______ m/s. [JEE (Main)-2021]
62. With what speed should a galaxy move outward
with respect to earth so that the sodium-D line at
wavelength 5890 Å is observed at 5896 Å?
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) 322 km/sec
(2) 306 km/sec
(3) 336 km/sec
(4) 296 km/sec
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63. Two travelling waves produces a standing wave
represented by equation. [JEE (Main)-2021]
y = 1.0 mm cos(1.57 cm –1)x sin(78.5 s–1)t. The
node closest to the origin in the region
x > 0 will be at x = ______ cm.
64. A source and a detector move away from each
other in absence of wind with a speed of 20 m/s
with respect to the ground. If the detector detects
a frequency of 1800 Hz of the sound coming from
the source, then the original frequency of source
considering speed of sound in air 340 m/s will be
_____ Hz. [JEE (Main)-2021]
65. Two waves are simultaneously passing through a
string and their equations are :
y1 = A1 sin k(x – vt), y2 = A2 sin k (x – vt + x0).
Given amplitudes A1 = 12 mm and A2 = 5 mm,
x0 = 3.5 cm and wave number k = 6.28 cm–1. The
amplitude of resulting wave will be ___ mm.
[JEE (Main)-2021]
66. The cars X and Y are approaching each other with
velocities 36 km/h and 72 km/h respectively. The
frequency of a whistle sound as emitted by a
passenger in car X, heard by the passenger in car
Y is 1320 Hz. If the velocity of sound in air is 340
m/s, the actual frequency of the whistle sound
produced is _____ Hz. [JEE (Main)-2021]
67. A tuning fork is vibrating at 250 Hz. The length of
with the tuning fork will be _______ cm.
(Take speed of sound in air as 340 ms–1)
[JEE (Main)-2021]
68. A wire having a linear mass density
9.0 ×10–4 kg/m is stretched between two rigid
supports with a tension of 900 N. The wire
resonates at a frequeucy of 500 Hz. The next
higher frequency at which the same wire resonates
is 550 Hz. The length of the wire is ___ m.
[JEE (Main)-2021]
69. The equations of two waves are given by :
y1 = 5 sin 2(x – vt) cm
y2 = 3 sin 2(x – vt + 1.5) cm
These waves are simultaneously passing through a
string. The amplitude of the resulting wave is :
[JEE (Main)-2022]
 (1) 2 cm (2) 4 cm 75. In an experiment to determine the velocity of sound in
(3) 5.8 cm (4) 8 cm air at room temperature using a resonance tube, the
70. The first overtone frequency of an open organ pipe is first resonance is observed when the air column has a
equal to the fundamental frequency of a closed organ length of 20.0 cm for a tuning fork of frequency 400 Hz
pipe. If the length of the closed organ pipe is 20 cm. is used. The velocity of the sound at room temperature
The length of the open organ pipe is ___ cm. is 336 ms–1. The third resonance is observed when the
[JEE (Main)-2022] air column has a length of ______ cm
[JEE (Main)-2022]
71. An observer moves towards a stationary source of
sound with a velocity equal to one-fifth of the velocity 76. An observer is riding on a bicycle and moving
of sound. The percentage change in the frequency towards a hill at 18 kmh–1. He hears a sound from
will be: a source at some distance behind him directly as
[JEE (Main)-2022] well as after its reflection from the hill. If the
original frequency of the sound as emitted by
(1) 20% source is 640 Hz and velocity of the sound in air
(2) 10% is 320 m/s, the beat frequency between the two
sounds heard by observer will be ___ Hz.
(3) 5%
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(4) 0%

72. The velocity of sound in a gas, in which two 77. 4. When a car is approaching the observer, the
wavelengths 4.08 m and 4.16 m produce 40 beats in frequency of horn is 100 Hz. After passing the
12 s, will be: [JEE (Main)-2022] observer, it is 50 Hz. If the observer moves with
(1) 282.8 ms–1 x
the car, the frequency will be Hz where
(2) 175.5 ms–1 3

(3) 353.6 ms–1 x = ______. [JEE (Main)-2022]

(4) 707.2 ms–1 78. A wire of length 30 cm, stretched between rigid
73. A tuning fork of frequency 340 Hz resonates in the supports, has it’s nth and (n + 1)th harmonics at
fundamental mode with an air column of length 125 400 Hz and 450 Hz, respectively. If tension in the
cm in a cylindrical tube closed at one end. When
string is 2700 N, it’s linear mass density is _____
water is slowly poured in it, the minimum height of
water required for observing resonance once again is kg/m. [JEE (Main)-2022]
____ cm.
79. In the wave equation [JEE (Main)-2022]
(Velocity of sound in air is 340 ms–1)
[JEE (Main)-2022] 2
y  0.5 sin  400t  x  m
74. A longitudinal wave is represented by 

 x
x  10 sin2  nt   cm . The maximum particle the velocity of the wave will be :
 
velocity will be four times the wave velocity if the (1) 200 m/s
determined value of wavelength is equal to :
[JEE (Main)-2022] (2) 200 2 m/s
(1) 2 (2) 5
(3) 400 m/s
5
(3)  (4) (4) 400 2 m/s
2

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80. The frequency of echo will be _______ Hz if the (1) 4 (2) 2

train blowing a whistle of frequency 320 Hz is (3)  (4) 2

moving with a velocity of 36 km/h towards a hill
from which an echo is heard by the train driver.
Velocity of sound in air is 330 m/s.
[JEE (Main)-2022]
81. The speed of a transverse wave passing through a
string of length 50 cm and mass 10 g is 60 ms–1. The
area of cross-section of the wire is 2.0 mm and its
2 frequencies move in opposite directions along a
Young’s modulus is 1.2 × 1011 Nm–2. The extension
of the wire over its natural length due to its tension will
be x × 10–5 m. The value of x is _____.
[JEE (Main)-2022]
83. A set of 20 tuning forks is arranged in a series of
increasing frequencies. If each fork gives 4 beats
with respect to the preceding fork and the
frequency of the last fork is twice the frequency of
the first, then the frequency of last fork is
_______Hz. [JEE (Main)-2022]
84. Two travelling waves of equal amplitudes and equal
string. They interfere to produce a stationary wave
whose equation is given by
 2t 
y   10cos x sin cm
 T 

82. A transverse wave is represented by y = 2sin(t – kx) cm.

The value of wavelength (in cm) for which the wave 4
The amplitude of the particle at x  cm will be
velocity becomes equal to the maximum particle velocity, 3

will be [JEE (Main)-2022] __________ cm. [JEE (Main)-2022]



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Chapter 10

Waves
1. Answer (3) 7. Answer (2)
If we assume that all the three waves are in same
1 T 1 Stress 1   strain
phase at t = 0 they will be again in same phase f   
at t = 1 2l  2l Density 2l Density

2. Answer (1)
1
2.2  1011 
 v  speed of sound  1 100
 v – v 0    f  
  
f = f  v  speed of observer  2  1.5 7.7  103
 v  0

1 2
=  106
 0.94 = 1 – v 0 3 7
v
1000 2
v0 =   178.2 Hz
 = 0.06 3 7
v
8. Answer (3)
 v0 = 19.8 m/s
(2n  1)v
f   1250
v 02 4L
 Distance covered = = 98 m
2a
(2n  1)  340
3. Answer (1)   1250
0.85  4
 2n – 1  12.5
 2 
 Answer is 6.
  0.04  0.50
    12.5 m/s 9. Answer (2)
k  2  0.04
 0.50 
   v   320  320
f1  f  f  f Hz
v  vs   320  20  300
T
 T  v2  (12.5)2  0.04 = 6.25 N
  v  320
f2  f  f  Hz
4. Answer (2) v  vs  340

y = 2Asint coskx f  f f 
100   2  1   2 1   100
At nodes,  f1   f1 
coskx = 0
 300 
 100   1  12%
(2n  1)  340 
 kx 
2
10. Answer (2)
5. Answer (1)
T

1 
I  2 A2v
2
I  A2, I  2 dx xg

6. Answer (4) dt 

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 L
15. Answer (4)
dx t
 xg
 0 dt  340 
0 f1  f0  
 340  34 
 t = 2 2 s
11. Answer (3)  340 
f2  f0  
 340  17 
Before dipping

v f1 340  17 19
f   
2L f2 340  34 18
After dipping
16. Answer (4)
v
f  f
4L T 8 1
v=  = 40 m/s
2  5  103
12. Answer (1)
v 40
V 1 Y =   0.4m
f0   f 100
2L 2L 

10 Separation between successive nodes =
1 9.27  10 2
=  4.88 kHz  5 kHz
2  0.6 2.7  103
= 0.2 m  20 cm
13. Answer (2)
17. Answer (3)
T mg
v  v
  fo 
4L

m g 2  a2 Also, fn = (2n + 1) fo
v 

20,000
So (2n + 1) would take value of  13.33
1500
v g 2  a2
   1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13
v g
So overtones are 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13
 a  1.83
Total 6 No. of overtones would be heard
g
a  18. Answer (4)
5
14. Answer (4)  x
Y  A sin  t  
 = 0.50  v

1 V = 50 m/s by comparison.
 m
2
T
  330  2  660 Hz 50 

 50 
 330   T = 2500 × 5 × 10–3
18 
    666 Hz
330 T = 12.5 N

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19. Answer (1) In 4th harmonic,
y(x, t) = 10–3 sin(50t + 2x)

 50
 v=  = 25 ms–1
k 2 L = 2

And wave is travelling in –ve x-direction. 2

   /20
20. Answer (3) 

1  = 40 m
 l 0  11
4 4
 L  80 m
2
2
 l 0  27 24. Answer (4)
4
S O
 2  1
 16 cm 20 m/s 20 m/s
4
(v  u0 ) (v  20)
 1 1  f   f0   f0
 V  (v  us ) (v  20)
  0.64 m
 256 512 
320
 V = 512 × 0.64 m/s  2000   f0
360
= 328 m/s
21. Answer (2) 2000  9
  f0  2250 Hz
8
VA uB rB  25. Answer (2)
  2 A
VB u A rA B
 2

 l A = 2B 2 3

p 1 4
    m
q 2 3
22. Answer (1)
4
   240 = 320 m/s
1000 3
V1  m/s
3 3rd harmonic
fn = nf0
V T
240
dV 1 dT f0   80 Hz
 3
V 2 T
26. Answer (4)
83 1 dT Frequency of sound source (f0) = 500 Hz
 
3  1000 2 273 When observer is moving away from the source

273  2  8    0 
dT   4.36C Apparent frequency f1  480  f0   ...(i)
1000   
23. Answer (4) And when observer is moving towards the source

3.14      0 
 = 0.157   f2  530  f0   ...(ii)
20 20   

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 From equation (i) 32. Answer (3)
 300   0  Obs.
480  500  
 300  S1 u S2
0 = 12 m/s
v u
n1   n0
From equation (ii) v
   v v
530  500  1  0  n2   n0
   v
  = 18 m/s 2u  n0
 n2  n1 
27. Answer (3) v
Beat frequency = |f1 – f2| = 11 – 9 = 2 Hz 2  u  660
 10 
28. Answer (4) 330
 u = 2.5 m/s
 V V0  33. Answer (2)
fapp  fact  
 V  Vs  l1 = 30 cm, l2 = 70 cm


 350  0   350     l 2 – l1   40 cm
1000  fact 
 350   50   and f   fact  350  50  2
 
  = 80 cm
1000  300  U =  = 480 × (0.8) m/s
 fact 
400 = 384 m/s
34. Answer (4)
fact  750 Hz
l = 60 cm, m = 6 g, A = 1 mm2, v = 90 m/s
29. Answer (4)
f1 (frequency received by A) T mv 2
v l T 
m l
 1500  5 
 0 
1500  7.5  Tl mv 2  l
 L  
f2 [frequency received by B] YA l YA 

1495 1507.5 6  10 3  902

 0     3  10 4 m
1492.5 1505 16  1011  106
= 502 Hz. = 0.03 mm
30. Answer (1) 35. Answer (1)
y = A sin (t – kx + ) c v v
f1  f0
At t = 0 and x = 0 particle is at mean position and S
c v 1 O S2
will proceed in positive y direction
31. Answer (2) c
f2  f0
c v
I
120  10log10  1 1 
10 12  2  f1  f2  f0 c  
 c  v c  v 
I
  1012  I = 1 W/m2 2v
10 12  f0c
 v2 
c 2 1  2 
2 2  c 
1  r  m  0.399 m
4r 2 4 2c 350 1
 v  2f  1400  4 m/s
= 40 cm 0

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36. Answer (3) 40. Answer (3)
v
T f 
v 

V1 V2

1  2
v1 T1 v 2.06  104
   2  V2
v2 T2 v T2  2 = 1 V
1

2.06  104 T2 8g
 T2   0.515  104 N = 1 T  1 2g
4 1

 2 = 12 cm
 T2  5.15  103 N
41. Answer (3)
37. Answer (2)

 2   n  1.5 , n is odd integer
2  
I0 = CA
A
 × m = 5, m is integer
1 1 1
  can be , ,
1 3 5
\4
A 3 5
 \4 as   and,  
n m
42. Answer (2)
A 330  v
 420  490
330  v
AR  A  A 2  A(1  2) 330  v 7
 
330  v 6
IR  CAR2  13v = 330

 
2 330
 CA2 1  2  v  25.38 m/s
13
= 91 km/h
 
2
IR  I0 1  2  5.8279 I0
43. Answer (1)
38. Answer (4) 
 P0  B × S0
Fundamental frequency = 70 Hz. v
P  v P  v
1 T  S= =
70  B v 2  2
2l 
P
 S
l  2.14 m vf

39. Answer (2) P

 S
vf
V
f  10
2L = 1 300  1000
450 TX
  1
300 TZ = mm
30
TX 3
  2.25  mm
TZ 100
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44. Answer (1) 48. Answer (1)

Source
L  v

h
O Observer

  While approaching
L  h1  n 
2 4
 c 
  0  
   c – v cos  
L  h2  (n  1) 
2 4 While receding
  
  h2  h1  24.5  17.0  7.5 cm   0 
c

2  c  v cos  

  = 15 cm 49. Answer (106)

u = f
vair = 300 m/s
f = 2200 Hz
45. Answer (2) B 300
v gas    150 2 m/s
2 air 2
345  u
 440  480
345  v nv
f  (open organ pipe)
n th harmonics 2L
 11 × 345 + 11v = 12 × 345 – 12v

345 v gas 150 2

 v  15 m/s  f1  f0    75 2 Hz.
23 2L 2 1
= 54 km/h = 106 Hz (approx)
46. Answer (4) 50. Answer (35)
At L, S1L – S2L = 2.5 – 2.0 = 0.5 m
m
m  Al        A
  l 
=
2
For adjacent maximum T T
Now, v and  Y (strain)
 A
S1L – S2L = 
S1L =  + S2L
T
 v 
= 1+2 A
= 3m T
 9  1010  4.9  104
47. Answer (2) A

1 k
f = 9  1010  4.9  104
2 m  v
9  103
YA
k =  v = 70 m/s
L
 1  YA v 70
f=    f0    35 Hz
 2  mL 2L 2  1

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51. Answer (1) 57. Answer (1)
Travelling wave equation, fA = 340 ± 5
y = f(± kx ± t) If fA increases, then beat frequency decreases
 y = A sin(15x – 2t) is a travelling wave.  fA = 335
52. Answer (8) 58. Answer (120)
Total attenuation = – 100 dB To reach directly opposite point.
B
P 
– 100 = 10 log10  out 
 Pin  vsr

Pout = Pin  10 –10 

vr
= 100 × 10–10 W
A
= 10–8 W
6 1
53. Answer (8) v sr sin   vr sin   
12 2
 V + VC  2  = 30°
f  = f0  S  b  4ac
 VS –VC  Angle w.r.t. flow = 120°.
59. Answer (2)
 340  2 
= 676    684 Hz 2A = 0.06
 340 – 2 
A = 0.03
Beat frequency f = f – f0 = 8 Hz
54. Answer (3) 300 2
 ,k   245  5.1
245 300
v 336 2
  m m = 1540
 504 3
So, option (2) matches.

  le 60. Answer (132)
4
v  vc
2 f  f
 100 v  vc
 3  l  0.6  3
4
330  v c
 l = 14.8 cm   400  500
330  v c
55. Answer (2)
330 = 9v
T 110
v  v m/s or 132 km/h
 3

v 1 T 61. Answer (2)

 100   100 = 2%
v 2 T 1
If y  at t  0
56. Answer (1215) 1 x2

 1
v  30 m / s y at t  1
k 1  ( x  2)2

T  v 2 1
 y at any time t
 0  0135  900 1  ( x  2t )2

 12.15 N v = 2 m/s

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62. Answer (2) 68. Answer (10)
 = 9 × 10–4 kg/m
V
1 T = 900 N
 obs  actual C
V v = 103 m/s
1
C fn = 500 Hz, fn+1 = 550 Hz
Fundamental frequency = 50 Hz
 V
5896 = 5890  1   [for V << C]   = 20 m
 C
 = 10 m
C 6
V  306 km/s 69. Answer (1)
5890
y1 = 5sin(2x – 2vt)
63. Answer (1)
y2 = 3sin(2x – 2vt + 3)
k = 1.57 cm–1
 Phase difference = 3
2
   4 cm
k  Anet  A12  A22  2 A1A2 cos(3)
Closest node will be at a distance /4 from x = 0  Anet = 2 cm
(Antinode)
70. Answer (80)
64. Answer (2025)
 V   V 
 v  vo  2    
app  0    2L
 v  vs   0   4LC 

L0 = 4LC
 v  vs  360
0  app     1800   2025 = 4 × 20
 v  vo  320
= 80 cm
65. Answer (7)
71. Answer (1)
y1 = A1 sin k(x – vt)
y2 = A2 sin k (x – vt + x0) v  v0 
f '  f0  
v  vs 
A 2  A12  A 22  2A1A 2 cos 
where  = kx0 = 2 × 3.5 = 7  v
v  5 
 A = |A1 – A2| = 7 mm  f'f  
0
 v 
66. Answer (1210)
6f0
 v  v0   f'
f  f0   5
vv
 s 
 % change = 20
 v  vs   340  10 
f0  f    1320   72. Answer (4)
vv  340  20 
 0 
v v 40
= 1210 Hz – 
4.08 4.16 12
67. Answer (34)
40 4.08  4.16
(2n  1) v v= 
f 12 0.08
4l
= 707.2 m/s
v
lmin   34 cm
4f  Option (4) is correct.

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73. Answer (50)
 320  5   325 
f2  f0    640  320 
n  320   
Given 340  v
4  125
= 650
n=5
Beat frequency = f2 – f1
So  = 100 cm
= 650 – 630 = 20 Hz

So minimum height is  50 cm 77. Answer (200)
2

74. Answer (2) v

100  v 0
v  vC
x
Particle velocity 
t
v
50  v 0
 Maximum particle velocity = (2n) (10) v  vc
 (2n) (10) = (n) (4)
v  vc
  = 5 2
v  vc
75. Answer (104)
2v – 2vc = v + vc
v
400  …(i)
4(L1  e ) v
vc 
3
5v
400  …(ii) v 3 200 x
4(L2  e ) 100  v 0  v0  
2v 3 3

  x = 200
 L1  e   21 cm
4
78. Answer (3)

5
L2  e   105 cm v
4  50 Hz
2l
 e = 1 cm & L2 = 104 cm
2
  30  
76. Answer (20)  T  100     
  100  

2700
  3
900

79. Answer (3)

 320  5   315 
f1  f0    640  
 320   320  coefficient of t
v wave 
coefficient of x
= 630 Hz

f3 = f0 [No relative motion] 400

 = 400 m/s
1

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80. Answer (340) 82. Answer (1)


5  A
v s  36   10 m/sec k
18
1 1
 k  A  2 cm
v  vs
f  f0
v  vs
2 1
 
 2 cm
340
  320   = 4 cm
320
83. Answer (152)
= 340 Hz Given 20 = 21
Also 20 = 4 × 19 + 1
81. Answer (15) So 20 = 152 Hz
84. Answer (5)
T
v A  10 cos ( x )

4
At x 
3
2 10  10 3
So T  60   72 N
0.5  4
A  10 cos    
 3 
T 72  0.5
    15  10 5 m = |– 5 cm|
YA 1.2  10 –11  2  106
 Amp = 5 cm



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