Kangayam

A PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

ON

"STUDYING THE FACTOR ON WHICH THE

SELFINDUCTANCE OF A COIL DEPENDS BY
OBSERVING THE EFFECT OF THIS COIL, WHEN PUT IN
SERIES WITH A RESISTOR/(BULB) IN A CIRCUIT FED UP
BY AN A.C. SOURCE OF ADJUSTABLE FREQUENCY."

Submitted to CBSE in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the completion of

AISSCE, 2023 – 2024

Submitted by

S KABILESH

Under the guidance of

Ms K. Fathima Begam, M.E(A.E)

PG Physics Teacher

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 Kangayam

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

This is to certify that S KABILESH, a student of grade 12, of Kovai Vidyashram,

Kangayam has completed his investigatory project titled "STUDYING THE
FACTOR ON WHICH THE SELF-INDUCTANCE OF A COIL DEPENDS BY
OBSERVING THE EFFECT OF THIS COIL, WHEN PUT IN SERIES WITH A
RESISTOR/(BULB) IN A CIRCUIT FED UP BY AN A.C. SOURCE OF
ADJUSTABLE FREQUENCY." Under the guidance of Ms. K. Fathima Begam, M.E,
during the year 2023-2024 in partial fulfillment of Physics Practical Examination
conducted by CBSE, New Delhi.

Principal

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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 Kangayam

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the accomplishment of this project successfully I’m utilizing this time to

thank all the people who bestowed. First, I would like to take this opportunity to
thank our Correspondent Dr.D.Dhanapal M.A.,MBA.,Ph.D, our Principal
Ms.K.M.Azhageshwari M.A.,M.Phil.,D.El.Ed., and our teacher Ms . K .
Fathima Begam , M.E(A.E), whose support , guidance and encouragement have
enabled me to complete this project. Then I would like to thank my parents and
friends who have helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance.

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 INDEX

S.no Topic Page no

1. Introduction 5

2. Aim 6

3. Material required 6

4. Schematic diagram 7

5. Theory 8

6. Procedure 9

7. Observation 11

8. Result 12

9. Precautions 12

10. Sources of Errors 12

11. Appendix 13

12. Bibliography 14

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 INTRODUCTION

There are four basic factors of inductor construction determining the amount of
inductance created. These factors all indicate inductance by affecting how much
magnetic field flux will develop for a given amount of magnetic field force (current
through the inductor's wire coil).

The factors are:

 Number of wire wraps or "turns" in the coil.
 Coil area.
 Coil length.
 Core material.

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AIM

To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends by observing

the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an
a.c.source of adjustable frequency.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

 A coil of large number of turns

 An a.c. source of adjustable frequency
 An electric bulb (6 V)
 An a.c. ammeter
 A soft iron rod
 One-way key
 Connecting wires

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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THEORY

Self-inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is given by

Where,
L= Inductance of coil in Henrys
N = Number of turns in wire coil (straight wire = 1)
μ = Permeability of core material (absolute, not relative)
μr,=Relative permeability, dimensionless (μ= 1 for air)

μ0,= 1.26x10 T-m/At permeability of free space

A = Area of coil in square meters = r2
1 - Average length of coil in meters

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 PROCEDURE:
1. Draw a neat circuit diagram as shown.

2. Make neat and tight connections according to the circuit

diagram. Keep the plug out of the one-way key.

(a) To study the effect of number of turns

3. Insert the plug in the key K. The current begins to flow in the circuit. The lamp
lights up. Adjust the frequency of a.c. so that the lamp is sufficiently bright. Observe
carefully the brightness of the lamp. Take out the plug from the key.

4. Reduce the number of turns of inductance to half and connect in the circuit.
Insert the plug in the key. Now. both the current and the brightness of the lamp increase.
Take out the plug from the key.

Explanation: Decrease in the number of turns decreases inductance and hence

inductive reactance. Due to decrease in inductive reactance, both the current and the
brightness of lamp increase.

Result: The inductance of a coil decreases with decrease in the number of turns.

(b) To study the effect of permeability of the medium

5. Take an inductance of sufficiently large number of turns. Connect it in the

circuit. Insert the plug in the key. Note the current in the ammeter. Observe carefully
the brightness of the lamp.

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6. Insert a cylindrical iron core inside the hollow cylinder on which the coil is wound.
Note the current in the ammeter. Observe the brightness of the lamp. It will be
observed that both the current and brightness of lamp decrease. Take out the plug
from the key.

Explanation: Due to increase in permeability, the inductance and hence the inductive
reactance increases. As a result of this, both the current and brightness of lamp
decrease.

Result: Inductance increases with increase in permeability of the medium on which

the coil is wound.

(c) To study the effect of area of cross-section

7. Repeat step 5.

8. Take another coil having the same number of turns but wound on a cylinder of
larger diameter. Connect it in the circuit. Observe the current in the ammeter.
Observe the brightness of the lamp: It will be observed that both the current and
brightness of lamp decrease. Take out the plug from the key.

Explanation: Increase of cross-sectional area increases inductance and hence

inductive reactance. As a result of this, both the current and brightness of lamp
decrease.

Result: The inductance of a coil increases with the increase in cross-sectional area of
the coil.

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 OBSERVATION:

 Least Count Error = 0 A.

 Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
 Range of ammeter = 0-5 A.

S.no Frequency of Current in ammeter Current in ammeter

applied voltage without iron rod in with iron and in coil
(Hz) coil (A) (A)

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PRECAUTIONS:
 The coil should have large number of turns.
 There should be no parallax while reading the ammeter.
 Current should be passed only for a small time. This will avoid heating
effect.

SOURCE OF ERROR:
 May be eddy currents in soft iron.
 The resistance of the circuit may increase slightly due to heating
effect of current.

RESULT:

 The current in the decrease in inserting the rod in the core of the coil
at constant frequency of applied voltage and brightness of bulb decrease
and vice-versa.

 The current in the circuit increase on deceasing the frequency of applied

voltage and vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of bulb increase.

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APPENDIX

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 www.Ukessays.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 Ncert book

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THANK YOU