Ministry of Higher

Education and
Scientific Research

Advanced Mass Transfer

Master Course

By
Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham Wiheeb

2020 - 2021
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

18.3 Diffusion with a heterogeneous chemical reaction

Let us now consider a simple model for a catalytic reactor, such as that shown in
Fig. 18.3-la, in which a reaction 2A → B is being carried out. This reaction is a solid-
catalyzed dimerization of CH3CH=CH2.

• We imagine that each catalyst particle is surrounded by a stagnant gas film through
which A has to diffuse to reach the catalyst surface, as shown in Fig. 18.3-lb.

• At the catalyst surface we assume that the reaction 2A → B occurs instantaneously,

and that the product B then diffuses back out through the gas film to the main turbulent
stream composed of A and B.

• We want to get an expression for the local rate of conversion from A to B when the
effective gas-film thickness and the main stream concentrations 𝒙𝑨𝟎 and 𝒙𝑩𝟎 are
known.

• We assume that the gas film is isothermal, although in many catalytic reactions the heat
generated by the reaction cannot be neglected.

• There is one mole of B moving in the minus z direction (-z) for every two moles of A
moving in the plus z direction (+z), as shown in Fig. 18.3-lb.

(b)

2
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Therefore, we know that at steady state:

1
𝑁𝐵𝑧 = − 𝑁 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟏)
2 𝐴𝑧
𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = −𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 + 𝑥𝐴 ( 𝑁𝐴𝑧 + 𝑁𝐵𝑧 )
𝑑𝑧
1
Since unequimolecular counter diffusion → 𝑁𝐵𝑧 = − 𝑁
2 𝐴𝑧
1 𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑧 − 𝑥𝐴 ( 𝑁𝐴𝑧 − 𝑁𝐴𝑧 ) = −𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵
2 𝑑𝑧
𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = − (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟐)
1
(1 − 2 𝑥𝐴 ) 𝑑𝑧

We now make a mass balance on species A over a thin slab of thickness Δz in the gas film.
This procedure is exactly the same as that used in connection with Eqs. 18.2-2 and 3 (page 4)
and leads once again to the equation.

𝑑𝑁𝐴𝑧
− =0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟑)
𝑑𝑧
Substituting Eq.(18.3-2) into Eq.(18.3-3) (for constant 𝑫𝑨𝑩 ) gives:

𝑑 1 𝑑𝑥𝐴
( ) =0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟒)
1
𝑑𝑧 1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑧
2 𝐴
1 𝑑𝑥𝐴
by first integration: → = 𝐶1
1
1 − 2 𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑧

𝑑𝑥𝐴 1
= (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) 𝐶1
𝑑𝑧 2
1
by second integration: → −2 ln (1 − 𝑥 ) = 𝐶1 𝑧 + 𝐶2
2 𝐴

If we replace: 𝐶1 = −2 ln 𝐾1

𝐶2 = −2 ln 𝐾2
1
−2 ln (1 − 𝑥 ) = (−2 ln 𝐾1 ) 𝑧 − 2 ln 𝐾2 = −2( ln 𝐾1 𝑧 + ln 𝐾2 ) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟓)
2 𝐴
1
ln (1 − 𝑥 ) = ( ln 𝐾1 𝑧 + ln 𝐾2 ) = ln(𝐾1 𝑧 𝐾2 )
2 𝐴
𝟏
𝟏− 𝒙 = 𝑲𝟏 𝒛 𝑲 𝟐
𝟐 𝑨

Where: 𝐾1 & 𝐾2 are determined from boundary conditions:

3
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=0 , 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟔)

𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=𝛿 , 𝑥𝐴 = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟕)

1 1
1− 𝑥𝐴0 = 𝐾1 0 𝐾2 → 𝐾2 = 1 − 𝑥 … … … … . (1)
2 2 𝐴0
1 1 1
1− (0) = 𝐾1 𝛿 𝐾2 → 𝐾1 𝛿 = =
2 𝐾2 1 − 1 𝑥
2 𝐴0
1
−
1 𝛿
→ 𝐾1 = (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 ) … … … … . (2)
2

Substituting 𝐾1 and 𝐾2 to get:

𝟏
𝟏− 𝒙𝑨 = 𝑲𝟏 𝒛 𝑲 𝟐
𝟐
𝑧
−
1 1 𝛿 1
1 − 𝑥𝐴 = (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 ) (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 )
2 2 2
𝑧
1−
1 1 𝛿
1 − 𝑥𝐴 = (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 ) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟖)
2 2

Differentiating of Eq.(18.3-8) with respect to z:

1 1
𝐿𝑒𝑡: 𝑦 = (1 −
𝑥 ) → 𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑑𝑥
2 𝐴 2 𝐴
𝑧 1
𝑎𝑛𝑑: 𝑚 = 1 − → 𝑑𝑚 = − 𝑑𝑧
𝛿 𝛿
1
𝑎𝑛𝑑: 𝑐 = (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 )
2
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛: 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑚 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 (ln𝑐) 𝑑𝑚

1 1 1 𝑑𝑧
→ − 𝑑𝑥𝐴 = (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 ) (− )
2 2 2 𝛿

𝟏
𝒅𝒙𝑨 𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝟐 𝒙𝑨 ) 𝟏
→ = 𝐥𝐧 (𝟏 − 𝒙𝑨𝟎 )
𝒅𝒛 𝜹 𝟐

𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = − (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟐)
1
(1 − 2 𝑥𝐴 ) 𝑑𝑧

1
𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 2 (1 − 2 𝑥𝐴 ) 1
→ 𝑁𝐴𝑧 =− 1
ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 )
(1 − 2 𝑥𝐴 ) 𝛿 2

2 𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 1
→ 𝑁𝐴𝑧 = ln ( ) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟗)
𝛿 1
1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0

4
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

One point deserves to be highlighted. Although the chemical reaction occurs instantaneously
at the catalytic surface, the conversion of A to B proceeds at a finite rate because of the
diffusion process, which is "in series" with the reaction process. Hence we speak of the
conversion of A to B as being diffusion controlled. In the example above we have assumed
that the reaction occurs instantaneously at the catalytic surface.

Example 18.3-1: Diffusion with a slow heterogeneous reaction

Solution:

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=0 , 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟔)

𝑁𝐴𝑧
𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=𝛿 , 𝑥𝐴 = (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏)
𝑘1′′ 𝑐

𝑁𝐴𝑧 being a constant at steady state. Use same derivation as in section 𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 to get:

𝟏
𝟏− 𝒙 = 𝑲𝟏 𝒛 𝑲 𝟐
𝟐 𝑨

Where: 𝐾1 & 𝐾2 are determined from boundary conditions:

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=0 , 𝑥𝐴 = 𝑥𝐴0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟔)

𝑁𝐴𝑧
𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=𝛿 , 𝑥𝐴 = (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟕)
𝑘1′′ 𝑐

1 1
1− 𝑥 = 𝐾1 0 𝐾2 → 𝐾2 = 1 − 𝑥 … … … … . (1)
2 𝐴0 2 𝐴0
1 𝑁 1 𝑁
1 𝑁𝐴𝑧 1 − 2 ( ′′𝐴𝑧 ) 1 − 2 ( ′′𝐴𝑧 )
𝑘1 𝑐 𝑘1 𝑐
1 − ( ′′ ) = 𝐾1 𝛿 𝐾2 → 𝐾1 𝛿 = =
2 𝑘1 𝑐 𝐾2 1
1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0
1
−
1 𝛿
1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0
→ 𝐾1 = ( ) … … … … . (2)
1 𝑁𝐴𝑧
1 − 2 ( ′′ )
𝑘1 𝑐

Substituting 𝐾1 and 𝐾2 to get:

5
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝟏
𝟏− 𝒙 = 𝑲𝟏 𝒛 𝑲 𝟐
𝟐 𝑨
𝑧
−
1 𝛿
1 1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0 1
1 − 𝑥𝐴 = ( ) (1 − 𝑥 ) (𝟑)
2 1 𝑁
1 − 2 ( ′′𝐴𝑧 ) 2 𝐴0
𝑘1 𝑐
𝑧 𝑧
1−
1 1 𝑁𝐴𝑧 𝛿 1 𝛿
1 − 𝑥𝐴 = (1 − ( ′′ )) (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 ) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐)
2 2 𝑘1 𝑐 2

Differentiating of Eq.(3) with respect to z:

1 1
1 − 2 𝑥𝐴 − 2 𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝐿𝑒𝑡: 𝑦=( ) → 𝑑𝑦 =
1 1
1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0 1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0
𝑧 1
𝑎𝑛𝑑: 𝑚 = − → 𝑑𝑚 = − 𝑑𝑧
𝛿 𝛿
1
1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0
𝑎𝑛𝑑: 𝑐 = ( )
1 𝑁
1 − 2 ( ′′𝐴𝑧 )
𝑘1 𝑐
𝑚
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛: 𝑦 = 𝑐 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 (ln𝑐) 𝑑𝑚

1 1 1
− 2 𝑑𝑥𝐴 1 − 2 𝑥𝐴 1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0 1
1
= (
1
) ln (
1 𝑁
) (− 𝑑𝑧)
1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0 1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0 1 − 2 ( ′′𝐴𝑧 ) 𝛿
𝑘1 𝑐

1
𝑑𝑥𝐴 2 1 1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0
= ( ) (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) ln ( 1 𝑁 )
𝑑𝑧 𝛿 2 1 − 2 ( ′′𝐴𝑧 )
𝑘1 𝑐
𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑥𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = − (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟐)
1
(1 − 2 𝑥𝐴 ) 𝑑𝑧

1
𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 2 1 1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0
𝑁𝐴𝑧 =− 1
( ) (1 − 𝑥𝐴 ) ln (
1 𝑁
)
(1 − 2 𝑥𝐴 ) 𝛿 2 1 − 2 ( ′′𝐴𝑧 )
𝑘1 𝑐
1 𝑁
2 𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 1 − 2 ( ′′𝐴𝑧 )
𝑘1 𝑐
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = ln (
1
) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟑)
𝛿 1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0

𝑁𝐴𝑧
When 𝑘1′′ is large, the logarithm of (1 − ) may be expanded in a Taylor series and all terms
2 𝑘1′′ 𝑐
discarded but the first. We then get:

6
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑁𝐴𝑧 𝑵𝑨𝒛 𝒚
Let: y = ln (1 − ) → 𝟏− ′′ = 𝒆
2 𝑘1′′ 𝑐 𝟐 𝒌𝟏 𝒄

𝒚𝟐 𝒚 𝟑 𝒚𝒏
𝐛𝐲 𝐓𝐚𝐲𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬: 𝒆𝒚 = 𝟏 + 𝒚 + + + ……+
𝟐! 𝟑! 𝒏!

𝑁𝐴𝑧 𝑁𝐴𝑧 𝑁𝐴𝑧 𝑁𝐴𝑧

1− ′′ = 1 + ln (1 − ) → ln (1 − ′′ ) = 1 − +1
2 𝑘1 𝑐 2 𝑘1′′ 𝑐 2 𝑘1 𝑐 2 𝑘1′′ 𝑐

𝑵𝑨𝒛 𝑵𝑨𝒛
𝐥𝐧 (𝟏 − ′′ ) = − (𝟒)
𝟐 𝒌𝟏 𝒄 𝟐 𝒌′′
𝟏𝒄

From Eq.(18.3-13):

2 𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 1 𝑁𝐴𝑧 1
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = [ ln (1 − ( ′′ )) − ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 ) ] (𝟓)
𝛿 2 𝑘1 𝑐 2

Substituting Eq.(4) into Eq.(5) gives:

2 𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑁𝐴𝑧 1
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = [− ′′ − ln (1 − 𝑥 )]
𝛿 2 𝑘1 𝑐 2 𝐴0
𝐷𝐴𝐵 2 𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 1
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = − ′′ 𝑁𝐴𝑧 − ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 )
𝑘1 𝛿 𝛿 2

𝐷𝐴𝐵 2 𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 1
𝑁𝐴𝑧 (1 + ′′ ) = − ln (1 − 𝑥𝐴0 )
𝑘1 𝛿 𝛿 2

2 𝑐 𝐷𝐴𝐵 ⁄𝛿 1
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = ln ( ) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟒)
𝐷 1
(1 + ′′𝐴𝐵 ) 1 − 2 𝑥𝐴0
𝑘1 𝛿

7
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

18.4 Diffusion with a homogeneous chemical reaction

Here gas A dissolves in liquid B in a beaker and diffuses isothermally into the
liquid phase. As it diffuses, A also undergoes an irreversible first-order homogeneous
reaction: A+B → AB. An example of such a system is the absorption of CO2, by a
concentrated aqueous solution of NaOH. we consider the system as shown in Fig. 18.4-1.

We treat this as a binary solution of A and B, ignoring the small amount of AB that is
present. Then, the mass balance on species A over a thickness Δz of the liquid phase
becomes:

Input – Output – Consumption = Accumulation

(𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧 . 𝑆 − (𝑁𝐴𝑍 )𝑧+∆𝑧 . 𝑆 − 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 . 𝑆 𝛥𝑧 = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟏)

Where:
𝑘1′′′ ∶ is a first − order rate constant for the chemical decomposition of 𝑨.
𝑆 ∶ is the cross − sectional area of the liquid.
𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 : represents the moles of 𝑨 consumed by the reaction per unit volume per unit time.

Division of Eq. 18.4-1 by 𝑺 𝜟𝒛 and taking the limit as 𝜟𝒛 → 𝟎 gives:

(𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧 . 𝑆 − (𝑁𝐴𝑍 )𝑧+∆𝑧 . 𝑆 − 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 . 𝑆 𝛥𝑧 = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟏)

(𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧 − (𝑁𝐴𝑍 )𝑧+∆𝑧

− 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 = 0 Taking the limit ∆𝑧 → 0
∆𝑧
𝑑𝑁𝐴𝑧
+ 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟐)
𝑑𝑧

If the concentration of A is small (𝒙𝑨 ≈ 𝟎), then we may to a good approximation write
Eq. 18.0-1 as:

𝑑𝑐𝐴
𝑁𝐴𝑧 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟑)
𝑑𝑧

8
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

since the total molar concentration c is virtually uniform throughout the liquid. Combining
the last two equations gives:

𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴
𝐷𝐴𝐵 − 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟒)
𝑑𝑧 2
This is to be solved with the following boundary conditions:

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=0 , 𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝐴0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟓)

𝑑𝑐𝐴
𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=𝐿 , 𝑁𝐴𝑧 = 0 (𝑜𝑟, = 0) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟔)
𝑑𝑧
𝐿2
Multiplying of 𝐄𝐪. 𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟒 by ( ) gives:
𝑐𝐴0 𝐷𝐴𝐵

𝐿2 𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴 𝐿2
( )𝐷 − ( ) 𝑘 ′′′ 𝑐 = 0
𝑐𝐴0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑧 2 𝑐𝐴0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 1 𝐴
𝐿2 𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴 𝑘1′′′ 𝐿2 𝑐𝐴
2
−( ) ( )=0
𝑐𝐴0 𝑑𝑧 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝐴0

𝑐𝐴
Let: Γ = ∶ is a dimensionless concentration.
𝑐𝐴0
𝑧
ζ= ∶ is a dimensionless length.
𝐿

𝑘1′′′ 𝐿2
∅=√ ∶ is a dimensionless group, known as the 𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒖𝒔.
𝐷𝐴𝐵

∗ This group (∅) represents the relative influence of the chemical reaction (𝑘1′′ 𝑐𝐴0 ) and
𝑐𝐴0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
diffusion ( ).
𝐿2

𝑑2Γ
2 − ∅𝟐 Γ = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟕)
𝑑ζ

Eq. 18.4-7 is a linear homogenous differential second order equation.

Eq. 18.4-7 is to be solved with the dimensionless boundary conditions that:

B.C.1: at ζ=0 , Γ=1

𝒅𝜞
B.C.2: at ζ=1 , =0
𝒅𝜻

9
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

The general solution of Eq.(18.4-7) is:

𝑑2Γ
2 − ∅𝟐 Γ = 0 → (𝐷2 − ∅𝟐 ) Γ = 0 → 𝑚 2 − ∅𝟐 = 0 → 𝑚 = ± ∅
𝑑ζ

𝜞 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 ∅𝜻 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 ∅𝜻 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟖)

Applying the boundary conditions:

1 = 𝐶1 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(0) + 𝐶2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ(0)
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅
𝐶1 = 1 = … … … … (1)
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅
𝑑𝛤
= 𝐶1 ∅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅𝜁 + 𝐶2 ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅𝜁
𝑑𝜁
− 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅
0 = 𝐶1 ∅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅ + 𝐶2 ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅ → 𝐶2 = … … … … (2)
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅

Substituting the 𝑪𝟏 and 𝑪𝟐 into the general solution:

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅
𝛤= 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅𝜁 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅𝜁
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅𝜁 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅𝜁

→ 𝛤=
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅
Where:
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝒙) 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝒚) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉(𝒙) 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉(𝒚) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝒙 − 𝒚)

Then:
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 ∅ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 ∅𝜻 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 ∅ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 ∅𝜻 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 [∅(𝟏 − 𝜻)]
𝜞= = (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟗)
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 ∅ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 ∅

Substituting the values of 𝛤 , ∅ and 𝜁 into the Eq.(18.4-9) gives:

𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ [√𝑘1′′′ 𝐿2 ⁄𝐷𝐴𝐵 (1 − (𝑧⁄𝐿))]

= (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎)
𝑐𝐴0 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ √𝑘1′′′ 𝐿2 ⁄𝐷𝐴𝐵
Once we have the complete concentration profile, we may evaluate other quantities, such as
the average concentration in the liquid phase:

𝐿 𝑐
𝑐𝐴,𝑎𝑣𝑔 ∫0 (𝑐 𝐴 ) 𝑑𝑧
𝐴0
= 𝐿
𝑐𝐴0 ∫0 𝑑𝑧

10
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑧
cosh ∅ (1 − )
𝐿
∫0 ( 𝐿 ) 𝑑𝑧
𝐿 𝑐 cosh ∅
𝑐𝐴,𝑎𝑣𝑔 ∫0 (𝑐 𝐴 ) 𝑑𝑧
𝐴0
= 𝐿 = 𝐿
𝑐𝐴0 ∫0 𝑑𝑧 ∫0 𝑑𝑧

𝑧 𝑑𝑧
Let: 1 − =𝛿 → − = 𝑑𝛿
𝐿 𝐿
𝑎𝑡 𝑧=𝐿 → 𝛿=0
𝑎𝑡 𝑧=0 → 𝛿=1

1 cosh ∅𝛿 1
𝑐𝐴,𝑎𝑣𝑔 ∫0 ( cosh ∅ ) (−𝐿 𝑑𝛿) cosh ∅𝛿
= 1 = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝛿
𝑐𝐴0 ∫0 −𝐿 𝑑𝛿 cosh ∅
0
1
𝑐𝐴,𝑎𝑣𝑔 1 1
= ∫ (cosh ∅𝛿) ∅ 𝑑𝛿 = [sinh(∅𝛿)]10
𝑐𝐴0 ∅ cosh ∅ ∅ cosh ∅
0

𝑐𝐴,𝑎𝑣𝑔 1 sinh(∅) 1
= = tanh(∅) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟏)
𝑐𝐴0 ∅ cosh(∅) ∅

Also, the molar flux at the plane 𝒛 = 𝟎 can be found to be:

𝑑𝑐𝐴
(𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧=0 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵 ( )
𝑑𝑧 𝑧=0
Where:
𝑧
𝑐𝐴 cosh ∅ (1 − )
= 𝐿
𝑐𝐴0 cosh ∅

𝑑𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝐴0 𝑧 ∅
→ = (sinh ∅ (1 − )) (− )
𝑑𝑧 cosh ∅ 𝐿 𝐿
𝑑𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝐴0 ∅
→ ( ) = (sinh ∅) (− )
𝑑𝑧 𝑧=0 cosh ∅ 𝐿
𝑐𝐴0 ∅
∴ (𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧=0 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵 (sinh ∅) (− )
cosh ∅ 𝐿
∅ 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝐴0 sinh ∅
(𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧=0 =
𝐿 cosh ∅

𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝐴0
(𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧=0 = ( ) ∅ tanh ∅ (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐)
𝐿

11
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

But we will use another simple method to solve Eq. 18.4-4:

𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴
𝐷𝐴𝐵 2
− 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 = 0 ÷ 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑑𝑧
𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴 𝑘1′′′
− 𝑐 =0
𝑑𝑧 2 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐴

𝑘1′′′
Let: α =
𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴
− α 𝑐𝐴 = 0 → (𝐷2 − α) 𝑐𝐴 = 0 → 𝑚 2 − α = 0 → 𝑚 = ±√𝛂
𝑑𝑧 2
→ 𝒄𝑨 = 𝑲𝟏 𝒆−√𝛂 𝒛 + 𝑲𝟐 𝒆√𝛂 𝒛

Applying the boundary conditions:

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=0 , 𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝐴0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟓)

𝑑𝑐𝐴
𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=𝐿 , 𝑁𝐴𝑧 = 0 (𝑜𝑟, = 0) (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟔)
𝑑𝑧

𝑐𝐴0 = 𝐾1 𝑒 −√𝛼 0 + 𝐾2 𝑒 √𝛼 0
→ 𝒄𝑨𝟎 = 𝑲𝟏 + 𝑲𝟐 … … … … (1)

𝑑𝑐𝐴
= −√𝛼 𝐾1 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝑧 + √𝛼 𝐾2 𝑒 √𝛼 𝑧
𝑑𝑧
0 = −√𝛼 𝐾1 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝐿 + √𝛼 𝐾2 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 … … … … (2)

Multiplying Eq. (1) by (√𝛼 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 ):

√𝛼 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 𝑐𝐴0 = √𝛼 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿
𝐾1 + √𝛼 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 𝐾2 … … … … (3)

Subtracting Eq.(2) from Eq.(3) gives:

√𝛼 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 𝑐𝐴0 = √𝛼 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿
𝐾1 + √𝛼 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 𝐾2 … … … … (3)

0 = +√𝛼 𝐾1 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝐿 − √𝛼 𝐾2 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿
… … … … (2)

√𝛼 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 𝑐𝐴0 = √𝛼 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿
𝐾1 + √𝛼 𝐾1 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝐿

𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿
𝑐𝐴0 = 𝐾1 (𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿
+ 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝐿 )

𝒄𝑨𝟎 𝒆√𝜶 𝑳
→ 𝑲𝟏 = … … … … (4)
𝒆√ 𝜶 𝑳 + 𝒆− √ 𝜶 𝑳

From Eq.(1) we get:

𝑲𝟐 = 𝒄𝑨𝟎 − 𝑲𝟏 … … … … (5)

12
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Substituting Eq.(4) into Eq.(5) gives:

𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿
𝑐𝐴0 (𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿
+ 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝐿 ) − 𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿
𝐾2 = 𝑐𝐴0 − =
𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 + 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝐿 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 + 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝐿

𝒄𝑨𝟎 𝒆−√𝜶 𝑳
𝑲𝟐 = … … … … (6)
𝒆√ 𝜶 𝑳 + 𝒆− √ 𝜶 𝑳

Substituting the 𝑲𝟏 and 𝑲𝟐 into the equation below:

𝒄𝑨 = 𝑲𝟏 𝒆−√𝛂 𝒛 + 𝑲𝟐 𝒆√𝛂 𝒛

𝑐𝐴0 𝑒√𝛼 𝐿
𝑐𝐴0 𝑒−√𝛼 𝐿
𝑐𝐴 = ( ) 𝑒 −√α 𝑧 +( ) 𝑒 √α 𝑧
𝑒√𝛼 𝐿 + 𝑒−√𝛼 𝐿 𝑒√𝛼 𝐿 + 𝑒−√𝛼 𝐿

𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿
𝑒−√α 𝑧 + 𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝐿 𝑒√α 𝑧
→ 𝑐𝐴 =
𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 + 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝐿

(𝐿−𝑧)
𝑐𝐴 𝑒 √𝛼 + 𝑒 −√𝛼 (𝐿−𝑧) 2
→ = ×
𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 √𝛼 𝐿 + 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝐿 2

𝑧
𝑐𝐴 cosh √𝛼 𝐿 (1 − )
→ = 𝐿 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎)
𝑐𝐴0 cosh √𝛼 𝐿

𝑘1′′′ 𝑘1′′′ 𝐿2
where: √𝛼 𝐿 = √ 𝐿= √ =∅
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐵

13
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Example 18.4-1: Gas absorption with chemical reaction in an agitated tank

Solution:

An exact analysis of this situation is not possible because of the complexity of the gas-
absorption process. However, a useful semiquantitative understanding can be obtained by the
analysis of a relatively simple model. The model we use involves the following assumptions:

a. Each gas bubble is surrounded by a stagnant liquid film of thickness 𝜹, which is small
relative to the bubble diameter.
b. A quasi-steady concentration profile is quickly established in the liquid film after the
bubble is formed.
c. The gas A is only sparingly soluble in the liquid, so that we can neglect the convection
term in Eq. 18.0-1.
d. The liquid outside the stagnant film is at a concentration 𝒄𝑨𝜹 which changes so slowly
with respect to time that it can be considered constant.

The differential equation describing the diffusion with chemical reaction is the same that in
Eq. 18.4-4, but the boundary conditions are different:

𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴
𝐷𝐴𝐵 − 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟒)
𝑑𝑧 2

This is to be solved with the following boundary conditions:

14
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=0 , 𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝐴0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟑)

𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=𝛿 , 𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝐴𝛿 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟒)

𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴
𝐷𝐴𝐵 2
− 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 = 0 ÷ 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑑𝑧
𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴 𝑘1′′′
− 𝑐 =0
𝑑𝑧 2 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐴

𝑐𝐴
Let: Ψ =
𝑐𝐴0
𝑧
ζ=
𝛿

𝑘1′′′ 𝛿 2
∅=√
𝐷𝐴𝐵

𝑑2Ψ
2 − ∅𝟐 Ψ = 0 → (𝐷2 − ∅𝟐 ) Ψ = 0 → 𝑚 2 − ∅𝟐 = 0 → 𝑚 = ± ∅
𝑑ζ

The general solution of Eq.(18.4-4) is:

𝚿 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉 ∅𝜻 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉 ∅𝜻 … … … . . (𝟏)

The general equation , Eq.(1), is to be solved with the dimensionless boundary conditions
that:

B.C.1: at ζ=0 , Ψ=1

𝑐
B.C.2: at ζ=1 , Ψ = 𝑐𝐴𝛿 = 𝐵
𝐴0

Applying the boundary conditions:

1 = 𝐶1 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(0) + 𝐶2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ(0)
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅
𝐶1 = 1 = … … … … (2)
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅

𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅
𝐵 = 𝐶1 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅ + 𝐶2 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅ → 𝐶2 = … … … … (3)
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅

Substituting the 𝑪𝟏 and 𝑪𝟐 into the general solution , Eq.(1), gives:

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅ 𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅
Ψ=( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅𝜁 + ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅𝜁
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅

15
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅𝜁 + (𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅) 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅𝜁

→ Ψ=
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅
𝑐𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅𝜁 + (𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ∅) 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅𝜁
→ = (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟓)
𝑐𝐴0 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ∅

The result of Eq.(18.4-15) is plotted in Fig. 18.4-3:

Next we use assumption (d) above and equate the amount of A entering the main body of
liquid at 𝒛 = 𝜹 over the total bubble surface 𝑺 in the tank to the amount of A consumed
in the bulk of the liquid by chemical reaction:

𝑑𝑐𝐴
−𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 ( ) = 𝑉 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴𝛿 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔)
𝑑𝑧 𝑧=𝛿

Substitution of 𝒄𝑨 from Eq. 18.4-15 into Eq. 18.4-16 gives an expression for B:

16
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

Example 17.4-1: in the first edition ( same example of 18.4-1) but solved by different method:

𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴
𝐷𝐴𝐵 2
− 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 = 0 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 − 𝟒)
𝑑𝑧

This is to be solved with the following boundary conditions:

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=0 , 𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝐴0 (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎)

𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=𝛿 , 𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝐴𝛿 (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟏)

17
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴
𝐷𝐴𝐵 2
− 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴 = 0 ÷ 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑑𝑧
𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴 𝑘1′′′
− 𝑐 =0
𝑑𝑧 2 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐴

𝑘1′′′
Let: α =
𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴
− α 𝑐𝐴 = 0 → (𝐷2 − α) 𝑐𝐴 = 0 → 𝑚2 − α = 0 → 𝑚 = ± α
𝑑𝑧 2
→ 𝒄𝑨 = 𝑲𝟏 𝒆√𝛂 𝒛 + 𝑲𝟐 𝒆−√𝛂 𝒛

Applying the boundary conditions:

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=0 , 𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝐴0 (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎)

𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=𝛿 , 𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝐴𝛿 (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟏)

𝑐𝐴0 = 𝐾1 𝑒 √𝛼 0
+ 𝐾2 𝑒 −√𝛼 0
→ 𝑲𝟏 = 𝒄𝑨𝟎 − 𝑲𝟐 … … … … (1)

𝑐𝐴𝛿 = 𝐾1 𝑒 √α 𝛿
+ 𝐾2 𝑒 −√α 𝛿
… … … … (2)

Substituting Eq. (1) into Eq. (2) gives:

𝑐𝐴𝛿 = (𝑐𝐴0 − 𝐾2 ) 𝑒 √α 𝛿
+ 𝐾2 𝑒 − √α 𝛿

𝑐𝐴𝛿 = 𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 √α 𝛿
− 𝐾2 (𝑒 √α 𝛿
− 𝑒 − √α 𝛿 )

𝒄𝑨𝟎 𝒆√𝜶 𝜹 − 𝒄𝑨𝜹

→ 𝑲𝟐 = … … … … (3)
𝒆√𝜶 𝜹 − 𝒆− √𝜶 𝜹

Substituting Eq.(3) into Eq.(1) gives:

𝒄𝑨𝟎 𝒆√𝜶 𝜹 − 𝒄𝑨𝜹

𝑲𝟏 = 𝒄𝑨𝟎 −
𝒆√ 𝜶 𝜹 − 𝒆− √ 𝜶 𝜹

𝒄𝑨𝜹 − 𝒄𝑨𝟎 𝒆− √𝜶 𝜹
𝑲𝟏 = … … … … (4)
𝒆√𝜶 𝜹 − 𝒆− √𝜶 𝜹

Substituting the 𝑲𝟏 and 𝑲𝟐 into the equation below:

𝒄𝑨 = 𝑲𝟏 𝒆√𝛂 𝒛 + 𝑲𝟐 𝒆− √𝛂 𝒛

𝑐𝐴𝛿 − 𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 − √𝛼 𝛿 𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 √𝛼 𝛿 − 𝑐𝐴𝛿

𝑐𝐴 = ( ) 𝑒 √α 𝑧 + ( ) 𝑒 − √α 𝑧
𝑒 √𝛼 𝛿 − 𝑒 − √𝛼 𝛿 𝑒 √𝛼 𝛿 − 𝑒 − √𝛼 𝛿

𝑐𝐴𝛿 𝑒 √α 𝑧 − 𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 − √𝛼 𝛿 𝑒 √α 𝑧 + 𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 √𝛼 𝛿 𝑒 − √α 𝑧 − 𝑐𝐴𝛿 𝑒 − √α 𝑧

→ 𝑐𝐴 =
𝑒 √𝛼 𝛿 − 𝑒 − √𝛼 𝛿

18
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑐𝐴 1 (𝛿−𝑧) 2
→ = [𝛤(𝑒 √α 𝑧 − 𝑒 − √𝛼 𝑧 ) + (𝑒 √α − 𝑒 − √𝛼 (𝛿−𝑧) )] ×
𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 √𝛼 𝛿 − 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝛿 2

𝑐𝐴𝛿
Where: 𝛤 =
𝑐𝐴0

(𝛿−𝑧)
𝑐𝐴 2 𝛤(𝑒 √α 𝑧 − 𝑒 − √𝛼 𝑧 ) (𝑒 √α − 𝑒 − √𝛼 (𝛿−𝑧) )
→ = [ + ]
𝑐𝐴0 𝑒 √𝛼 𝛿 − 𝑒 −√𝛼 𝛿 2 2

𝑐𝐴 [𝛤 sinh √𝛼 𝑧 + sinh √𝛼 (𝛿 − 𝑧)]

→ = … … … … (5)
𝑐𝐴0 sinh √𝛼 𝛿

𝑘1′′ 𝑘1′′ 𝛿 2
where: √𝛼 𝛿 = √ 𝛿= √ = 𝑏1
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐵

𝑧
ζ=
𝛿
𝑧
𝑏1 ζ = √𝛼 𝛿 = √𝛼 𝑧
𝜹

𝑏1 (1 – ζ ) = √𝛼 𝛿 (1 − 𝛿𝑧 ) = √𝛼 (𝛿 − 𝑧 )

Then Eq.(5) becomes:

𝑐𝐴 [𝛤 sinh(𝑏1 𝜁) + sinh 𝑏1 (1 – 𝜁 )]
→ = (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐)
𝑐𝐴0 sinh 𝑏1

Where:
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉(𝒙 ) 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝒚) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉(𝒙) 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉(𝒚) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉(𝒙 − 𝒚)

In the absence of chemical reaction:

𝑘1′′′ = 0 → √𝛼 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏1 = 0

From Eq.(18.4-4) :

𝑑 2 𝑐𝐴
=0
𝑑𝑧 2
By first integration:

𝑑𝑐𝐴
= 𝐾1
𝑑𝑧

19
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

By second integration:

𝑐𝐴 = 𝐾1 𝑧 + 𝐾2 … … … . (6)

Applying the boundary conditions:

𝐵. 𝐶. 1: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=0 , 𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝐴0 (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎)

𝐵. 𝐶. 2: 𝑎𝑡 𝑧=𝛿 , 𝑐𝐴 = 𝑐𝐴𝛿 (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟏)

𝑐𝐴0 = 𝐾1 (0) + 𝐾2 → 𝑲𝟐 = 𝒄𝑨𝟎

−𝒄𝑨𝟎 + 𝒄𝑨𝜹
𝑐𝐴𝛿 = 𝐾1 𝛿 + 𝐾2 → 𝑲𝟏 =
𝜹

Substituting the 𝑲𝟏 and 𝑲𝟐 into Eq.(6) gives:

− 𝑐𝐴0 + 𝑐𝐴𝛿 𝑐𝐴 𝑧 𝑐𝐴𝛿 𝑧

𝑐𝐴 = ( ) 𝑧 + 𝑐𝐴0 → =− + +1
𝛿 𝑐𝐴0 𝛿 𝑐𝐴0 𝛿
𝑐𝐴
→ ( ) = 𝛤 𝜁 + (1 − 𝜁) (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟑)
𝑐𝐴0 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

From Eq. (5):

𝑐𝐴0
𝑐𝐴 = [𝛤 sinh √𝛼 𝑧 + sinh √𝛼 (𝛿 − 𝑧)]
sinh 𝑏1

𝑑𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝐴0
= [√𝛼 𝛤 cosh √𝛼 𝑧 − √𝛼 cosh √𝛼 (𝛿 − 𝑧)]
𝑑𝑧 sinh 𝑏1

𝑑𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝐴0
( ) = [√𝛼 𝛤 − √𝛼 cosh(√𝛼 𝛿)] … … … … … . (7)
𝑑𝑧 𝑧=0 sinh 𝑏1

𝑑𝑐𝐴
(𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧=0 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵 ( )
𝑑𝑧 𝑧=0

𝛤 − cosh(√𝛼 𝛿)
→ (𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧=0 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝐴0 √𝛼 [ ]
sinh 𝑏1

𝑏1
√𝛼 𝛿 = 𝑏1 → √𝛼 =
𝛿
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝐴0 𝑏1 cosh(𝑏1 ) − 𝛤 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝐴0 𝑏1 cosh(𝑏1 ) − 𝑏1 𝛤
(𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧=0 = [ ]= [ ] . . (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟒)
𝛿 sinh 𝑏1 𝛿 sinh 𝑏1

If there is no reaction, Eq. (17.4-13):

𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝐴𝛿 𝑧 𝑧 𝑐𝐴 𝑧 𝑧
= +1− → =𝛤 +1−
𝑐𝐴0 𝑐𝐴0 𝛿 𝛿 𝑐𝐴0 𝛿 𝛿
20
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑑𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝐴0 𝛤 𝑐𝐴0

→ = −
𝑑𝑧 𝛿 𝛿

𝑑𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝐴0 𝛤 𝑐𝐴0

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛: 𝑁𝐴𝑧 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵 → 𝑁𝐴𝑧 = −𝐷𝐴𝐵 ( − )
𝑑𝑧 𝛿 𝛿
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝐴0
→ 𝑁𝐴𝑧 = (1 − 𝛤) (𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟓)
𝛿

(absorption rate with first − order reaction)

Enhancement factor(𝑁 ∗ ) =
(absorption rate with no reaction and with 𝑐𝐴𝛿 = 0)

𝐄𝐪. (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟒)

𝑁∗ =
𝐄𝐪. (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟓)

𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝐴0 𝑏1 cosh(𝑏1 ) − 𝑏1 𝛤

[ ] 𝑏1 [ cosh(𝑏1 ) − 𝛤]
∗ 𝛿 sinh 𝑏1
𝑁 = =
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝐴0 sinh 𝑏1 (1 − 𝛤)
(1 − 𝛤)
𝛿

𝑐𝐴𝛿
Where: (1 − 𝛤) = 1 − = 1−0= 1
𝑐𝐴0

𝑏1
𝑁∗ = ( cosh(𝑏1 ) − 𝛤) (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔)
sinh(𝑏1 )

By assuming that the flux of A cross the film is equal to amount of A removed by chemical
reaction:

−𝑆 (𝑁𝐴𝑧 )𝑧=𝛿 = 𝑉 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴𝛿

𝑑𝑐𝐴
−𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 ( ) = 𝑉 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴𝛿 (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟕)
𝑑𝑧 𝑧=𝛿

Where:
𝑆 ∶ is the total bubble surface area.
𝑉 ∶ is the volume of the main body.

From Eq. (5):

𝑐𝐴0
𝑐𝐴 = [𝛤 sinh √𝛼 𝑧 + sinh √𝛼 (𝛿 − 𝑧)]
sinh 𝑏1

𝑑𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝐴0
= [√𝛼 𝛤 cosh √𝛼 𝑧 − √𝛼 cosh √𝛼 (𝛿 − 𝑧)]
𝑑𝑧 sinh 𝑏1

21
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑑𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝐴0 √𝛼
( ) = [ 𝛤 cosh(√𝛼 𝛿) − 1]
𝑑𝑧 𝑧=𝛿 sinh 𝑏1

𝑐𝐴0 √𝛼
−𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 [ 𝛤 cosh(√𝛼 𝛿) − 1] = 𝑉 𝑘1′′′ 𝑐𝐴𝛿 … … … . . . . (8)
sinh 𝑏1

From Eq. (5) at 𝑧 = 𝛿 we can get 𝑐𝐴𝛿 as below:

𝑐𝐴0
𝑐𝐴𝛿 = [𝛤 sinh(√𝛼 𝛿)]
sinh 𝑏1

Substituting the value of 𝑐𝐴𝛿 into Eq. (8) gives:

𝑐𝐴0 √𝛼 𝑐𝐴0
−𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 [ 𝛤 cosh(√𝛼 𝛿) − 1] = 𝑉 𝑘1′′′ [𝛤 sinh(√𝛼 𝛿)]
sinh 𝑏1 sinh 𝑏1

Where:
𝑏1
√𝛼 𝛿 = 𝑏1 → √𝛼 =
𝛿

𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 √𝛼 − 𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 √𝛼 𝛤 cosh(√𝛼 𝛿) = 𝑉 𝑘′′′

1 𝛤 sinh(√𝛼 𝛿)

𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 √𝛼 = 𝑉 𝑘1′′′ 𝛤 sinh(√𝛼 𝛿) + 𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 √𝛼 𝛤 cosh(√𝛼 𝛿)

𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 √𝛼
𝛤= ÷ 𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 √𝛼
𝑉 𝑘1′′′ sinh(√𝛼 𝛿) + 𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 √𝛼 cosh(√𝛼 𝛿)

1
𝛤=
𝑉 𝑘1′′′
cosh(√𝛼 𝛿) + ( ) sinh(√𝛼 𝛿)
𝑆 𝐷𝐴𝐵 √𝛼

Where:
𝑘1′′′ 𝑏1 𝑘1′′′ 𝑏1
√𝛼 𝛿 = 𝑏1 → √𝛼 = √ = → = √𝛼 . √𝛼 = √𝛼
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝛿 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝛿

1
𝛤=
𝑏 1 𝑉
cosh(𝑏1 ) + (√𝛼 . 1 ) sinh(𝑏1 )
𝛿 √𝛼 𝑆

1
→ 𝛤= (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟖)
𝑉
cosh(𝑏1 ) + (𝑏1 ) sinh(𝑏1 )
√𝛼 𝑆

Substituting Eq.(17.4-18) into eq.(17.4-16) gives:

22
Advanced Mass Transfer Master Course Prof. Dr. Ahmed Daham

𝑏1 1
𝑁∗ = ( cosh(𝑏1) − ) (𝟏𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟗)
sinh(𝑏1 ) 𝑉
)
cosh(𝑏1 + (𝑏1 ) sinh(𝑏1 )
√𝛼 𝑆

23