-SCRIPT PROPER-

INTRO
SKIT 1 (A)

MA'AM CHARO SANTOS (Shannon)

Magandang umaga, mga Kapamilya.

Ngayong gabi, ang MMK ay naghahatid ng nakakatakot na kwento ng takot at maling

impormasyon, isang kuwentong nagpapaalala sa atin ng kahalagahan ng pananatiling
mapagbantay at may kaalaman sa harap ng kawalan ng katiyakan.

Sa Rehiyon ng Gitnang Kabisayaan, isang maling alingawngaw tungkol sa isang nakamamatay

na sakit na kumakalat na parang apoy, na nagdudulot ng gulat at kaguluhan sa mga pasyente at
mga medikal na propesyonal. Ang bulung-bulungan na ito, na pinalakas ng takot at kakulangan
ng tumpak na impormasyon, ay nagbabanta na masira ang komunidad.

Tonight’s MMK episode ay masa-saksihan natin paano nila ito maayos at ma control.

Join us as we unravel this tale of fear, misinformation, and the resilience of the human spirit.
This is Maalaala Mo Kaya.
‘
SKIT 2 (A)

H worker 1 (Karisa): Huy dae, kibaw ba ka nga among silingan ba si Marites, gitawag jud ko
gahapon while padulong ko uli ug nangutana ngano daw daghan bata gipang-hilantan ug naay
rashes sa amo dapit.

H worker 2 (Kaye): OMG dae sa amo sad, giharangan ko ni Telma gahapon padulong ko uli
sad, nangutana unsay chika diri sa barangay health center ug kibaw ba daw ta nga daghan bata ug
dagko gipang hilantan ug naay rashes, unya ang mas grabe pa dae kay ana siya dili ra daw diri sa
ato dapit. Kay naa siyay igsuon taga Dumaguete ug igagaw taga Bohol nga niana daghan sad
daw cases ingon ato sa ila.
H worker 1 (Karisa): Dae naunsa naman ta ani? Unsa mana panghitaboa
H worker 2 (Kaye): Niana pajud to si Telma nako gahapon dae, daghan daw mangari ron diri
kay ipacheck ilang mga anak if naunsa na.

the hworkers kay naa sa table nagtabi, and while they are talking, a group of mothers and their
children are gathered outside the barangay health center. They are all concerned about an
outbreak of rashes that has been going on in their community.
SKIT 3 (A)
MOTHER 1(Dinah) (To her child): I'm so sorry, honey. I don't know what's causing this
rash.

CHILD 1(Daniela) (Scratching his arm): It's itchy, Mama.

MOTHER 2 (Mary) (Holding her child's hand) My little one has it too. It's all over her
body.

CHILD 2 (Sab) (Crying) It hurts, Mommy.

FATHER 1 (Darryl) (Walking up to the group): I've heard that there are a lot of kids with
this rash going around.

MOTHER 1 (Dinah): That's why we're all here. We're going to see the barangay health
officer and get some answers.

The group of mothers and children enter the barangay health center.

*2 hcare workers kay nashookt*

Mother 1 (Dinah): Good afternoon, miss, we’re here to raise a concern regarding this
situation wherein there are many children in our community getting rashes and at the
same time some of them also have fever and cough. Who is your barangay health
officer in-charge here?

H worker 1(Karisa): Hala patay ga english, unsaon mani (low voice)

H worker 2 (Kaye): Dae nangita siya sa atong barangay health officer

*h worker 1 calls her*

*barangay health officer (Dave) arrives in front of the parents*

Barangay Health Officer: Good afternoon, ma’am and sir! I’m Dave, the barangay
health officer here. Yes, ma’am it has come to our attention na regarding the situation
that’s been going around kay since this morning I’ve been receiving calls sad reporting
the same situation. And I have forwarded all your concerns to our city health doctor and
right now ma’am they are still investigating this. So, right now ma’am we don’t have a
clear news pa on what’s going on but rest assured ma’am they are all working hard to
address the issue.

FATHER 1 (Darryl): Ahh okay, is that so? But right now, is there anything we can do to
prevent the rash from spreading?

BARANGAY HEALTH OFFICER (Dave): Yes sir, we can still do some simple
interventions to address your current dilemmas and the best way to prevent the rash
from spreading is to practice good hygiene. Wash your hands frequently, and make sure
your children wash their hands after using the bathroom and before eating.

MOTHER 1 (Dinah):Thank you for the information, please make sure to inform us and
others if there’s an update regarding this issue.

*TV plays with emergency news*

SKIT 4 (A | PRE-RECORDED)

**[NEWS ANCHOR]**
(Toni)

"Good evening, everyone. We're here to inform you about a recent increase in measles cases,
particularly among children. This concerning development has prompted health officials to issue
an urgent call to action for parents to ensure their children are adequately vaccinated against
measles.

Measles is a highly contagious and potentially serious viral infection that can lead to severe
complications, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death. It is spread through airborne
droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

The recent spike in measles cases is particularly alarming. We urge all parents to check their
children's vaccination records and ensure they are up to date on all recommended immunizations,
including the MMR vaccine. If your child is not vaccinated or has not received the full
recommended number of doses, please contact your healthcare provider immediately to schedule
an appointment.

Remember, prevention is always better than cure. Practicing good personal hygiene is crucial in
preventing the spread of measles. This includes:

● Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing.
● Washing your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
● Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.
● If you believe you or your child may have measles, it is important to seek medical
attention immediately.

Symptoms of measles typically include:

● High fever (over 40 degree celsius)
● Cough
● Runny nose
● Red, watery eyes
● Small white spots with bluish-white centers inside the mouth (Koplik's spots)
● A red, flat rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body

If you are experiencing symptoms, please isolate yourself from others and contact your
healthcare provider for guidance. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for preventing
serious complications.
Together, we can prevent the spread of measles and protect the health of our communities. Thank
you for your attention."
SKIT 6&7 (A)

[CONFERENCE ROOM SETTING]

REPORTER 1 (Jallene)
(Looking at his watch, and tapping her foot) I hope she shows up soon. We've been
waiting for hours.

REPORTER 3 (Hermeleen)
(Nodding) Exactly. People are scared, and they're looking for information, any
information, from us.

*Reporters being noisy* (5-10 seconds)

[Just then, the door to the conference room opens and the SPOKESPERSON
enters, flanked by two BODYGUARDS.]

SPOKESPERSON (Christine)
(Clearing her throat) Good morning, everyone!

REPORTER 4 (Alexandria)
(Cutting to the chase) Madam spokesperson, I’m sure you’re aware of why we’re here.
There’s been a lot of talk about the disease outbreak, most being rumors, to set things
straight please give us and the public all the facts.

SPOKESPERSON (Christine)
I'm afraid I can't release that information at this time.I understand your frustration, but I
must insist that we follow the proper protocol, just let the public know that they shouldn’t
panic. That will be all for today.
SKIT 8 (A) & SKIT 1 (B)
BODYGUARD 1 and BODYGUARD 2
(stand on either side of the conference room door, looking smart in their suits and
glasses. As They open the door when the guests arrive.)

*Reporters and audience being noisy* (5-10 seconds)

(The guests step into the room, and the bodyguards nod in acknowledgment. Later then
proceeds to seat at their seats)

Audience: Naa na!!

Reporter 1: what can u say about the measle outbreak?

Reporter 2: is there a cure?

Reporter 3: makatakod ba sha?

B. CONFERENCE PROPER

(for skit numbers, refer to conference proper in flow doc)

SKIT 2&3 (B) Introduction of Speakers

HOST (FLANCO)

Silence. Please settle down as we are about to begin. For the benefit of all and for our
discussion to have a proper flow, unruly behavior will be escorted out of the room. An
open forum will be held after the discussion. Lastly, please refrain from asking questions
while the press conference is ongoing.

(Audiences silence)

We are all here because of the ongoing cases of measles that affected a lot of children
and even adults. For those who don’t know, Measles or rubella is caused by a virus that
primarily targets the respiratory system. Its characteristic is usually severe symptoms
that could potentially pose a life threatening risk, it is not something to be taken easy on.
The infection manifests with small white spots called Koplik spots that appear in the
mouth within the 2nd to 3rd day of onset. 3 to 5 days in, a distinct red rash emerges and
spreads across the body. German measles on the other hand, which is known as
rubella, is also caused by a virus but it does not target the respiratory system. It targets
the lymph nodes, eyes, and skin. German measles, unlike your standard measles, is
milder. However, it is still necessary to be cautious especially to those who are pregnant
because of its potential complications. The rash in rubella is pink that initially appears
on the face before gradually moving to other parts of the body, lasting 3 to 5 days. The
similarities between the two infections is that they are both airborne and highly
contagious.

*As speakers talk, camera flashes but no sound from the audience*

And now our speakers for today. Local Chief Executive – LGU, Precious Jewel Cinco

LGU REPRESENTATIVE
Good morning, everyone, and thank you for attending this important meeting to discuss
the current health situation in our community.

Host: Region 7 Governor, Russ Phillip Cimafranca

GOVERNOR
I am pleased to see such a strong representation of our various stakeholders here
today. This is a complex issue, and it will require a coordinated effort from all of us to
address it effectively.

Host: Department of Health Secretary, Dr. Jeronne Clare Sabornido

DOH SECRETARY
We will be doing everything for the wellness of our community. This won’t be an easy
job. But I assure you, there will be a solution in this situation.

Host: City Health Officer, Camila Kim Lopez

CITY HEALTH OFFICER

As you know, we have been closely monitoring the outbreak of this disease in our
community. We have taken a number of steps to contain the outbreak, and we are
working hard to provide the best possible care to those who have been affected.

Host: James Uy from Merck & Co., Inc. M-M-R II®

Merck & Co., Inc. M-M-R II®

The business community is committed to supporting the efforts of our government and
health officials to address this outbreak. As one of the major vaccine producers in the
world, we are here to shed light on your queries and ensure that vaccines are the safest
of all medications.
Host: former Vice President of the Philippines and current Chairperson of Angat Buhay
Foundation, Atty. Leni Robredo

LENI
We are confident that by working together, we can overcome this challenge and protect
the health and well-being of our community. And that's why I believe that my
non-government agency is the perfect organization to partner with the government to
address this public health crisis tayo ay “A-Angat Buhay ang Lahat!”

Host: Dr. Rinnah Cybelle Lucernas, Representative of the Epidemiology Bureau.

HEALTH EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT BUREAU REPRESENTATIVE

We are working with the City Health Department and other agencies to ensure that we
have the resources in place to respond effectively to this outbreak.

Host: Dr. Annika Therese Ocubillo, Representative of the Disease Prevention and
Control Bureau

DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL BUREAU REPRESENTATIVE

We are working hard to educate the public about this disease and to promote preventive
measures.

Host: Dr. Genesis Kiok, Representative of the Health Emergency Management Bureau

EPIDEMIOLOGY BUREAU REPRESENTATIVE

We are also working to identify the source of the outbreak and develop strategies to
prevent future outbreaks.

Host: Alright! Thank you, everyone, for your introductions. Now, let's start with the main
agenda. *audience clap*

SKIT 4 (B) Discussion Proper Part

KIOK
Good morning/afternoon to you all and thank you for coming. As the representative of the
Disease Prevention and Control Bureau, I have been tasked to provide you with basic
information about Standard and German Measles.

(table style information so they can see the differences)

BASIC INFORMATION OF MEASLES
 STANDARD MEASLES GERMAN MEASLES

ALSO KNOWN AS Measles Three Day Measles or Rubella

Exceptionally contagious
Genus Rubivirus
paramyxovirus
CAUSE
SPECIFIC: Monoviridae family
SPECIFIC: Paramoxyviridae

● Young, unvaccinated children

● Infants unvaccinated for medical
reasons
● Incompletely vaccinated/
● Unvaccinated persons
Unvaccinated infants and toddlers
RISK FACTORS ● Incompletely vaccinated
● Pregnant women
● Fully vaccinated but not
developing immunity
● Immunocompromised persons
● Persons with Vit. A deficiency

CHILDREN: (mild, few noticeable

symptoms)
● Red rash
● Low-grade fever
● Headache
● Mild pink eye
● General discomfort
● Swollen and enlarged lymph nodes
● High fever ● Cough
● Malaise ● Runny
● Three “C”s: Cough, Coryza, and ● Nose
CLINICAL FEATURES
Conjunctivitis
● Koplik spots ADULTS:
● Maculopapular rash ● Mild illness
● Low-grade fever
● Soar throat
● Rash
● Headache
● Pink eye
● General discomfort before the rash

**usually no symptoms**

● Direct/droplet contact from

● Infectious droplets (direct contact)
TRANSMISSION nasopharyngeal secretions
● Airborne spread
● Eruptions from rash

● Begins 10-14 days after exposure

with rashes
● Nonspecific signs or symptoms
causes a mild illness that lasts 2-3
CHILDREN:
days
● Rashes last about 3 days
DEVELOPMENT OF SYMPTOMS ● Acute illness or rash lasts 5-6 days
● Other symptoms may occur 1-5
(fever of 40-41ºC)
days before the rash
● Recovery period for the measles
rash is about 7 days while
cough/darkening/peeling of the
skin lasts about 10 days

● In healthy individuals, recovery ● Causes mild illness and usually

PROGNOSIS
within 2-3 weeks with mild goes away on its own
 complications for some
● In high-risk individuals (infant
under 12 months of age, pregnant
women, anf people with weakened
immune systems), may experience
serious complications
● Usually contagious for 2 weeks
and should avoid others
● After rash appears, stay away from
other for 1 week
● Complications are rare but infected
preganant women may lead to
serious birth defect of the fetus

● Blindness
● Encephelitis (1/1000 children)
● Severe diarrhea and related
dehydration (1/10 people)
● Ear infections (1/10 children)
● Severe breathing problems
● Arthritis (more in women with up
including pneumonia (1 of every
to 70%)
20 children)
● Rare cases, brain infections and
● Death (1-3 of every 1,000
bleeding problems
children)
● Unvaccinated preganant women –
● Pregnant women – miscarriage,
COMPLICATIONS miscarriage, baby death after birth,
premature labor, low birth weight
pass the viirus to the baby which
infants
will develop defects (CRS) such as
● Extremely rarely, Subacut
heart, problems, loss of hearing
sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
and eyesight, intellectual disability,
(1 in every 1,000 people)
and liver/spleen dmaage
● Most common in children under 5
years and adults over 30 years old
○ Malnourished – Vit. A
deficiency or a weak immune
system
○ Weakens the immune system

Please refer to the table presented para you can follow my discussion. Standard measles can
also be called Measles and German Measles is also known as “Three Day Measles” or
“Rubella”. They are both caused by different types of viruses; Measles is caused by a very
contagious paramyxovirus called Paramyxoviridae and Rubella is caused by a Rubivirus
specifically from the Monoviride family.

With every disease, comes risk factors. As seen on the table, Rubella has fewer risks than
Measles while sharing risks for incomplete or unvaccinated children. Measles poses risks to
mostly unvaccinated individuals and persons who are immunocompromised and with vitamin A
deficiency while Rubella poses risks to pregnant women as well.

The symptoms that a person will experience when infected with Measles are high fever,
malaise, three “C”s which are cough, coryza, which is an inflammation in the nose, and
conjunctivitis, koplik spots, which are found in the mouth, and a maculopapular rash on the skin.
For Rubella, adults and children experience a different set of symptoms with children’s
symptoms being milder and only a few are noticeable. Some symptoms of children include a red
rash, low-grade fever, headache, mild pink eye, cough, and runny nose while adults experience
the same symptoms only without a cough and a runny nose but about 25-50% of people who
contract Rubella may not experience any symptoms.
Mode of transmission for both involves direct contact of droplets but Measles can be spread
airborne, staying in the air for about 2 hours, and Rubella can be spread through eruptions from
the rashes it causes. So how long does one stay contagious and recover after being infected?
In the case of Measles, healthy individuals will be able to recover within 2-3 weeks with mild
complications for some while high-risk individuals (like infants and pregnant women) may
experience serious complications. Those infected with Rubella usually experience mild illness
and it goes away on its own. You are contagious for 2 weeks and should do your best to avoid
others and once a rash appears, you should start isolation for 1 week. Complications for Rubella
are rare but babies of infected pregnant women may experience serious birth defects.

The word complications was repeatedly mentioned no? So now let’s explore those
complications. Measles causes a lot of complications in children with some being encephalitis,
which is an inflammation in the brain, ear infections, breathing problems, and even death. In
pregnant women, Measles can cause miscarriages, premature labor, and low birth weight of
infants. An extremely rare complication is the Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE),
which is a progressive neurological disorder that affects children and young adults.

Rubella, however, has complications such as arthritis, which appears more in women with up to
70%. In rare cases, brain infections and bleeding problems may occur and for unvaccinated
pregnant women, they are at risk of suffering from miscarriages and death of the baby after
birth. In some cases, the virus may be passed down from the mother to the child which will then
cause the baby to develop defects such as CRS which are heart problems, loss of hearing and
eyesight, intellectual disability, and liver/spleen damage.

Now that I have explained some basic information about Measles and Rubella, I will not be
passing the mic to Dr. Annika Ocubillo who will tell us more about the prevention of this disease.

OCUBILLO
Good morning/ afternoon everyone. Now we will talk about the steps in outbreak investigation.
Why are we discussing this? Para you will also know how the process goes and you can see
how the agencies and related officials come up with conclusions.

Outbreaks occur quite often, but not all of them are reported. Those that are reported are
discussed by public health agencies and to make decisions accordingly. How are these
decisions made? Investigations are conducted because outbreaks occur unexpectedly and
information must be gathered to implement control and prevention measures. We have to learn
more about the cases so we can take action. This isn’t just conducted by 1 agency, multiple
agencies work together.

Planning for field work, establishing the existence of an outbreak, and verifying the diagnosis
are usually the 1st 3 steps taken by public health officials, sometimes done in that order,
sometimes done in reverse, and sometimes done at the same time. Bale, in this part, the public
health officials are observing pa lang and making comparisons, often based on previous data
 LUCERNAS
(step B explanation)

Good morning/ afternoon moving on the investigators check if cases form a real outbreak or
cluster. These can be from a common source, similar illnesses, or different diseases.
What are these? Outbreaks more cases than expected in an area and time and the clusters are
cases together over time, not always more than expected.What the researchers found is that
● Identified cluster locations for measles and rubella cases.
● Recorded cases of measles and rubella by provinces in Region VII.
● Noted measles and rubella prevalence in each city or municipality.
● Assessed the significance of measles occurrences in various municipalities across
Region VII.

So out of 79 reported cases of measles and rubella in Region VII over 12 months, 46.8% were
from Bohol, 27.8% from Cebu, 24.1% from Negros Oriental, and 1.3% had unknown locations.:
● In Bohol, Alburquerque had the most cases: 7 rubella and 14 measles.
● In Cebu, Cebu City had the highest cases: 8 rubella and 12 measles.
● In Negros Oriental, Santa Calina had the most measles cases; Dumaguete City and
Guihulngan had 2 rubella cases.
● Only 1 rubella case was identified in the unknown location, with no traced measles
cases.

Basically, Cities with high population and tourism, like Cebu City, show higher disease
concentration. Cebu City, with a population density of 3,202 per square kilometer, correlates
with increased infection rates. In 2022, it was the first city in Region 7 to record a case of
German Measles, highlighting the place's role in disease transmission.
Over a few weeks, both diseases gradually increased in Cebu City, totaling 20 cases by
year-end, contributing to 25.32% of Region 7's cases. So the cases were scattered, not
clustered, suggesting a sporadic or irregular transmission pattern. In Alburquerque, Bohol had
the highest cases (20), equivalent to 26.58% of Region 7's total cases. Surprisingly, despite its
lower population density (420 per sq km), it recorded a high enough number of cases equal to
Cebu City's count. This suggests a higher transmission rate in Alburquerque, potentially due to
factors like its proximity to Tagbilaran City (high density, 29 mins away). The movement of
people from Tagbilaran City, including tourists visiting attractions like Tarsier Sanctuaries, might
contribute to the disease spread. Similarly, Santa Catalina in Negros Oriental, with a low
population density (148 per sq km), had a high number of measles cases, likely due to its
popularity as a tourist destination with attractions like beaches and festivals.

ANOVA TABLE

DATA SET CLUSTER

The Research and Investigation team was able to acquire the information of all 79 reported cases of measles
and german measles in Region VII. Of the 79 cases within a 12 month surveillance period, 46.8% of the cases
of both diseases (measles and german measles/rubella) originate from the Province of Bohol. This was then
followed with 27.8% cases in Cebu Province, 24.1% in Negros Oriental, and 1,3% with unknown or
unidentifiable location.
To be able to identify the cause of the rise in cases, the researchers further determined the total number of
cases per municipality in Bohol, Cebu, and Negros Oriental. Of the 79 cases, Alburquerque, Bohol had the
highest number of cases, 7 german measles/rubella and 14 measles cases. In the Province of Cebu, Cebu
City had the highest number of cases, 8 cases of german measles and 12 cases of measles. In Negros
Oriental, Santa Calina had the highest number of measles cases while Dumaguete City and Guihulingan had
2 german measle cases. For the unknown, only 1 german measles case was identified and no cases of
measles were traced.

Province City/Municipality German Measles Measles

Alburquerque 7 14
Corella 0 2
Guindulman 1 0
Loay 1 1
Bohol
Sikatuna 2 4
Talibon 2 0
Tubigon 2 0
Valencia 0 1
Cebu City 8 12
Cebu
Lapu-Lapu City 1 1
Dumaguete City 2 4
Negros Oriental Guihulngan 2 2
Santa Catalina 1 8
Unknown Unknown 1 0
As indicated by the data, the concentration of the disease is observed to be higher in Cities with denser
populations and well-developed tourism sectors. Cebu City, characterized by its notably high population
density of 3,202 per square kilometer by World Population Review (2022), is highlighted as having a
significant number of cases, indicating a correlation between high population density and increased infection
rates. Based on the analysis of the place component of the disease in Region 7, it can be observed that in the
year 2022, Cebu City was the first recorded city to have a case of German Measles.

Over subsequent weeks, the incidence of both diseases gradually increased within the city. Notably, despite
this increase, the cases appeared sporadic and widely distributed, resulting in a total of only 20 cases
reported by the year's end, contributing to 25.32% of the total cases in all Cities and Municipalities within
Region 7. This observation suggests that while the number of cases rose over time, the occurrences were not
clustered or closely linked, indicating a potentially scattered pattern of transmission within the city.
In addition, it can be observed that within the same year, Alburuquerque had the highest total number of
cases amounting to 20 cases, which is equivalent to 26.58% of the total cases in all Cities and Municipalities
within Region 7. In contrast, Alburuquerque in Bohol boasts a much lower population density of 420 per
square kilometer. Surprisingly, despite its lower density, Alburuquerque experiences a considerable number of
cases. Despite Alburuquerque having a lower population density, its total case count equaling that of Cebu
City suggests a higher rate of transmission within Alburuquerque. This is noteworthy because the lower
population density might typically imply a reduced risk of widespread infection compared to a densely
populated city like Cebu. Hence, the higher incidence in Alburuquerque might indicate localized clusters or
specific factors contributing to the disease's spread within that municipality, such as its close proximity to
Tagbilaran City, which has a high population density of 2,900 per square kilometer and is merely 18.1
kilometers or 29 minutes away. The significant number of cases in Alburquerque can be attributed to the
movement of people from Tagbilaran City (and potentially other cities) into Alburuquerque. The influx of
tourists visiting attractions such as the Tarsier Sanctuaries and churches in Alburuquerque could contribute to
the spread of these diseases.

The same can be said for Santa Catalina, a 1st Class Municipality of Negros Oriental having a population
density of 148 per kilometer squared (PhilAtlas, 2020). As observed in the Graph, it has a high number of
Measles cases compared to other Cities and Municipalities despite its small population density. Like
Alburuqueque, Santa Catalina is popular as a tourist destination in Negros Oriental due to their attractions,
such as their beaches, the Pakol Festival, and their Monkey Sanctuary.

Significance of the occurrence of measles across different municipalities in Region VII

Since measles and german measles (rubella) is a notifiable disease in the Philippines, the expected number
of cases is based on the surveillance record. Hence, to identify whether an outbreak is happening, the
Research and Investigation Team used a Two-Factor ANOVA Without Replication to compare the occurrence
of measles across different municipalities in Region VII.

German Measles Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication

SUMMARY Count Sum Average Variance
43-52 13 4 0.307692 0.397436
34-43 13 5 0.384615 0.423077
25-34 13 8 0.615385 0.75641
16-25 13 6 0.461538 0.769231
7-16 13 2 0.153846 0.141026
>7 13 5 0.384615 0.75641

Alburquerque 6 8 1.333333 1.466667

Corella 6 0 0 0
Guindulman 6 1 0.166667 0.166667
Loay 6 1 0.166667 0.166667
Sikatuna 6 2 0.333333 0.266667
Talibon 6 2 0.333333 0.266667
Tubigon 6 2 0.333333 0.266667
Valencia 6 0 0 0
Cebu City 6 8 1.333333 1.866667
Lapu-Lapu City 6 1 0.166667 0.166667
Dumaguete
City 6 2 0.333333 0.266667
Guihulngan 6 2 0.333333 0.266667
Santa Catalina 6 1 0.166667 0.166667

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
 Rows 1.538462 5 0.307692 0.734694 0.600336 2.36827
Columns 13.79487 12 1.149573 2.744898 0.004957 1.917396
Error 25.12821 60 0.418803

Total 40.46154 77

Null Hypothesis (H0):There is no significant difference of the occurrence German Measles across different
municipalities in region 7
Alternative Hypothesis(HA): There is a significant difference of the occurrence German Measles across
different municipalities in region 7
Significance Level: 0.05

From the findings on the conducted Two-Way ANOVA Without Replication, based on a p-value of 0.600336,
we accept the null hypothesis (H0) that there is no significant difference in the occurrence of German measles
among the municipalities within region 7. It is important to note that 2 pending German Measles IgM cases
were not included in the calculation.

Measles Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication

SUMMARY Count Sum Average Variance
43-52 13 9 0.692308 0.897436
34-43 13 12 0.923077 3.910256
25-34 13 6 0.461538 0.769231
16-25 13 10 0.769231 1.858974
7-16 13 10 0.769231 1.525641
>7 13 2 0.153846 0.141026

Alburquerque 6 14 2.333333 6.266667

Corella 6 2 0.333333 0.666667
Guindulman 6 0 0 0
Loay 6 1 0.166667 0.166667
Sikatuna 6 4 0.666667 0.666667
Talibon 6 0 0 0
Tubigon 6 0 0 0
Valencia 6 1 0.166667 0.166667
Cebu City 6 12 2 2.8
Lapu-Lapu City 6 1 0.166667 0.166667
 Dumaguete
City 6 4 0.666667 0.666667
Guihulngan 6 2 0.333333 0.266667
Santa Catalina 6 8 1.333333 2.266667

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Rows 4.987179 5 0.997436 0.913503 0.478501 2.36827
Columns 43.71795 12 3.643162 3.336595 0.000942 1.917396
Error 65.51282 60 1.09188

Total 114.2179 77

Null Hypothesis (H0):

There is no significant difference of the occurrence of measles across different municipalities in region 7
Alternative Hypothesis( HA):
There is a significant difference of the occurrence of measles across different municipalities in region 7
Significance Level: 0.05

From the findings on the conducted Two-Way ANOVA Without Replication, based on a p-value of 0.478501,
we fail to reject the null hypothesis (H0) that there is no significant difference in the occurrence of measles
among the municipalities within region 7. This suggests that there isn't enough evidence to support the claim
that the occurrence of measles varies significantly across these municipalities in Region 7.

The results obtained from the Two-Way ANOVA Without Replication, considering the p-values of 0.600336 for
German measles and 0.478501 for measles across various municipalities within Region 7, present crucial
insights into the epidemiological landscape of this area. The failure to reject the null hypothesis in both cases,
indicating no significant difference in the occurrence of these diseases among municipalities, holds key
implications.

Firstly, the absence of a significant variance in the occurrence of measles and German measles implies a
homogeneity in the prevalence of these diseases across Bohol Province, Cebu Province, and Negros Oriental
within Region 7. This uniformity is indicative of a relatively consistent pattern in disease prevalence,
suggesting that these areas are not experiencing a notable outbreak of either measles or German measles.
Additionally, the socio-demographic and environmental factors prevalent in Region 7 could also contribute to
the lack of an outbreak. Factors like population density, healthcare accessibility, sanitation standards, and
general health practices might collectively contribute to a stable disease prevalence rate across municipalities.

Based on the information identified, The Research and Investigation Team has determined that there's
currently no outbreak of measles or German measles in the region. Nevertheless, the investigation will persist
to pinpoint the cause of the clustered cases and to enforce preventive measures effectively.
 OCUBILLO
We always have to verify the diagnosis to confirm if an outbreak exists. For our situation, the Research
and Investigation Team collaborated with the Disease Reporting Units' (DRUs) laboratorians to validate
the identified cases as either measles or German measles/rubella. The laboratorians reviewed patient
medical histories and records, the laboratorians conducted specific diagnostic tests, specifically
serological tests and PCR tests.

The research team looked at lab results from the DRUs and compared them with clinical presentations
and patient medical backgrounds. By doing this, they came up with some ideas about how people might
have gotten measles or German measles because they noticed similarities in symptoms and medical
histories among the sick people.

After verifying the diagnosis, we have to make a working case definition, which is just a clear definition
of the case that has criteria and guidelines for identifying people with the condition diagnosed, which in
our case is measles. When we have the criteria na, we then look for similar cases. We collect details about
these cases and put them in a list or a computer system. This helps us find any repeated information, add
new details, and study the patterns of how the disease spreads.

How did we do this in Region 7? – Data was gathered using methods like questionnaires and case reports.
Then, the most important details from these forms are placed into a simpler table called a "line listing."
This table shows key info about each case, like name, age, and classification of the illness. It helps us
quickly see patterns and similarities between cases, making it easier to analyze and draw conclusions
from the data.

LUCERNAS
(steps 6-8)

We now organize the data by time, place, and person . Essential ni siya for characterizing the outbreak,
identifying populations at risk, developing hypotheses about risk factors, and targeting control/prevention
strategies. Mao na ni ang epidemic curve na mui provide og visual display sa time and magnitude of the
outbreak

Concerning sa Epidemic curves are like special graphs that show how outbreaks grow over time. They're
like a timeline that helps us understand how big an outbreak is and if it's getting better or worse.
The chart shows when the first cases of German measles and measles happened. Measles had a big
increase in April, then in June, August, and October with 8 cases at its highest in April. This suggests na
its a linear spread. Measles and German measles take about 1-3 weeks to show up after someone gets
sick na ni match sa pattern in the chart. Also, the cases are in different places. If they were in one area, it
might mean a bigger outbreak. Pero both diseases happened in different areas at different times. The way
these cases show up makes it less likely for a big outbreak.

For the place - Geographical analysis helps us understand how outbreaks spread and find clues about their
causes. Spot maps are like pictures that show where sick people live or might have gotten the sickness.
They help investigators look for reasons why many cases happen in certain areas. Things like water
sources or nearby places can tell us how the sickness might be spreading. Looking at the spot map and
table, we see that places with more people, like Cebu City and Albuquerque in Bohol, had the most cases
of German Measles and Measles in Region 7. Cebu City and Alburquerque made up half of the German
Measles cases and over half of the Measles cases in the region.
 Next is to look at the people affected. Age, gender, and health conditions play a big role in
this.This helps us see which groups are at higher risk. By using graphs and tables, we found some
interesting things: Kids under 8 years old had the most measles cases in Region 7, while those between 8
to 16 years had the most cases of German Measles or Rubella. There were more female cases for both
diseases. The younger kids get more measles because their immune systems are still growing, while older
kids get more Rubella because they're more vulnerable at that age. For example, looking at the data in the
table, we saw that kids below 8 years old had 18 measles cases and 10 German measles cases. Kids aged
8 to 16 had 13 measles cases and 12 German measles cases. The number of cases gets less as people get
older because once you get these diseases, your body learns to fight them off, so it's less likely to get sick
again. That's why older people have fewer cases.
 Regarding the gender naman we see that more females got sick from German measles and
measles compared to males. For German measles, there were 19 female cases and 11 male cases, while
for measles, there were 25 female cases and 24 male cases. This tells us that females are more likely to
get these diseases than males.Women often take care of families, which might make them more exposed
to sickness, and sometimes it's harder for them to get medical help on time.

So with all the data acquired we can now make a Hypotheses, based on what is known about the
disease, descriptive epidemiology, and what others have postulated, must be developed before conducting
any kind of epidemiologic study (what are you going to study if you don’t know what you are looking
for?).

Building on the information gathered earlier, researchers formulated the following hypotheses:

Hypothesis 1: Are gender and age significant factors that contribute to higher instances of measles
occurrence?
Hypothesis 2: Is there a correlation between occurrences of rubella (German measles) and measles in
Cebu, Bohol, and Negros Oriental?
Hypothesis 3: Is there a necessity for preventive measures in the absence of an outbreak?

When there's a big outbreak, scientists might use two types of studies to find out why it happened.
One is called a cohort study, which works best when they know exactly who was there when the sickness
started. They look at the number of people in the event , figure out what they were exposed to, and how
many got sick. This helps them compare who got sick and who didn't to find what might have caused the
sickness.

The other study is called a case-control study. This works better when they don't have a clear idea
of who was there when the sickness started. In this study, scientists look at the people who got sick and
compare them to a group of people who didn't get sick. They ask them about what they were exposed to
and compare the answers to figure out what might have caused the sickness.
 OCUBILLO
(steps 9-10)

Now, when it comes to outbreaks, we look at the bigger picture. We check how the disease is spreading
among people and do lab tests to confirm if the measles virus is causing it. We also look at the
environment—where the outbreak might have started. Putting all this together helps us be sure and guides
us on what to do next.

Because the evidence about the spread of measles and German measles is clear and doesn't need complex
testing, we've directed our efforts towards controlling and preventing it from spreading. Our main goal is
to quickly control and prevent these diseases, implementing measures to effectively stop them from
spreading further.

Here in our region, we're working closely with health institutions and Disease Reporting Units. We're
always checking the data—combining lab results with what we see in the clinics. We're also teaming up
with local government units to do thorough checks in the affected areas. We're not just looking for where
the sickness might have started; we're also checking places that might need a good clean-up to keep
everyone safe. Our approach is like putting together puzzle pieces—from small lab tests to big
on-the-ground inspections—to understand everything better and plan how to stop the sickness.

OCUBILLO
(steps 11-12)

Despite confirming the absence of an outbreak, we cannot be complacent, we can’t be kampante. We want
to make sure we're doing everything we can to keep measles at bay.

We want to stress the importance of taking action now. Our researchers are emphasizing proactive steps
for local governments and the public to follow. The idea is to be prepared and take steps to prevent
potential outbreaks and ensure public health safety for all.

Now, let's talk about training our healthcare providers. The goal is to eliminate measles and rubella, and
we're doing this by providing practical strategies for handling measles outbreaks.
Training Contents:
We're covering some important topics:
● Understanding what measles is and how it shows up
● Ensuring readiness for a quick and effective response
● Identifying and validating cases of measles to manage them well and prevent further spread
● Investigating the source of infection and identifying at-risk populations
● Responding effectively to stop the spread, reduce illness and complications, and prevent future
outbreaks
● Recovering by closing immunity gaps, coordinating recovery efforts, and learning from the
factors that contributed to the outbreak
Our vaccination program focuses on making sure everyone gets vaccinated. Mommies atong mga anak
should get the MMR vaccine which is normally given at age one and again at age four. For those na
wla,we're also doing vaccination campaigns to catch up with adults and teens who missed their shots. The
goal here is to keep vaccination rates high to protect everyone. We also want to address any doubts people
might have about vaccines. Action plans that address misinformation, foster targeted communication are
put into place.It's all about giving you the right info and boosting confidence in our healthcare system.

The Department of Health has an Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit (ESU). In cases where there's an
unexpected rise in measles cases in a specific area, health institutions quickly report this to the Regional
Department of Health (DOH) for potential investigation. The researchers and investigation team continue
to monitor the increase in measles cases, especially in areas with low vaccine coverage, leading to a lack
of herd immunity.This ongoing surveillance aims to observe case numbers, implement preventive
measures to curb the increase and assess the potential for an outbreak.

LUCERNAS
(step 13)
Lastly, noh is to communicate what was found in the study and put it in a written report para naay key
public health, scientific, and legal documentation. Why man?

Our authorities alone may lack epidemiological expertise. It is important to share the discoveries
and recommendations with scientific justification. To ensure a clear understanding and acceptance of
proposed actions by the Investigators, we must create a written report that serves as a reference for future
actions and to be a legal document.

After investigating measles cases in Region VII, we aim to provide specific recommendations to
prevent further transmission and address public concerns. We'll share this information through a press
conference to ensure effective communication and to improve surveillance records by publishing a public
handbook, create posters for measles awareness an informative video to raise awareness.

KIOK
Ok so to summarize, measles and rubella are highly contagious viral infections. Measles, caused by the
measles virus, leads to severe symptoms like high fever, cough, and a spreading red rash. It's incredibly
contagious, spreading through coughing or sneezing, and remains so four days before and after the rash
appears. Rubella, caused by a different virus, presents milder symptoms such as a pink rash, low-grade
fever, and swollen glands. While less severe, rubella is concerning for pregnant women as it can cause
severe birth defects.

In the beginning of 2022, rubella and measles cases appeared one after another. Measles hit its highest
points at different times in April, June, August, and October, which matches the time it takes for
symptoms to show up, usually 1 to 3 weeks after catching it. Since the cases are spread out in different
places, it seems like these outbreaks are happening here and there, not all over at once, which makes a big
widespread outbreak less likely for now.
Measles and Rubella cases went up in the city over time, reaching 20 cases by the end of the year, making
up about a quarter of all cases in Region 7. Even though the cases increased, they didn't group closely
together or link up, showing a spread-out way of spreading. This might be because of outside factors like
tourism affecting how measles spread, even in a city with fewer people living there.

OCUBILLO
The data shows that measles mostly affects kids under 8, especially those under 5, while rubella hits 8 to
16 year-olds, particularly 5 to 9 year-olds, with girls having a higher infection rate, which means they got
it more. Even though we see these vulnerable groups, the cases aren't clustered in one spot or time, so data
suggests it does not signify an outbreak. Still, knowing which ages and genders are more at risk helps
keep an eye out to stop outbreaks and lessen how much the diseases affect people.

LUCERNAS
The Two-Way ANOVA Without Replication produced p-values of 0.600336 for German measles and
0.478501 for measles, both surpassing the significance level of 0.05. Rejecting the null hypothesis in both
cases indicates no significant difference in disease occurrence among municipalities in Region 7.
Consequently, there's insufficient evidence to support an outbreak of either measles or German measles in
the region.

Before we conclude that a disease has already peak to its outbreak there are things that we need to
consider:
1. An outbreak is typically characterized by an unexpected increase in the number of cases of a
particular disease within a specific population or geographical area over a defined period.
2. Outbreaks typically involve a sudden surge in cases over a relatively short period, often within
weeks or months.
3. An outbreak refers to the occurrence of a particular disease in a specific geographical area that is
greater than what is normally expected.

Whereas on the basis of our case, it is contradicting, it does not fall exactly how outbreaks are described.

Number of Cases: In crowded cities with lots of tourists, there are more cases of these diseases, but
they're spread out all over, not clumped together. This is odd because outbreaks usually happen in specific
spots, but here, it's scattered everywhere in these cities. It's like a puzzle missing its usual pieces.

Time Component: The diseases showed up one after another, not at the same time. They popped up like
clockwork, following the time it takes for these illnesses to show up. Also, they're not all grouped in one
place but spread out, kind of like how a drum beats in a sequence, not all at once.

Place Component: One place, Bohol, had the most cases, but even there, it wasn't all bunched up. In big
cities like Cebu, cases slowly went up, but they were all over the place, not tied together. This is weird
because usually, outbreaks happen where cases stick close, but here, it's like they're wandering off on their
own.

Both measles and German measles (rubella) present similarities in their higher incidence within bustling
urban settings, yet diverge significantly from the conventional outbreak scenario. Their shared attribute
lies in the lack of clustered outbreaks despite the increased prevalence in densely populated areas with
active tourism. However, their contrast becomes evident in the temporal and spatial dynamics. Sequential
emergence characterizes both diseases, showcasing a distinct pattern of appearing one after the other
rather than simultaneously, following expected incubation periods. Geographically, they concentrate in
certain regions without forming the expected clustered pattern, instead spreading across multiple
locations. This divergence challenges established outbreak paradigms, highlighting a unique and
dispersed transmission pattern for these diseases in urban areas.

SKIT 5 (B) Q&A

HOST (FLANCO): Thank you so much to our speakers! As we open the floor to your
questions, we encourage you to be concise and specific in framing your inquiries. That said, we
will now formally start the question and answer portion of the conference. Please raise your
name cards and approach the designated microphones.

(journalists start raising their name cards)

(host picks reporter 1)
(reporter 1 approaches the microphone)

REPORTER 1 (JALLENE): Good morning my name is *insert name* from *insert affiliation*
and I would like to ask the panel about the current statistical data regarding the measles outbreak
in Region 7. Specifically, are there any trends or patterns emerging from the data that could
provide insights into the severity and potential impact of the outbreak?

(reporter 1 remains standing)

(other reporters start taking notes, clicking away on their laptops)

SPEAKER (CIMAFRANCA): I would like to answer that.

(show the “prevalence of German measles and measles according to city/municipality” table)

Over the following weeks, the occurrence of both diseases gradually rose. Despite this increase,
the cases displayed a scattered and widely distributed pattern, resulting in a year-end total of only
20 cases, contributing to 25.32% of the total cases in Region 7's Cities and Municipalities. This
indicates that although the number of cases increased, they were not clustered or closely
connected, suggesting a potentially dispersed transmission pattern within the city. Additionally,
external factors like tourism played a significant role, leading to a notable number of Measles
cases despite the city's relatively low population density.

As indicated by the graphical data, the concentration of the disease is observed to be higher in
Cities with denser populations and well-developed tourism sectors. Cebu City, characterized by
its notably high population density, is highlighted as having a significant number of cases,
indicating a correlation between high population density and increased infection rates.

That said, it was observed that cases are scattered geographically, indicating sporadic rather than
localized outbreaks. This sequential spread across different locations suggests a lower likelihood
of an immediate widespread outbreak. Overall, these observations imply that the diseases are
spreading in a sequential manner, reducing the immediate risk of a widespread outbreak.

(show the “cases of German measles and measles by age group” table)

Another interesting note is that in analyzing the demographic trends of measles and rubella
infections it showed that Measles tends to affect children under 8, especially those under 5, while
rubella impacts 8 to 16 year-olds, particularly 5 to 9 year-olds.

(show the “prevalence of disease according to gender” table)

In terms of gender, females exhibit a higher infection rate than males, emphasizing their
increased vulnerability to these viruses.

That would be all.

HOST (FLANCO): Thank you Mr. Cimafranca. Are there other concerns that need to be
addressed regarding this matter?

(other journalists start raising their name cards)

(host picks journalist 2)

REPORTER 2 (JABEZ): Ah yes! Hello, good morning I am *insert name* from *insert
affiliation*. (in a serious tone) Given the patterns or trends suggesting the presence of measles,
does this indicate that… (in a suspense manner) there is an occurrence of an outbreak?

(Lucernas raises her hand to make her presence known, indicating she wants to answer)

HOST (FLANCO): I see that Dr. Lucernas raised her hand. I will be giving the floor to her for
this matter.

SPEAKER (LUCERNAS): Hello, good day. To address this matter, I would like to clarify that
this case is not an outbreak. I do not want to cause confusion to the people so to reiterate….

Before we conclude that a disease has already peak to its outbreak there are things that we need
to consider:
1. An outbreak is typically characterized by an unexpected increase in the number of cases
of a particular disease within a specific population or geographical area over a defined
period.
 2. Outbreaks typically involve a sudden surge in cases over a relatively short period, often
within weeks or months.
3. An outbreak refers to the occurrence of a particular disease in a specific geographical
area that is greater than what is normally expected.

In urban areas with dense populations and active tourism, our case reveals an unconventional
disease pattern. Despite a higher disease concentration, there's no clustering or close links among
cases. The scattered transmission pattern suggests sporadic spread across the cities, challenging
typical outbreak expectations. This dispersion, influenced by factors like population movements
and varied exposure opportunities, contradicts the anticipated behavior of outbreaks in densely
populated, tourist-heavy areas.

Whereas on the basis of our case, it is contradicting, it does not fall exactly how outbreaks are
described.

(reporter 3 raises her name card)

(host acknowledges reporter 3)

REPORTER 3 (HERME): Good morning Dr. Lucernas. I am *insert name* from *insert
affiliation*. So, you mentioned that on the basis of the case, it is contradicting. By what means
does this contradict? Can you tell us more about the time component regarding the conclusion
you have made that this case is not an outbreak?

SPEAKER (LUCERNAS): Ah yes, of course.

Our case suggests otherwise because new cases of both diseases–German Measles and Measles
follow a sequential pattern, with new cases emerging after previous cases have been resolved.
The timing of the cases reveals a different pattern compared to an outbreak. New cases of
German measles and measles appear in a sequence, one after the other, without overlapping. The
first case of German measles showed up in January 2022, followed by measles a week later in
February 2022, reflecting this sequential order. This sequencing aligns with the expected time it
takes for these diseases to show symptoms, according to the CDC. Their average incubation
periods correspond to the intervals between the cases we observed, reinforcing this sequential
pattern. Moreover, the absence of concentrated cases in one place is crucial. If they were
clustered in a specific area, it might signal a higher outbreak risk there. But our cases are
scattered across different locations, suggesting a more sporadic spread. In summary, the way
cases emerge one after another, the timing between them, and their scattered nature across
locations all indicate a different scenario from a typical outbreak. This suggests a more dispersed
and non-concentrated spread of these diseases.

I hope this clears out the confusion regarding this case.

(reporter 4 raises her name card)

 (host acknowledges reporter 4)

REPORTER 4 (SALGADO): Good day, Dr. Lucernas. I am *insert name* from *insert
affiliation* Based on the presented information regarding the patterns of German Measles and
Measles spread in urban areas and Region 7, (asking in a tone that needs a clear and final
statement from the speaker) can you tell us more about the place component of your conclusion?
Which areas are heavily affected by this disease?

SPEAKER (LUCERNAS): (saying it firmly) I would like to say once again that this is NOT
AN OUTBREAK. The observed disease pattern in densely populated urban areas challenges the
conventional definition of an outbreak due to its scattered transmission, sequential occurrence,
and dispersed geographical distribution.

HOST (FLANCO): Thank you, Dr. Lucernas for providing such valuable insights. Let us keep
in mind what doc said so that—

(while the host is still speaking, a mad parent yells and interrupts)

FATHER 1 (DARRYL): (stands up) UNYA KAMI? UNSA NALANG MAN AMONG
BUHATON ANI?! (crowd yells in agreement) We don’t want to just sit here and wait for
something bad to happen to our children!

HOST (FLANCO): Sir, as our officials were saying—

MOTHER 1 (DINAH): (stands up) NO, HE’S RIGHT! Please sultii mi kung unsay angayan
buhaton in times nga ingani! How can we manage, prevent, or treat our children against this
disease?! (crowd yells in agreement as speaker attempts to talk)

SPEAKER (OCUBILLO): Ma’am, Sir, please calm down. And don’t worry, we will help you!
Now if you’ll let me talk, I will explain to you all that you need to know to help your children.
Let’s all settle down so you can clearly hear me, ok?

(crows gradually becomes silent and FATHER 1 and MOTHER 1 sits down)

So what you’re asking about is ang steps for HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE
PREVENTION. Mao ni siya ang concepts and strategies na we do in our houses, within the
school, and within the community to minimize the risk of illness and disease. So what do we do
exactly?

1) Management – Management basically means anhi nato buhaton ang mga angay buhaton na
standards and precautions para mamake sure nga safe atong environment, especially for our
children. With this we have up first, Isolation.

a. Isolation
 i. This is the stage of the process wherein ang atong
healthcare personnel kay dapat mufollow sa standard and airborne
precautions when managing patients with suspected or confirmed measles
in our community. This includes immediate patient placement into an
airborne infection isolation room and of course, the use of a respirator that
is at least as protective as a fit-tested N95 respirator.
ii. TAKE NOTE! All measles patients should be
isolated for four days following the onset of symptoms in order to prevent
the infection from spreading to others. So, if you know someone na naay
measles or has been exposed to the disease, it’s really important to inform
authorities!

(Mother 2 raises hand and waits to get called by the speaker)

MOTHER 2 (MARY): How about to stop spreading the disease, ma’am/sir? What do we do if
naay infected within our community and we still want to keep our place safe?

SPEAKER (OCUBILLO): Well this brings me to the second Management method which is
Maintenance of Hygiene.
b. Maintenance of hygiene – from the phrase itself, this is very much
self-explanatory.
i. To stop the spread, all dirty and contaminated such
as tissues, handkerchiefs must be cleaned and disposed of with caution.
ii. Toys and other used items should also be cleaned
with a powerful detergent.
iii. However, if the used items can't be washed, it
should ideally be cleaned with alcohol swabs.
iv. Lastly, the most basic precaution is to wash your
hands frequently and protect your mouth and nose when you cough or
sneeze. Oh diba, just like what we were told to do during the COVID
pandemic. It’s been said that numerous measles cases can be avoided if
diligent lang ta to follow these steps.

(Father 2 raises hand and waits to get called by the speaker)

FATHER 2 (HANS): Those were really helpful ways in managing ourselves and our community
ma’am, but diba uso man ang vaccines karong panahona? What's the vaccine procedure for
newborns ba?

SPEAKER (CINCO): It’s a good thing you asked, Sir! Actually, the DOH constantly launches
immunization campaigns all over the Philippines for a variety of infections including Measles.
Let’s hear more about these vaccines from a representative of Merck & Co., Inc. Mr. James Uy.
SPEAKER (UY): Good day, everyone! As my company & work revolves around the production
of vaccines, I’m confident that I know a thing or two about it. Community-wide vaccination is
the most effective way to prevent measles, just like what the DOH is already doing. With this, it
becomes evident that all children should be vaccinated against measles. But don’t worry because
these vaccines are safe, effective, and inexpensive. We currently have 2 vaccines available for
dispensing:
1) Prevention (don’t read)
a. Vaccination (don’t read)
i. MMR VACCINE – is the vaccine you should make sure
your baby gets once they’re born.
1. So three infections are prevented by this vaccine in
which MMR stands for: mumps, measles, and rubella. It’s
important to remember that IT SHOULD BE GIVEN TO
CHILDREN IN TWO DOSES, the first at 12 to 15 months
of age, the second at 4 to 6 years of age, according to CDC
recommendations. Adults and teenagers should also have
received their MMR vaccines.
ii. MMRV VACCINE – is the second type of vaccine also
available for children. The only difference between this and the
MMR vaccine is that this one also prevents varicella
(Chickenpox). Hence the name MMRV which stands for
mumps, measles, rubella, and varicella.
2. Only children between the ages of 12 months and
12 years old are eligible for this immunization. This is why
at 12 to 15 months of age, your child should receive one
vaccination. The second shot should be given to your child
between the ages of 4 and 6. On the other hand, the second
dose might be administered three months following the
first. However, the ideal time for your child should be
discussed with their healthcare professional.

(Mother 1 interrupts the speaker)

MOTHER 1 (DINAH): Vaccines? Are you sure that’s safe? I heard it only makes children sick!

(crowd murmurs as fellow audience members seem to recall hearing this chismis)

SPEAKER (CINCO): Actually ma’am,

2. The MMR vaccine has high efficacy and safety. It is
97% effective in preventing measles after two doses, and
93% effective after one dose.
 3. Measles can also be avoided in children who have
not had vaccinations by getting the shot within three days
of being exposed to the virus.
4. And if you're an adult and not sure if you've
received it, it’s important to see your healthcare practitioner
about receiving the vaccination.
5. HOWEVER, please remember that pregnant people
are not allowed to get MMR vaccine. Should they want to
get vaccinated, they should do so immediately after their
pregnancy.

(Father 2 raises hand and waits to get called by the speaker)

FATHER 1 (DARRYL): Ma’am, how about if our children are unvaccinated but get exposed to
this infection? What do we do?

SPEAKER (LOPEZ): This is where

o Post exposure prevention – enters the scene
1. For unvaccinated infants aged 6 to 13 months:
a. An MMR vaccination is typically administered to prevent
them from contracting the disease.
b. The vaccination must be given no later than 72 hours after
the infection is first discovered.
c. And as part of the childhood immunization regimen, the
child needs two additional doses: one before starting school and
one around the age of 13 months.
2. For newborns under six months of age who have not had a
vaccination:

a. If their mothers have previously contracted the measles, these

babies become typically immune to the illness because the mother
transmits protective antibodies to the developing kid.
b. That is, for the first six months of the child's existence, these
antibodies provide protection.
c. However, if the mother has never had the measles, the child may
receive an injection of human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG).
But take note that HNIG IS NOT A VACCINE. It is merely a
concentration of antibodies known that can provide instantaneous,
temporary protection against the measles. For adults and children
whose immune systems are weakened, HNIG is also taken into
consideration within five days of exposure.
 Intramuscular normal immunoglobulin may also be considered for
pregnant women who have been exposed to measles.

(Mother 2 calls out the attention of the speaker)

MOTHER 2 (MARY): Wait, so there’s no cure for measles? So how do we treat them if wala
diay medisina para ani?

SPEAKER (LOPEZ):
o Treatment – for people who have measles, ma’am, is all about managing their
symptoms.
1. After these symptoms first appear, the illness normally fades away
on its own in two weeks. The goals of treatment are to reduce symptoms
and avoid complications. Treatment options could be:
· Relaxation.
· Consuming adequate liquids to keep hydrated. Your youngster
might need intravenous fluids if they become dehydrated.
· Medication that:
o Cut down on itchiness (like using antihistamine).
o Lower the fever (like paracetamol)
· Vitamins A supplements
Children who might require antibiotic medication if they also get a
bacterial infection. However, MEASLES CANNOT BE CURED BY
ANTIBIOTICS.
2. Individuals who experience diarrhea, middle ear infections, pneumonia, or
other serious illnesses should talk to their doctor about their treatment
options.

FATHER 1 (DARRYL): Wow, as new parents, there was a lot of info na wala mi kahibaw. No
wonder we immediately panicked. Thank you so much for helping us understand what’s
happening right now.

(crowd yells in agreement, also expresses gratitude to the officials)

C. CONCLUDING PART

(for skit numbers, refer to conference proper in flow doc)

SKIT 6 (B) & SKIT 1&2 (C )

HOST (FLANCO): I am glad that this conference helped all of you. And now I would like to
welcome the DOH Secretary, Ms. Jeronne Sabornido, as well as one of our esteemed guests for
today, former Vice President of the Philippines and current Chairperson of Angat Buhay
Foundation, Atty. Leni Robredo, to share with us something that will hopefully be of help to us
all..

Leni Robredo: As a non-government organization, we continue to strive to inspire hope and

bayanihan by harnessing the energies of partners, volunteers, and supporters to empower Filipino
communities. With that considered, let us witness today yet another extraordinary initiative of
our children, the promise of our future, as they seek to effect change by means of health
education.

As news of the spread of measles circulated, a remarkable group of students from Velez
College’s BSMT program, specifically 2nd year of Block C, partnered with our humble
organization in the creation of different tools for the effective education and information
dissemination regarding measles as well as its prevention and control. Now without further ado, I
present to you the various infographics made by our diligent students. A round of applause,
please (?)!
(present infographics)

Leni Robredo: In an effort to further their cause, these students have also prepared infomercials
(or an infomercial if 1 lang) of the same topic that they would like to share with us today. Roll
VTR(?)!
(present infomercial[s])
(after the presentation)

SKIT 3(C )
DOH Secretary: Thank you so much to the Angat Buhay Foundation led by Atty. Robredo and
the exceptional students of Velez College for the remarkable effort in helping us navigate this
health crisis. The Department of Health is ever more grateful that we are able to show strength as
a community and show a unified response. With that being said, we will now distribute the
pamphlets/infographics/posters/brochures courtesy of DOH to guide us in this crisis.

(distribution)

DOH Secretary: Ladies and gentlemen, it is critical that we reinforce crucial reminders about
measles prevention and control as part of our continued commitment to protecting public health.
As a highly infectious and possibly deadly viral infection, it remains a threat to communities
across the world. Let us keep the following vital elements in mind as we work together to
improve immunization efforts and public health initiatives:

● Vaccination is Paramount
● Herd Immunity Strengthens Communities
● Surveillance and Early Detection are Key
● Education and Awareness should be a priority
Remember, measles knows no bounds. Even though our situation right now posits that THERE
IS NO OUTBREAK, let us remain vigilant and steadfast in our commitment to preventing and
controlling measles. Together, let us fortify our communities against the threat of measles and
ensure a healthier future for generations to come.

SKIT 4 (C )

HOST (FLANCO): Thank you, everyone, for your time! For the public’s information, all data
presented in this conference will be made available for everyone’s access on the DOH’s official
website. Once again, thank you, and let’s all work towards a Healthy Pilipinas!

(The speakers/characters from B exits the classroom/stage)

SKIT 5 (C )
MA'AM CHARO SANTOS (Shannon)

Hindi biro ang pagkakaroon ng sakit, lalong-lalo na kung ang ating mga anak at mahal sa buhay
ang magkakaroon nito. Mahalaga ang alagaan natin ang ating sarili at ang isa’t isa. Iwasan ang
mga bagay na nagbibigay panganib sa kalusugan at panatilihing may alam tayo sa mga
kasalukuyang nangyayari sa ating kapaligiran. Tandaan niyo na para sa kalusugan, mahalaga ang
may alam.

Dyan napo nagtatapos ang ating kwento.

Chapter closed. I hope this finally helps all of us move forward. I won't be entertaining questions
regarding this anymore. Thank you for understanding.