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  • The D - and F-Block Elements

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    SHIVANSHU Nema
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    The document discusses the properties of d-block elements, specifically transition metals and lanthanides. It notes that transition metals have partially filled d orbitals in their common oxidation state, giving them metallic character. Properties discussed include ionization energy, electrode potential, oxidation states, melting points, formation of oxides and complexes. Magnetic properties are also addressed. Examples provided are potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate, including their preparations and chemical properties. Finally, the document briefly mentions the lanthanides and their colored f-f transitions.

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    4. the D- And F-Block Elements

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    The document discusses the properties of d-block elements, specifically transition metals and lanthanides. It notes that transition metals have partially filled d orbitals in their common oxidation state, giving them metallic character. Properties discussed include ionization energy, electrode potential, oxidation states, melting points, formation of oxides and complexes. Magnetic properties are also addressed. Examples provided are potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate, including their preparations and chemical properties. Finally, the document briefly mentions the lanthanides and their colored f-f transitions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    21 views12 pages

    The D - and F-Block Elements

    Uploaded by

    SHIVANSHU Nema
    The document discusses the properties of d-block elements, specifically transition metals and lanthanides. It notes that transition metals have partially filled d orbitals in their common oxidation state, giving them metallic character. Properties discussed include ionization energy, electrode potential, oxidation states, melting points, formation of oxides and complexes. Magnetic properties are also addressed. Examples provided are potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate, including their preparations and chemical properties. Finally, the document briefly mentions the lanthanides and their colored f-f transitions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    D BLOCK

    Transition Elements

    I Fight
    •
    EFFIETrettin
    compounds
    kzcrz Oy
    .

    • KM n Oy

    f- -

    Block
    lanthanides
    Properties
    Actinaids

    Properties
    2- 2 Q Is
    d block .

    Transition elements : -

    Elements who in their


    common
    orbital
    oxidation state have
    partially filled
    nd -
    .

    Does not cover 2n


    ,
    Cd , Hg

    metallic character

    Transition metals : Hard


    ,
    malleable ,
    Ductile
    :
    high melting Boiling point
    .

    metallic bond
    :
    strong
    • Bond
    strength due to presence of unpaired
    nd electrons .
    Ionization Energy
    increases
    •
    Although as we across each series

    though not quite regularly .

    Electrode Potential
    values
    • low
    negative of standard reduction pot .

    •
    • weak
    less Reactive
    Reducing agents

    oxidation state
    • Due to ns and Ln Dd
    -

    electrons
    • Increases till middle I then decreases .

    • lower O S - = Ionic
    man O s - .
    = 8
    ( osmium)
    Melting Point
    • Increases to middle of series & then
    falls
    oxides
    In lower O S
    of metal Basic (2,2)
    -
    .
    :

    Acidic
    nigher as :
    -

    catalytic property
    because of variable
    oxidation States .

    Formation of Complexes
    Because
    -

    2 Small
    .
    ration size
    2 .

    High effective nuclear


    charge
    d orbitals
    3
    Availability of vacant -

    formation of coloured compel .

    unpaired id electrons which


    on
    light
    absorbing visible orbital
    jump from one id -

    to other .

    ( al id
    -
    transition)
    Magnetic Properties
    µ = N
    ( n -12)
    i

    '
    Manimum
    paramagnetism = d cases

    Kzcrz 07
    Potassium Dichromate
    (Eq wt
    F- in
    maciggm )
    -
    -
    •

    Preparation
    •
    prepared by chromite Ol '

    sod chromate
    .

    Feo .
    Crzoz t lb NaOH + 702 Nazor Oy +
    Fez 03

    Naz Croy
    +
    4250 y Nazcrz 07
    sod dichromate
    .

    +
    Naz Cr
    ,
    O
    ,
    KU kzcrzo , t Nall
    pot dichromate
    .

    properties
    kzcrz 07 D- Kilroy t
    •
    t
    2Crz0z 3oz

    • Kzcrz 07 £5043 kzsoy t Cra ( soy)z + 02

    chloride test
    chromyl
    -

    Kil Cr Iz KHSOY

    Og
    R2 Cra Op t t Hzsoy → t

    Naoh
    ✓

    Pb Croy c-
    Naz Croy
    (yellow ppt)

    • Kzcrz O +
    44202 + Ht - Zor Os t H2O
    ,

    Kmnoy ( Permanganate)
    potassium
    • Eq wt
    of kmnoy :
    In acidic medium =
    Me
    5

    In alkaline medium = Me
    or neutral medium 3

    Preparation -

    • From
    fryrolusite one Mnoz ( Black)

    Mn Oz t KOH +
    Oc -
    kzmnoy +
    H2O

    ( pot GREEN
    .

    manganate
    )

    4Mt -7 Mn Mn Oz
    -

    Mn Oy +
    Oy t + H2O

    chemical Properties
    kmn Oy D- kzmnoy t Mn Oz 1-
    3oz

    Good
    oxidising agent .
    Lanthanoids
    • coloured (f f
    -

    transition)
    "
    Ce
    oxidising agent
    :
    •

    (most common O s
    - .

    )
    =3

    Actinoid
    previous Yrs Impe
    .

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