1

CARLOS HILADO MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

Talisay City, Negros Occidental
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

SCELMB
Name: Score:
Course/Year/Section:
Instruction:
Encircle the letter of the best/correct answer. (1 point each)

1. What is the fundamental unit of life?

a. Molecule c. Atom
b. Cell d. Tissue
2. Which of the following statements best defines a cell?
a. A basic building block of matter
b. The structural and functional unit of living organisms
c. The smallest unit of an element
d. A complex network of organs
3. What characteristic distinguishes living organisms from non-living entities?
a. Energy consumption c. Cellular structure
b. DNA replication d. All of the above
4. What is the most accurate definition of a macromolecule?
a. Small, simple molecules that make up the basic building blocks of life.
b. Large, complex molecules composed of smaller subunits joined together.
c. Inorganic compounds with a simple and repetitive structure.
d. Gaseous substances formed by the combination of atoms.
5. Which of the following characteristics best describes macromolecules?
a. They are typically small and simple, consisting of only a few atoms.
b. They are soluble only in nonpolar solvents.
c. They exhibit a high degree of complexity and are made up of repeating subunits.
d. They are primarily composed of inorganic elements.
6. Which type of cell has a true nucleus enclosed within a membrane?
a. Prokaryotic cell
b. Eukaryotic cell
c. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
d. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells
7. What is the primary location of genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?
a. Nucleus c. Mitochondria
b. Nucleoid d. Endoplasmic reticulum
8. Which cell type typically lacks membrane-bound organelles?
a. Prokaryotic cell
b. Eukaryotic cell
c. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
d. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells
9. What is the shape of the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?
a. Linear c. Double-stranded
b. Circular d. Triple-stranded
10. Which type of cell division is characteristic of prokaryotic cells for reproduction?
a. Mitosis c. Binary fission
b. Meiosis d. Budding
 2

11. Which type of cell is generally larger in size?

a. Prokaryotic cell
b. Eukaryotic cell
c. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
d. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells
12. Which cells may have a cell wall outside the cell membrane?
a. Prokaryotic cell
b. Eukaryotic cell
c. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
d. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells
13. Which type of cell lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
a. Prokaryotic cell
b. Eukaryotic cell
c. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
d. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells
14. Which of the following cells typically have ribosomes smaller in size (70S)?
a. Prokaryotic cell
b. Eukaryotic cell
c. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
d. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells
15. Which type of cell possesses membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria
and endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Prokaryotic cell
b. Eukaryotic cell
c. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
d. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells
16. In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine?
a. Thymine c. Cytosine
b. B. Guanine d. Uracil
17. What is the structure that forms the backbone of both DNA and RNA molecules?
a. Amino acids c. Monosaccharides
b. Nucleotides d. Fatty acids
18. Which of the following is a purine base in DNA?
a. Adenine c. Cytosine
b. Thymine d. Uracil
19. RNA differs from DNA in that it contains:
a. Ribose instead of deoxyribose
b. Thymine instead of uracil
c. Double-stranded helix structure
d. Both A and B
20. Proteins are composed of chains of:
a. Nucleotides c. Monosaccharides
b. Amino acids d. Fatty acids
21. The secondary structure of proteins is mainly stabilized by:
a. Hydrogen bonds c. Covalent bonds
b. Ionic bonds d. Peptide bonds
22. Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in plants for structural support?
a. Glucose c. Cellulose
b. Glycogen d. Starch
23. The structure of a phospholipid molecule consists of:
a. Three fatty acid chains
 3

b. Two glycerol molecules

c. A phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
d. Amino acids linked by peptide bonds

24. What type of bond is formed between amino acids in a protein chain?
a. Hydrogen bond c. Peptide bond
b. Ionic bond d. Covalent bond
25. The primary structure of a biological molecule refers to:
a. The overall three-dimensional shape
b. The sequence of amino acids or nucleotides
c. The presence of alpha-helices and beta-sheets
d. The interaction between different subunits
26. What is the primary function of water in living organisms?
a. Energy storage
b. Structural support
c. Solvent for biochemical reactions
d. Genetic information storage
27. What is the main function of RNA in cells?
a. Energy storage c. Structural support
b. Enzyme catalysis d. Protein synthesis
28. Which biomolecule is a major component of cell membranes and serves as a
long-term energy storage molecule?
a. Proteins c. Lipids
b. Carbohydrates d. RNA
29. Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of
glucose in animals?
a. Starch c. Cellulose
b. Glycogen d. Chitin
30. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
a. Energy storage and structural support c. Enzyme catalysis
b. Information storage d. Cell membrane formation
31. Which molecule is responsible for the catalysis of biochemical reactions in cells?
a. Proteins c. RNA
b. DNA d. Carbohydrates
32. What role do lipids play in cell membranes?
a. Energy storage c. Structural support
b. Solvent for reactions d. Forming a hydrophobic barrier
33. Which biomolecule is composed of nucleotides and involved in the transmission
of genetic information?
a. Proteins c. Lipids
b. RNA d. Carbohydrates
34. Which of the following is a monosaccharide commonly used as a source of
energy in cellular respiration?
a. Glucose c. Fructose
b. Galactose d. Sucrose
35. Which nucleic acid carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm for protein synthesis?
a. DNA c. mRNA
b. tRNA d. rRNA
36. What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?
a. Energy storage
b. Cellular structure
c. Information storage
d. Catalyzing chemical reactions
 4

37. Which type of protein is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?
a. Antibodies c. Insulin
b. Collagen d. Hemoglobin

38. What is the primary function of structural proteins in the body?

a. Speeding up chemical reactions
b. Providing support and shape to cells and tissues
c. Acting as messengers for cell communication
d. Storing genetic information
39. Which protein plays a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and
binding to foreign substances?
a. Insulin c. Hemoglobin
b. Antibody d. Enzymes
40. Enzymes are specific in their action, meaning:
a. They can work on any type of substrate
b. They only work in the presence of oxygen
c. They have a unique substrate specificity
d. They are not involved in chemical reactions
41. What is the function of the bacterial capsule?
a. DNA storage
b. Protection against phagocytosis
c. Cellular division
d. Nutrient absorption
42. The primary function of the bacterial cell wall is to:
a. Provide rigidity and shape
b. Store genetic material
c. Facilitate cell motility
d. Synthesize ATP
43. Pili in bacterial cells are primarily involved in:
a. Nutrient absorption c. DNA transfer during conjugation
b. Cell division d. Photosynthesis
44. Fimbriae in bacterial cells play a role in:
a. Protection against antibiotics
b. Attachment to surfaces
c. Facilitating cellular respiration
d. Synthesizing enzymes
45. What is the function of a bacterial mesosome?
a. Energy production
b. Protein synthesis
c. Cell division
d. DNA replication and segregation
46. Plasmids in bacterial cells are responsible for:
a. Providing structural support c. Energy storage
b. Carrying extra-chromosomal genetic material d. Enzyme synthesis
47. The primary role of the bacterial capsule is to protect the cell from:
a. Desiccation c. Phagocytosis
b. UV radiation d. Temperature fluctuations
48. Which bacterial structure is involved in adherence to host tissues during
infection?
a. Mesosome c. Pili
b. Fimbriae d. Capsule
49. The bacterial cell wall is composed mainly of:
a. Lipids c. Proteins
 5

b. Nucleic acids d. Peptidoglycan

50. Pili are essential for bacterial:
a. Locomotion c. DNA replication
b. Conjugation d. Protein synthesis

51. What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?
a. Energy production c. DNA storage
b. Selective barrier d. Protein synthesis
52. Which cellular structure is responsible for the movement of substances into and
out of the cell?
a. Nucleus c. Mitochondrion
b. Cilia d. Plasma membrane
53. What cellular appendages are involved in cell motility and moving substances
along the cell surface?
a. Flagella c. Nucleolus
b. Smooth ER d. Vacuole
54. Where is the genetic material of the cell stored?
a. Mitochondrion c. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus d. Ribosome
55. What is the function of the nucleolus in a eukaryotic cell?
a. Protein synthesis c. RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly
b. Lipid synthesis d. ATP production
56. Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in a eukaryotic cell?
a. Golgi apparatus c. Smooth ER
b. Ribosome d. Mitochondrion
57. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is studded with what cellular structures that
are involved in protein synthesis?
a. Ribosomes c. Peroxisomes
b. Vacuoles d. Cilia
58. What is the primary function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a
eukaryotic cell?
a. Lipid synthesis and detoxification
b. Protein synthesis
c. Ribosome assembly
d. ATP production
59. Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for
secretion or transport within the cell?
a. Mitochondrion c. Golgi apparatus
b. Peroxisome d. Nucleus
60. Where do peroxisomes primarily carry out their functions, such as breaking
down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances?
a. Nucleus c. Rough ER
b. Golgi apparatus d. Throughout the cytoplasm
61. What is the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production through
cellular respiration?
a. Mitochondrion c. Chloroplast
b. Ribosome d. Nucleus
62. In which organelle does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
a. Mitochondrion c. Chloroplast
b. Vacuole d. Golgi apparatus
63. What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Storage of water, nutrients, and waste
 6

c. Energy production
d. Ribosome assembly

64. Which cellular structure provides structural support and protection to plant
cells?
a. Cell membrane c. Vacuole
b. Cell wall d. Nucleolus
65. What connects adjacent plant cells, allowing them to communicate and share
resources?
a. Chloroplast c. Plasmodesmata
b. Extracellular matrix d. Nucleus
66. In animal cells, what extracellular structure provides support, adhesion, and
regulation of cell activity?
a. Cell wall b. Extracellular matrix
c. Vacuole d. Plasmodesmata
67. What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in a eukaryotic cell?
a. Synthesizing proteins
b. Providing structural support and maintaining cell shape
c. Energy production
d. Lipid synthesis
68. Which cytoskeletal elements are involved in cell motility and transport of
organelles within the cell?
a. Microtubules and microfilaments
b. Intermediate filaments
c. Microfilaments and intermediate filaments
d. Microtubules and intermediate filaments
69. What organelle is responsible for the breakdown of cellular waste and recycling
of cellular components?
a. Peroxisome c. Vacuole
b. Lysosome d. Smooth ER
70. What is the function of cilia in a eukaryotic cell?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Cell motility and moving substances along the cell surface
c. Lipid synthesis
d. DNA storage
71. Which cellular structure is involved in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification
of drugs and poisons?
a. Lysosome c. Peroxisome
b. Smooth ER d. Rough ER
72. What is the primary role of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
a. Synthesizing lipids
b. Energy production
c. Protein synthesis
d. RNA synthesis
73. In which organelle do the initial stages of protein synthesis occur?
a. Golgi apparatus c. Ribosome
b. Nucleus d. Smooth ER
74. Which cellular structure contains enzymes involved in various metabolic
processes, including the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide?
a. Peroxisome c. Lysosome
b. Vacuole d. Golgi apparatus
 7

75. What is the primary function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

a. Energy production
b. DNA storage and control of cellular activities
c. Protein synthesis
d. Lipid synthesis

GOOD LUCK!