Renewable Energy

Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY

NISU Main Campus, V. Cudilla Sr. Ave, Estancia, Iloilo
Reg. No. 97Q19783
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Mechanical Engineering Department
RENEWABLE ENERGY: HYDRO ELECTRIC
POWER PLANT
A hydroelectric power plant harnesses the energy of flowing

water to generate electricity, making it a cornerstone of
renewable energy. By utilizing the kinetic energy of water
through turbines, these plants convert water's movement into
electrical power. Reservoirs or dams store water, allowing
controlled release to spin turbines, which then activate
generators to produce electricity. This process produces clean,
renewable energy without emitting greenhouse gases or pollutants,
making hydroelectric power an eco-friendly and sustainable energy
source. Its reliability, scalability, and minimal environmental
impact contribute to its prominence in the global pursuit of
clean energy solutions.
The distribution of electricity from these plants involves a

series of steps:
1. Generation of Electricity: Hydroelectric plants generate

electricity through turbines powered by flowing water. The
produced electricity is in the form of high-voltage
alternating current (AC).
2. Step-Up Transformers: The generated electricity initially
passes through step-up transformers. These devices increase
the voltage to facilitate efficient long-distance
transmission.
3. Transmission Lines: High-voltage transmission lines carry
the electricity over long distances from the power plant to
various substations. These lines minimize energy loss during
transmission.
Reg. No. 97Q19783
4. Substations and Transformers: At substations, the

electricity undergoes voltage reduction through step-down
transformers, making it safer for local distribution.
5. Local Distribution: Lower-voltage distribution lines deliver
electricity from substations to homes, businesses, and
industries within the community.
The distribution process ensures that the electricity generated

by hydroelectric plants reaches homes and businesses reliably and
efficiently. The availability of electricity from these plants
contributes significantly to a community's energy stability and
sustains various essential services and industries.
Reg. No. 97Q19783
There is several water reservoirs located in the Philippines, The

four major groundwater reservoirs are in Cagayan, Central Luzon,
Agusan, and Cotabato. There are 438 major dams and 423 smaller
dams. Dams and reservoirs are mainly used for water storage,
water supply, irrigation, regulation of flood, and hydropower.
The Barotac Viejo Small Reservoir Irrigation Project (BVSRIP,

or locally known as Barotac Viejo Dam, began operating in 2019)
is NIA sponsored undertaking in Barangay Nueva Invencion, Barotac
Viejo, Iloilo, Philippines . It is expected to irrigate 2,050
hectares of farmlands and will benefit almost a thousand farmers.
The design of the hydroelectric power plant at Barotac Viejo Dam

encompasses several key elements that optimize the utilization of
water resources to generate electricity efficiently and
sustainably. Barotac Viejo Dam is strategically situated to
harness the water flow of a river or reservoir. The dam structure
is designed to impound water, creating a reservoir that ensures a
Reg. No. 97Q19783
steady and controlled flow for electricity generation. Intake and

Penstock System:
At the dam, an intake structure is positioned to draw water from

the reservoir or river. The water is then directed through a
series of pipes known as penstocks. These penstocks guide the
water downhill, utilizing gravity's force to increase pressure
and flow speed, driving turbines at the power plant.
Turbines and Generators:
The penstock channels the high-pressure water flow to spin

turbines within the power plant. The design involves modern
turbines optimized for maximum energy conversion. As the turbines
rotate, the power generators, converting mechanical energy into
electrical energy.
Electrical Infrastructure:
The electrical infrastructure within the power plant includes

transformers and switchgear to manage and regulate the
electricity produced. The generated electricity is converted from
the turbines' rotational energy into high-voltage alternating
current (AC) suitable for transmission and distribution.
Environmental Considerations:
The design of the Barotac Viejo Dam hydroelectric power plant

likely incorporates environmental considerations. Measures such
as fish ladders or passages may be integrated to facilitate the
migration of aquatic life, minimizing disruption to local
ecosystems.
Control and Monitoring Systems:
Sophisticated control and monitoring systems are implemented to

manage water flow, turbine speed, and electricity output. These
Reg. No. 97Q19783
systems optimize the plant's efficiency, ensuring safe and

reliable operation while adhering to environmental regulations.
Community Impact and Benefits:
The design might also account for community impact, potentially

including provisions for recreational areas around the dam or
initiatives for local community development supported by the
revenue generated by the power plant.
In summary, the design of the hydroelectric power plant at

Barotac Viejo Dam incorporates modern engineering principles
focused on efficient energy conversion, environmental
sustainability, and community considerations, harnessing the
power of water to generate clean and renewable electricity for
the community.
Reg. No. 97Q19783
DESIGN
OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUBMITTED BY:
MA. ROSE D. INTILA
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. LOVELL O. BARIA, D.I.T

Reg. No. 97Q19783
DESIGN
OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUBMITTED BY:
PAUL JOSEPH S. BACHILLER
SUBMITTED TO:

Reg. No. 97Q19783
DESIGN
OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUBMITTED BY:
JOHN CARLO B. JORDAN
SUBMITTED TO:

Reg. No. 97Q19783
DESIGN
OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUBMITTED BY:
JOHN LISTER A. ROBISO
SUBMITTED TO:

Reg. No. 97Q19783
DESIGN
OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUBMITTED BY:
JAN A. ENERO
SUBMITTED TO:

Reg. No. 97Q19783
DESIGN
OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUBMITTED BY:
PAUL ASUPRA
SUBMITTED TO:

Reg. No. 97Q19783
DESIGN
OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUBMITTED BY:
KERK REINNER RAPUSO
SUBMITTED TO:

Reg. No. 97Q19783
DESIGN
OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUBMITTED BY:
RONIEL HAUDAR
SUBMITTED TO:

Reg. No. 97Q19783
DESIGN
OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUBMITTED BY:
MICHAEL LAWRENCE D. BARRIOS
SUBMITTED TO:

Reg. No. 97Q19783
DESIGN
OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SUBMITTED BY:
ANDREW DELLOMES
SUBMITTED TO:

Renewable Energy

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Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY

Mechanical Engineering Department