[C021/SQP155]

Advanced Higher Ti m e : 3 hours NATIONAL

Building and QUALIFICATIONS
Architectural Technology
Specimen Question Paper

100 marks are allocated to this paper.

Attempt questions in each of the Sections as follows:

Section A – Answer questions 1, 2 and 3 (10 marks each)

and
either question 4 or question 5 (10 marks).

Section B – Answer any two questions (18 marks each).

Section C – Answer one question only (24 marks).

Worksheets are provided for Questions 7, 8, 9 and 10 (Sections B and C).

Hand these in with your Answer Book.

The following design data booklets are provided with the paper:
Data Booklet for Question 9 (Section C);
Data Booklet for Question 10 (Section C).
You will only need to use one of the booklets.

[C021/SQP155] 1 ©
 SECTION A

Attempt questions 1, 2, 3 and EITHER question 4 OR question 5 in this Section

(total 40 marks)
Marks

1. A new six-storey framed building, with a 4 metre deep basement, is to be

constructed on a city centre site which is close to a river.
(a) Identify four aspects of the ground investigation report which would be of
interest to the engineer in the design of the foundations for the building. 4
(b) Study the borehole log shown in Figure Q1(b). Describe, with the aid of
annotated sketches, an appropriate ground water control system which may
be adopted by the contractor during the excavation and the construction of
the basement. Give reasons for your choice of system. 6
(10)
DESCRIPTION REDUCED LEGEND REMARKS
LEVEL

GROUND LEVEL 92.00

TOP SOIL 91.80

MADE GROUND (sand,

gravel, ash, brick and pottery)
91.00

COMPACT SANDY SOIL

moisture present at
2.0 metres

water present in the

borehole at 2.50 metres
89.00

DENSE BROWN COURSE

GRAVEL

END OF BOREHOLE 86.00

Figure Q1(b)

[C021/SQP155] 2 Page two

 Marks
2. A developer proposes to construct a six-storey framed building on a city centre
corner site. The ground floor will be used for commercial shops and the
remaining floors for luxury residential apartments.
(a) Compare the benefits of specifying a steel frame for the building rather than
a precast concrete or an in-situ concrete frame. 4
(b) Describe, with the aid of annotated sketches, two methods of providing fire
protection to the structural steelwork. 4
(c) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the precautions necessary in the design of
the steel frame to resist wind loading. 2
(10)

3. The external wall construction for a framed building is to include aluminium

rainscreen cladding panels.
(a) Prepare a vertical section through a wall, to an approximate scale of 1:10, to
illustrate the relationship between the rainscreen cladding and the internal
wall finish. Include all necessary notes and critical dimensions to ensure
compliance with current standards. 6
(b) Explain the meaning of the term “pressure equalisation” in the design of
a curtain wall or rainscreen cladding system and state two detail design
features which attain it. 4
(10)

[C021/SQP155] 3 Page three

 Marks
Answer Question 4 OR Question 5

4. (a) (i) Briefly explain why the house shown in Figure Q4(a)(i) may be said to
have correct visual scale. 1

Figure Q4(a)(i)

(ii) What makes the group of buildings shown in Figure Q4(a)(ii) appear
to be out of proportion? 2

Figure Q4(a)(ii)

(iii) Illustrate graphically, the difference between scale and proportion. 2

[C021/SQP155] 4 Page four

 Marks
4. (continued)

(b) (i) Briefly explain what is meant by each of the following terms as used in
architectural design:
(1) form; 1
(2) function; 1
(3) mass. 1
(ii) Produce a sketch to show the relationship between form, function and
mass as used in architectural design. 2
(10)

5. (a) Identify four items of spatial information which would be collected during a
measured survey of an existing building. 4
(b) A church in the centre of an historic county town is being considered for
re-development as a nightclub. As a member of the design team, you are
asked to consider the factors that could affect decisions on the project. State
one factor in each of the following categories:
(i) social factors;
(ii) functional factors;
(iii) technical factors. 3
(c) The walls of the church building are constructed of 600 mm thick sandstone
and the internal lath and plaster finish will require to be removed. Explain,
with the aid of an annotated sketch, how a suitable replacement finish,
providing better thermal insulation, could be provided. 3
(10)

[C021/SQP155] 5 Page five

 SECTION B

Attempt any TWO questions in this Section (total 36 marks)

Marks
6. (a) Explain what is meant by the following terms relating to foundation design:
(i) settlement; 2
(ii) subsidence. 2
(b) An extract from a surveyor’s field notes is shown in Figure Q6(b). This
provides details of cracking on the elevation of a building. Describe possible
causes for the cracks in each of the locations indicated. 6

DIAGONAL VERTICAL CRACK

CRACK

DIAGONAL FACING BRICK

CRACK

11 000 30 000

FRONT ELEVATION

Figure Q6(b)

(c) An existing masonry wall of a three-storey building, which is showing signs

of serious failure, is to be underpinned with mass concrete.
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a suitable sequence of operations for the
underpinning. 8
(18)

[C021/SQP155] 6 Page six

 Marks
7. A small office development is to be constructed on a city centre site adjacent to
existing buildings. The site is over a deep bed of sandy gravel.
(a) Explain the following terms as they relate to types of pile foundations:
(i) replacement pile; 1
(ii) displacement pile. 1
(b) (i) Select a suitable type and system of pile for the project, giving reasons
for your choice. 2
(ii) Describe, with the aid of annotated sketches, the construction sequence
for the pile system selected. 6
(c) Worksheet Q7 shows an incomplete vertical section through a single-storey
basement wall. The internal accommodation of the basement is to be used
for offices.
Using the worksheet, complete the drawing to an approximate scale, to
show:
(i) a suitable system of waterproofing the basement;
(ii) a suitable basement floor construction;
(iii) a suitable basement wall construction. 8
(18)

8. A new prestige high-rise city centre office development is to be constructed

using a steel frame.
(a) Discuss the performance standards that would need to be satisfied in the
design and specification of the flooring element of the project. 4
(b) (i) Select an appropriate system of floor construction for the building and
clearly justify your selection. 2
(ii) Worksheet Q8 shows an incomplete section through the steel frame.
Using the worksheet, complete the drawing to an approximate scale to
show the construction of the floor and ceiling, including finishes for a
typical office. Include notes to ensure compliance with current
standards. 7
(c) The flat roof of the building is to be of “warm roof” construction and is to
be finished with a flexible PVC waterproofing system, mechanically fastened
through to a steel deck.
Prepare a fully annotated section through the roof to illustrate the
construction and the detail fixing of the roof finish. 5
(18)

[C021/SQP155] 7 Page seven

 SECTION C

Attempt ONE question in this Section (24 marks)

Marks
9. You have been asked to design a layout for the bedroom of a 16 year old. A
dimensioned plan of the room is provided in the Data Booklet for Question 9
along with ergonomic and anthropometric data and typical sizes of furniture for
the room. Worksheet Q9 shows a plan of the room to an approximate scale of
1:20.
Using the worksheet where possible, and the data booklet:
(a) complete the plan of the bedroom showing the layout of furniture, etc. You
may use the furniture shown in the data booklet or any furniture of your
choice; 5
(b) dimension the plan, indicating spaces in the room as well as furniture sizes; 3
(c) present the plan in a clear and attractive manner; 2
(d) specify if the room is designed for a boy or a girl. Explain your choice of
furniture with particular reference to the sex of the occupant and use of the
room; 3
(e) explain, with the aid of sketches if necessary, how you used the ergonomic
and anthropometric details in making decisions regarding the layout of the
room and the choice of furniture; 4
(f) using an appropriate medium, produce a three-dimensional illustration to
display your room layout to best advantage. 7
(24)
All graphical work should be freehand.
A4 sheets of tracing paper are available if you require them to develop
your layout. You DO NOT need to hand these in. Hand in the final
layout on the worksheet.

[C021/SQP155] 8 Page eight

 Marks
10. A measured survey has been completed of a church which is to be converted into
a nightclub. Details of the survey are provided in the Data Booklet for
Question 10.
As a member of the design team, you are working for the client on proposals for
the conversion.
Worksheet Q10 shows the upper floor plan to a scale of 1:200.

Complete the following tasks.

(a) Prepare a brief report on two problems which might be encountered with
the Planning Authority and how the scheme may be designed to avoid such
problems. 4
(b) Sketch, on Worksheet Q10, how you would divide the upper-floor Area 2
into a disco dance floor, a bar and a seating area. Indicate approximate
dimensions and prepare a short report explaining your decisions. 7
(c) Produce instrument-aided sketches of the following at approximately 1:5
scale:
(i) a method of supporting the proposed steel I-beams which will support
the new upper floor, at the existing external walls; 5
(ii) the junction of the slated roof and the external walls, showing the
provisions for thermal insulation and ventilation of the roof. 5
(d) Describe a suitable method of treating the rising damp in the existing walls. 3
(24)

[END OF QUESTION PAPER]

[C021/SQP155] 9 Page nine

[C021/SQP155] 10
 FOR OFFICIAL USE

[C021/SQP155]

Advanced Higher Ti m e : 3 hours NATIONAL

Building and QUALIFICATIONS
Architectural Technology
Specimen Question Paper
Worksheets for Questions 7, 8, 9 and 10

Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below.

Full name of centre Town

First name and initials Surname

Date of birth
Day Month Year Candidate number Number of seat

To be inserted inside the front cover of the candidate’s answer book and returned with it.

[C021/SQP155] 11 ©
 WORKSHEET Q7

reinforced concrete floor slab

[C021/SQP155]
12
ground level

reinforced concrete basement wall

temporary
sheet piling
3000

construction joint

Page two
construction joint

reinforced concrete base

SECTION THROUGH BASEMENT

 WORKSHEET Q8

1000 500 0

[C021/SQP155]
scale of millimetres

13
universal column

Page three
erection cleat universal beam

SECTION THROUGH THE STEEL FRAME

WORKSHEET Q9

PLAN OF ROOM Approx 1:20 Scale

[C021/SQP155] 14 Page four

WORKSHEET Q10

Area 2
UP

UP

PLAN OF AREA 2 Approx 1:200 Scale

[END OF WORKSHEET]

[C021/SQP155] 15 Page five

[C021/SQP155] 16
 [C021/SQP155]

Advanced Higher Ti m e : 3 hours NATIONAL

Building and QUALIFICATIONS
Architectural Technology
Specimen Question Paper
Data Booklet for Question 9

[C021/SQP155] 17 ©
QUESTION 9
DATA SHEET 1

200 mm
800 mm
1550 mm

4200 mm

BEDROOM
1100 mm

3200 mm
1550 mm

2800 mm

DIMENSIONS OF ROOM

[C021/SQP155] 18 Page two

QUESTION 9
DATA SHEET 2 for furniture sizes and bedroom ergonomics

400mm 900mm 700mm 1500mm

2000 mm

Space
required Space
round bed required
round bed
250mm

550mm

Single Bed Double Bed

400mm 800mm 1000mm

450mm

500mm

500mm

Distance from front of drawers approx 1000mm

3 Drawer 4 Drawer 6 Drawer

400mm 500mm 1000mm

Distance from front of drawers approx 1000mm

Bedside Single Double

Cabinet Wardrobe Wardrobe

[C021/SQP155] 19 Page three

QUESTION 9
DATA SHEET 3
ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA

900mm

1750mm
1550mm

800mm
500mm 600mm
Typical Male

600mm
1550 mm

500mm

Typical Female

[END OF DATA BOOKLET FOR QUESTION 9]

[C021/SQP155] 20 Page four
 [C021/SQP155]

Advanced Higher Ti m e : 3 hours NATIONAL

Building and QUALIFICATIONS
Architectural Technology
Specimen Question Paper
Data Booklet for Question 10

[C021/SQP155] 21 ©
QUESTION 10
DATA SHEET 1

St Andrews Church, High Street

Drawings produced from measured survey on further Data Sheets.

FABRIC REPORT

ELEMENT/CONSTRUCTION CONDITION
External Walls
600 mm sandstone Structurally sound
Painted outside Paint in poor condition
Lath and plaster inside Dry rot in lath
Internal Walls
Timber stud partitions Poor condition
Lath and plaster finish Some traces of dry rot
Non-loadbearing
Ground Floors
Suspended timber on dwarf walls Rising damp and no under floor
No solum treatment ventilation
Dry rot in joists
Upper Floor
Timber flooring on joists Damage to flooring and joists due
to roof collapse

Roof
Traditional purlin and rafter
construction with lath and plaster
ceiling
Slate covering on sarking
Very poor condition due to failure
in roof covering and roof drainage
Some collapse in central areas

Services
Gas, water, electricity and drainage All services in need of replacement
on site

RECOMMENDATIONS
Completely strip out all internal structure and finishes—floors, roof, internal walls
and lath and plaster finish.
Treat walls for dry rot.
Make building secure until renovation.

[C021/SQP155] 22 Page two

QUESTION 10
DATA SHEET 2

Area 1

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

UP
UP

UP
Foyer

GROUND FLOOR PLAN OF CHURCH

[C021/SQP155] 23 Page three

QUESTION 10
DATA SHEET 3

2375mm

4000mm 12 000 mm 4000 mm

20 000 mm
3000 mm
2375 mm
3000 mm

Area 2
21 500 mm
7750 mm
3000mm

UPPER FLOOR PLAN

UP

UP
Foyer
Upper

UPPER FLOOR PLAN OF CHURCH

[C021/SQP155] 24 Page four

QUESTION 10
DATA SHEET 4

FRONT ELEVATION

SIDE ELEVATION

CHURCH ELEVATIONS

[END OF DATA BOOKLET FOR QUESTION 10]

[C021/SQP155] 25 Page five

[C021/SQP155] 26
 [CO21/SQP155]

Advanced Higher NATIONAL

Building and QUALIFICATIONS
Architectural Technology
Specimen Marking Instructions

[CO21/SQP155] 27

©
Advanced Higher Building and Architectural Technology

Specimen Paper

Marking instructions and Specimen Answers

SECTION A

Marks
1. A new six-storey framed building with a 4 metre deep basement, is to be
constructed on a city centre site which is close to a river.

(a) Identify four aspects of the ground investigation report which would
be of interest to the engineer in the design of the foundations for the
building.

Description of each stratum

Depth and level of change of each stratum
Location of samples, disturbed and undisturbed
Location and results of field tests: eg penetration tests, vane test etc
Results of laboratory tests: eg chemical analysis (sulphates), pH value etc
Water levels and a record of each water strike

Any 4 from the above, 1 mark each. 4

(b) Study the borehole log shown in Figure Q1(b). Describe, with the
aid of annotated sketches, an appropriate ground water control
system which may be adopted by the contractor during the
excavation and the construction of the basement. Give reasons for
your choice of system.

Wellpoint system with suction pumps. 1

This is because water is present at 2.5m and the depth of the basement is
4.0m, and therefore the water level requires to be lowered during
construction of the basement. The wellpoint system is known to be ideal in
non-cohesive soils such as sandy gravels shown on the borehole log. 1

The wellpoint system consists of a number of small diameter vertical wells

(normally disposable) connected to a header pipe which is under vacuum
from a pump. The ground water is forced out of the soil by atmospheric
pressure into the header pipe, via the wellpoints, and discharged by the
pump. 2

Sketch shown on the following page. 2

(10)

[C021/SQP155] 28 Page two

 ΗΕΑ∆ΕΡ Π
HEADER ΙΠΕ
POINT ΦΛΕΞΙΒΛΕ Χ
FLEXIBLE ΟΝΝΕΧΤΙΟΝ
CONNECTION

4000
ΡΕΙΝΦΟΡΧΕ∆ ΧΟΝΧ
REINFORCED ΡΕΤΕ
CONCRETE
ΒΑΣΕΜ ΕΝΤ
BASEMENT
ΩΕΛΛΠΟΙΝΤ
WELLPOINT

ΝΕΩ
NEW ΩΑΤΕΡ LEVEL
WATER ΛΕςΕΛ

The 'Wellpoint' system.

[C021/SQP155] 29 Page three

2. A developer proposes to construct a six-storey framed building on a city Marks
centre corner site. The ground floor will be used for commercial shops and
the remaining floors for luxury residential apartments.

(a) Compare the benefits of specifying a steel frame for the building
rather than a precast concrete or an in-situ concrete frame.

The principle factors influencing the choice between steel and

concrete are:
Speed of erection
Cost
Floor construction
Size and nature of site
Spans and grid sizes
Accuracy
Adaptability/Late changes
Fire resistance
Services integration Any 4 points, one mark 4
each.

(b) Describe, with the aid of annotated sketches, two methods of

providing fire protection to the structural steelwork.

Methods of fire resistance: sprayed materials

intumesent coatings
clad steel in a board based system.
encase steel in concrete.

Any two from four. 4

BOARD BASED SPRAYED

ΒΟΑΡ∆ ΒΑΣΕ∆
SYSTEM ΣΠΡΑΨΕ∆
MATERIAL
ΣΨΣΤΕΜ ΜΑΤΕΡΙΑΛ

[C021/SQP155] 30 Page four

 (c) Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the precautions necessary in the Marks
design of the steel frame to resist wind loading.

Adequate lateral resistance must be provided and this may be

achieved by diagonal bracing to provide stiff vertical elements
capable of resisting wind pressure. 2
(10)

∆ΙΑΓΟΝΑΛΒΡΑBRACING
DIAGONAL ΧΙΝΓ ΤΟ TO
ΡΕΣΙΣΤ ΩΙΝ∆
RESIST WINDΠΡΕΣΣΥΡΕ
PRESSURE

STEEL
ΣΤΕΕΛ FRAME
ΛΦΡΑΜΕ

ΣΤΕΕΛ
STEELΛΦFRAME
ΡΑΜΕ

[C021/SQP155] 31 Page five

3. The external wall construction for a framed building is to include Marks
aluminium rainscreen cladding panels.

(a) Prepare a vertical section through a wall, to an approximate scale

of 1:10, to illustrate the relationship between the rainscreen
cladding and the internal wall finish. Include all necessary notes
and critical dimensions to ensure compliance with current
standards. 6
200

ΡΑΙΝΣΧΡΕΕΝΧΛΑ
RAINSCREEN ∆∆ΙΝΓ ΠΑΝΕΛPANELS
CLADDING Σ

ΙΝΤΕΡΝΑΛΩΑ
INTERNAL ΛΛΦΙΝΙΣΗ
WALL FINISH
ε.γ.PLASTERBOARD
EG ΠΛΑΣΤΕΡΒΟΑΡ∆ ΦΙΞΕ∆
FIXED
ΩΙΤΗΠ
WITH ΛΑΣΤΕΡ ∆ΑDABS
PLASTER ΒΣ.
ΙΝΣΥΛΑΤΙΟΝ
INSULATION

ΠΡΟΤΕΧΤΕ∆ ΟΠΕΝΙΝΓΣ
PROTECTED OPENINGS

AIR BARRIER ΑΙΡ ΒΑΡΡΙΕΡ

EGε.γ. ΧΟΝΧΡΕΤΕ ΒΛ
CONCRETE ΟΧΚΩΟΡΚ
BLOCK WORK

130

(b) Explain the meaning of the term “pressure equalisation” in the

design of a curtain wall or rainscreen cladding system and state two
detail design features which attain it.

Widely used technique, where the presence of an air space is

exploited as a means of controlling the effects of wind action. The
effects of kinetic energy, surface tension etc. are controlled by
incorporating baffles, labyrinths, drips and upstands in the joints in
the cladding assembly.

Design features are: protected openings, horizontal cavity closers;

vertical cavity closers and an air barrier on the internal side of the
cavity.
Any two. 4

(10)

[C021/SQP155] 32 Page six

4. (a) (i) Briefly explain why the house shown in Figure Q4(a)(i) may be Marks
said to have correct visual scale.

The candidate’s answer should cover the substance of the following:

A house should not be intimidating to normal users, so the scale

should be related to an average human.
The figure shows human forms beside the house at a size to suit the
door, steps etc. This gives the building correct visual scale
provided the human forms are in the same plane as the building. 1

(ii) What makes the group of buildings shown in Figure Q4(a)(ii)

appear to be out of proportion?

The group shows a tall tower block beside lower buildings.

The tower block seems to be crushed by the lower buildings and the
lower buildings seem to be dominated by the tower block. 2

(iii) Illustrate graphically, the difference between scale and proportion.

This building shows all the elements, doors, windows and over-all
shape to be reasonably in proportion and the scale would normally
be assumed to be domestic. However the inclusion of the figure in
front shows that the building is much larger scale than domestic and
may indicate a much larger building.

Other examples are acceptable. 2

[C021/SQP155] 33 Page seven

 (b)(i) Briefly explain what is meant by each of the following terms as used Marks
in architectural design:

(1) form;
(2) function;
(3) mass.

Form is the structural system used e.g. framed, load bearing wall,
cross wall, space frame etc. 1
Function is what the building will be used for expressed in the
design e.g. school, offices, flats, church etc. 1
Mass is the relationship between the design and the apparent 'weight'
of the building. This is related to the size or volume of the building
and can be offset by use of openings, windows or different finishes. 1

(ii) Produce a sketch to show the relationship between form, function and
mass as used in architectural design.

The sketch shows an aircraft hanger beside a domestic scale building.

The hanger is massive beside the smaller building and the shape of the
hanger expresses the structural form from which it was created and
also the functional requirement of large uninterrupted space internally.

Any other suitable example will be acceptable. 2

(10)

5. (a) Identify four items of spatial information which would be collected

during a measured survey of an existing building.

Any four items will be acceptable, such as:

Position of walls
Position of doors and windows
Position of services
Heights of sills, heads, ceilings etc. 4x1 4

[C021/SQP155] 34 Page eight

 (b) A church in the centre of an historic county town is being considered for Marks
re-development as a nightclub. As a member of the design team, you
are asked to consider the factors that could affect decisions on the
project. State one factor in each of the following categories:

(i) social factors;

(ii) functional factors;
(iii) technical factors.

The candidate’s answer must cover one relevant factor in each category.
Acceptable factors are as follows:

(i) Social factors could include the special memories a church might
have for those of the public married or baptised etc in the church.
The objectors would have to be appeased in some way. 1

(ii) Functional factors could include the shape of the existing building,
the floor to floor/ceiling heights, the position of openings etc. 1

(iii) Technical factors could include the cost to upgrade the fabric to
current standards e.g. thermal insulation, damp proofing, requirement
for new opening may not be allowed etc. 1

(c) The walls of the church building are constructed of 600mm thick
sandstone and the internal lath and plaster finish will require to be
removed. Explain, with the aid of an annotated sketch, how a suitable
replacement finish, providing better thermal insulation, could be
provided.

One solution would be to strap the walls and add insulation between
the straps, with all necessary vapour protection.
External insulation would not be acceptable as the outside appearance
would be altered.

Polythene vapour barrier

on stone inner face
100mm insulation between 100
50mm battens
12·5mm foil backed plasterboard

3
(10)

[C021/SQP155] 35 Page nine

 SECTION B

Marks

6. (a) Explain what is meant by the following terms relating to foundation

design:

(i) settlement;
(ii) subsidence.

(i) Settlement is downward movement brought about by the

pressure from a foundation causing compression of the ground. It
is the differential settlement of one part of a building relative to
another that produces distortion and cracking. 2

(ii) Subsidence is the sudden downward movement of the ground

brought about by an activity in the ground such as mining, soil
erosion, removal of water from the ground (particularly in clay
soils), compression of loose or man-made fill etc. 2

(b) An extract from a surveyor’s field notes is shown in Figure Q6(b). This
provides details of cracking on the elevation of a building. Describe
possible causes for the cracks in each of the locations indicated.

Diagonal cracks
Subsidence caused by:
Mining below ground
Soil erosion
Frost heave
Shrinkage of clay soil caused by removal of water either by trees or
prolonged hot weather.
Man-made fill at that corner of the building. Any three for 3 marks 3

Vertical crack
Tension cracks caused by thermal and moisture movements. Lack of
any movement joints in masonry.
Swelling of a clay subsoil in prolonged wet weather.
Moisture expansion of clay bricks. 3

[C021/SQP155] 36 Page ten

 (c) An existing masonry wall of a three-storey building, which is showing Marks
signs of serious failure, is to be underpinned with mass concrete.
Describe, with the aid of a sketch, a suitable sequence of operations
for the underpinning.

Excavate to the required depth systematically in adjoining bays

beneath the existing foundation.
Fill the excavation with concrete and then pin up the small gap
between the old and new foundation with slate and dense mortar.
The sequence is indicated by the numbers on the sketch below. 4

Sketch 4
(18)

[C021/SQP155] 37 Page eleven

7. A small office development is to be constructed on a city centre site Marks
adjacent to existing buildings. The site is over a deep bed of sandy
gravel.

(a) Explain the following terms as they relate to types of pile

foundations:
(i) replacement pile;
(ii) displacement pile.

(i) A replacement pile is constructed by removing ground

(normally by boring) and replacing it with reinforced
concrete or grout. 1
(ii) A displacement pile is constructed by displacing the
ground laterally by driving in a preformed pile or tube. 1

(b) (i) Select a suitable type and system of pile for the project,
giving reasons for your choice.

Continuous flight auger (CFA)

Displacement pile such as driven precast or driven cast-
in-place piles should not be used near existing buildings
as the displacement may disturb the adjacent
foundations. Vibrations may be a problem together with
noise polution from driving. CFA is a replacement pile
which is relatively quiet and will not disturb adjacent
foundations. These piles are also suitable in a wide
variety of soils 2

(ii) Describe, with the aid of annotated sketches, the

construction sequence for the pile system selected.

[C021/SQP155] 38 Page twelve

 (c) Worksheet Q7 shows an incomplete vertical section through a Marks
single-storey basement wall. The internal accommodation of
the basement is to be used for offices.

Using the worksheet, complete the drawing to an approximate

scale to show:

(i) a suitable system of waterfproofing the basement;

(ii) a suitable basement floor construction;
(iii) a suitable basement wall construction.

Worksheet Q7 attached. 8

(18)

[C021/SQP155] 39 Page thirteen

 W O RK SH EET Q 7 NOTEΝΟΤΕ
ΟΤΗΕΡ
OTHER ΣΟΛΥΤΙΟΝΣ ΩΙΛ
SOLUTIONS ΛΒΕ ΑΧΧΕΠΤΑΒΛ
WILL Ε.
BE ACCEPTABLE
M arks awarded shown in ΣΤΥ∆ΕΝΤΣSHOULD
STUDENTS ΣΗΟΥΛ∆ ΒΕBE ΑΩΑΡΕ
AWAREΤΗΑΤ ΤΗΙΣ
THAT ΙΣ ΑTHIS
ΓΡΑ∆ΕIS3 AΒΑΣΕΜΕΝΤ
GRADEΤΟ 3 BASEMENT TO
brackets. Total 8 m arks ΒΣ 8102:1990 ( Χοδε οφ πραχτιχε φορ Προτεχτιον
BS 8102 1990 (CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PROTECTION οφ στρυχτρεσ αγαινστ
OF STRUCTURES AGAINST
ωατερ φροµ τηε γρουνδ ) ΡΕΘΥΙΡΙΝΓ Α ∆ΡΨΕΝς ΙΡΟΝΜΕΝΤ.
WATER FROM THE GROUND) REQUIRING A DRY ENVIRONMENT
reinforced concrete floor slab

CONCRETE
ground level HOLLOW
BLOCKS LAID
ΧΟΝΧΡΕΤΕ ΗΟΛΛΟΩ
DRY (1)
ΒΛΟΧΚΣ ΛΑΙ∆ ∆ΡΨ( 1)
ΣΥΣΠΕΝ∆Ε∆ ΧΕΙΛ
SUSPENDED ΙΝΓ
CEILING
TANKING MEMBRANE
ΤΑΝΚΙΝΓ ΜΕΜΒΡΑΝΕ ( 1) (1) ΛΙΓΗΤΩΕΙΓΗΤ ΧΟΝΧΡΕΤΕ
LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETEΒΛΟΧΚBLOCK
reinforced concrete basem ent w all

3000
ΙΝΣΥΛΑΤΕ∆ ΠΛΑΣΤΕΡΒΟΑΡ∆
INSULATED PLASTERBOARD
tem porary sheet piling ∆ΡΨΛΙΝΙΝΓ
DRY ( 2) (2)
LINING

ΡΑΙΣΕ∆ ΑΧΧΕΣΣ
RAISED ACCESS FLOORΦΛΟΟΡ ΩΙΤΗ
WITH
ΙΝΣΥΛΑΤΙΟΝ
INSULATION BELOWΒΕΛΟΩ ΤΗΕFLOOR
THE ΦΛΟΟΡ ( 1)(1)
construction joint
construction joint

ΓΡΑΝΥΛΑΡFILL
GRANULAR ΦΙΛΛ
ΩΑΤΕΡ BAR
WATER ΒΑΡ ΩΑΤΕΡ BAR
WATER ΒΑΡ ( (½)
) D.P.M. (1)
∆.Π.Μ. ( 1)
reinforced concrete base

ΠΕΡΦΟΡΑΤΕ∆ ΛΑΝ∆
PERFORATED ∆ΡΑΙΝ
LAND ( 1)
DRAIN (1)
ΒΛΙΝ∆ΙΝΓ ΧΟΝΧΡΕΤΕ
BLINDING CONCRETE (  ) (½)

SEC TIO N TH R O U G H BA SEM ENT

[C021/SQP155] 40 Page fourteen

8. A new prestige high-rise city centre office development is to be constructed Marks
using a steel frame.

(a) Discuss the performance standards that would need to be satisfied

in the design and specification of the flooring element of the project.

Provide a level surface with sufficient strength to support the
dead and imposed loads as set down in current standards.

Provide compartmentation and fire resistance between offices
on different floors to comply with current standards.

Provide a level surface to receive the chosen finish.

Provide resistance to the passage of sound between floors. 4

(b)(i) Select an appropriate system of floor construction for the building

and clearly justify your selection.

Composite floor comprising a profiled metal deck and in-situ

reinforced concrete. This floor system uses the profiled metal deck
as permanent formwork for an in-situ concrete slab and hence
speeds up construction work. The metal deck also acts as bottom
reinforcement to the slab. Good sound insulation and fire resistance
is also achieved. 2

(ii) Worksheet Q8 shows an incomplete section through the steel frame.

Using the worksheet, complete the drawing to an approximate scale

to show the construction of the floor and ceiling, including finishes
for a typical office. Include notes to ensure compliance with current
standards.

Solution on the attached Worksheet Q8. 7

[C021/SQP155] 41 Page fifteen

WORKSHEET Q8

1000 500 0
ΒΟΑΡ∆SYSTEM
BOARD ΣΨΣΤΕΜΦΙΡΕ
FIREΠΡΟΤΕΧΤΙΟΝ
PROTECTION scale of millimetres

universal column ΠΡΟΠΦ

PROP ΛΟΟΡ
FLOOR

ΙΝ−ΣΙΤΥCONCRETE
IN-SITU ΧΟΝΧΡΕΤΕ ΣΛΑΒ ( 1 )(1½)
SLAB

ΣΤΕΕΛ
STEELΛΡΕΙΝΦΟΡΧΕΜΕΝΤ ( 1 ) (1½)
REINFORCEMENT

ΣΗΕΑΡ ΣΤΥ∆Σ
SHEAR STUDS( 1) (1)

ΠΡΟΦΙΛΕ∆ ΜΕΤΑ
PROFILED Λ∆ΕΧ
METAL Κ( 1) (1)
DECK

erection cleat universal beam

ΜΑ ΡΚΣ
MARKS
ΣΥΙΤΑΒΛΕ ΦΛΟΟFLOOR
SUITABLE Ρ ΦΙΝΙΣΗFINISH
( 1 µ αρκ)(1 MARK)
ΣΥΣΠΕΝ∆Ε∆ Χ
SUSPENDED ΕΙΛΙΝΓ
CEILING ΣΥΙΤΑΒΛΕ ΧΕΙΛΙΝΓ
SUITABLE ΦΙΝΙΣΗ(FINISH
CEILING 1 µ αρκ) (1 MARK)
ΑAPPROPRIATE
ΠΠΡΟΠΡΙΑΤΕ ΦΛΟΟΡFLOOR
ΧΟΝΣΤΡΥΧ ΤΙΟΝ( 5 µ αρκσ) (5 MARKS)
CONSTRUCTION
SECTION THROUGH THE STEEL FRAME ΟΤΗΕΡ
OTHERΦΛΟΟ Ρ ΧΟΝΣΤΡΥΧ
FLOOR ΤΙΟΝΣΨΣΤΕΜΣ ΩΟ
CONSTRUCTION ΥΛ∆ ΒΕ ΑΧΧWOULD
SYSTEMS ΕΠΤΑΒΛΕ BE
ACCEPTABLE
SOLUTION

[C021/SQP155] 42 Page sixteen

 (c) The flat roof of the building is to be of “warm roof” construction Marks
and is to be finished with a flexible PVC waterproofing system,
mechanically fastened through to a steel deck.

Prepare a fully annotated section through the roof to illustrate the

construction and the detail fixing of the roof finish.

ΠςΧΩΑΤΕΡΠΡΟΟΦMEMBRANE
ΜΕΜΒΡΑΝΕ ΠΡΟΠΡΙΕΤΑΡΨ
ΨΜΕΤΑΛΒΑΡ
PVC WATERPROOF PROPRIETARY METAL BAR
ΜΕΧΗΑΝΙΧΑΛΛΨFASTENED
MECHANICALLY ΦΑΣΤΕΝΕ∆ ( 1)(1) ΣΧΡΕΩ ΦΙΞΕ∆ ΤΟ∆ΕΧΚ( 1)
SCREW FIXED TO DECK (1)

ΒΑΡΡΙΕΡ ΛΑΨ
BARRIER ΕΡ
LAYER ΠςΧΣΤΡΙΠ
PVC STRIP ΠΗΟAIR
HOT ΤΑΙΡWELDED
ΩΕΛ∆Ε∆ ( (½)
)

ΙΝΣΥΛΑΤΙΟΝ( 1)(1)
INSULATION

ςΑΠΟΥΡ ΒΑ
VAPOUR ΡΡΙΕΡ ( 1)(1)
BARRIER

ΣΤΕΕΛ
STEELΛ∆ΕΧΚ( (½)
DECK )

ΣΤΕΕΛ
STEEL ΛΥΝΙςΕΡΣΑΛΒΕΑ
UNIVERSAL Μ
BEAM

Marks awarded for the sketch shown in brackets, total 5

(18)

[C021/SQP155] 43 Page seventeen

SECTION C

9. Design of layout for the bedroom of a 16 year old. Marks

(a) Layout of furniture.

The design layout should show:

a suitable bed in an acceptable position

storage for clothes

storage for books etc

a work area (desk)

an area for TV/Video/games.

An exemplar layout is provided at the end of this section. 5

(b) Dimensions of furniture and spaces.

All important dimensions should be shown on the plan.

Furniture sizes should allow reasonable circulation space. 3

(c) Presentation of plan.

A clear free-hand plan, with neat annotation should be provided. 2

(d) Explanation of choice of furniture.

Boys and girls may have different activities in their rooms.

The candidate should explain the choice of furniture with reference to
the sex of the occupant.
3

(e) Use of ergonomic and anthropometric details.

The candidate should explain, using sketches if necessary, how the

anthropometric and ergonomic data were used in the design of the
layout.
4

(f) Three-dimensional illustration.

The standard of sketching, especially the 3-D view, will be

subjectively marked but will be a good indicator of the more able
candidate.

An exemplar 3-D view is provided at the end of this section. 7

(24)

[C021/SQP155] 44 Page eighteen

[C021/SQP155] 45 Page nineteen
[C021/SQP155] 46 Page twenty
 10. Conversion of church into nightclub. Marks

(a) Problems which might be encountered with the Planning Authority.

Candidate’s answer must cover two likely problems such as the

following:

The church may be a listed building or an important building

in the locality. This may rule out some alterations to frontages
etc. The problem may be resolved through consultation with
planning and local interest groups.

Neighbours may object for a number of reasons. A resolution

may be found by discussion of the issues with the objectors
and by consideration of ways to accommodate the objectors.

Noise may be a problem with a nightclub. It may be

controlled by sensors or by provision of a high standard of
insulation.

Parking and access to the nightclub may need to be improved.

2x2 4

(b) Design layout on worksheet and explanation of the design.

Any properly presented reasonable design solution will be

accepted. The access to the bar for customers and servicing must
be considered along with the positions of the dance floor and
seating. The explanation must clearly justify the chosen design.

An example of a suitable design solution is shown at the end of

this section.
Sketch 4
Explanation 3

(c) Instrument-aided sketches.

(i) A method of supporting the proposed steel I-beams which

will support the new upper floor.

The candidate must provide a 1:5 sketch of an appropriate

method of support, such as one the following:

Corbelled stone

Padstones on columns

Columns and beams

Hangers 5

[C021/SQP155] 47 Page twenty-one

 (ii) The junction of the slated roof and the external walls, Marks
showing the provisions for thermal insulation and
ventilation of the roof.

The candidate must provide a 1:5 sketch showing the

insulation between rafters (probably leaving the rafters
exposed) with slate vents at the eaves to provide
ventilation between the insulation and the underside of the
sarking. 5

(d) Describe a suitable method of treating the rising damp in the

existing walls.

The candidate should describe either:

Chemical injection or

Cutting in a physical DPC 3
(24)

[C021/SQP155] 48 Page twenty-two

 [END OF MARKING INSTRUCTIONS]

[C021/SQP155] 49 Page twenty-three

[C021/SQP155] 50