EEE120 Basic Electrical

Engineering
 EEE120 Basic Electrical Engineering

Textbook:
1. Engineering Circuit Analysis 9th Ed. by Hayt,…

References:
1. Fundamentals of Electric Circuits by Sadiku,..
2. Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis by Irwin,..
 EEE120 Basic Electrical Engineering

Analysis – understanding how circuit works, how

voltages, currents and powers in a circuit are
related.

Four categories:
DC Analysis, Transient Analysis,
AC Analysis, Frequency Response Analysis

Design – Synthesizing a circuit that will meet set of

pre-defined specifications.
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts

Circuit – interconnection of electrical devices

(elements) in which there is at least one
closed loop through which current can flow.
Example:
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts

Basic Quantities:
Charge
Current
Voltage
Power
Energy

SI (System International) units are used in these

quantities.
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts

SI unit prefixes:

milli (m): 10-3 tera (T): 1012

micro (): 10-6 giga (G) : 109

nano (n) : 10-9 mega (M): 106

pico (p): 10-12 kilo (k): 103

 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts

Basic Quantities: Charge

Charge – electrical property of atomic particles of which matter

consists.

Charge may also mean net charge.

(With this meaning, a body is charged if it has either an excess or
deficit of electrons)

Q or q is used as symbol for charge and measured with the unit called
Coulomb(C)

With this unit charge on electron

Qe = 1.6X10-19 C
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts
Basic Quantities: Current
Current - charge in motion.
- a rate at w/c charge is moving past a given reference
point in a specified direction.

- measured in Ampere(A)
1A = 1C/s
- symbol: I or i

Mathematically, current

i = dq / dt
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts

Basic Quantities: Current

Two most common types of

current:

Direct(dc) Current – does not

change with time

Alternating (ac) Current – varies

sinusoidally with time
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts
Basic Quantities: Current

When defining a current in a circuit, arrow must be included.

 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts

Basic Quantities: Voltage (potential difference)

Voltage is a measure of the energy required to

move a unit charge through an element.
- measured in volt(V = joule/Coulomb)
- symbol: V or v

Mathematically, voltage
v = dw / dq , w is energy
Voltage exists between two terminals
A plus –minus sign is part of the definition of
voltage.
Basic Electric Circuit Concepts
Voltage source acts as electrical pressure
that forces the electrons to move.

Voltage exists between two bodies when

there is a difference in their net
charges.

Two common types of voltage:

dc voltage
ac voltage
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts

How to generate voltage:

1. Friction – produced by rubbing certain
materials together.
2. Pressure(piezoelectricity)
3. Heat(Thermoelectricity)
4. Light
5. Chemical action
6. Magnetism
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts
Power – the time rate of expending or absorbing energy,
measured in Watt(W)
1W = 1 joule /sec
Mathematically , power p(t) or P is

p(t ) = dw / dt p (t ) = v (t )i (t )
P =isVI
Passive sign convention satisfied when the current I
enters the positive terminal of an element with voltage
V.

When passive sign convention is satisfied, P = VI is

absorbed, dissipated, or expended.
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts
Circuit Elements:

Circuit Element is a mathematical model of a physical device.

We classify circuit elements as either passive or active.

Passive elements cannot generate energy. Common examples of

passive elements are resistors, capacitors and inductors. We will
see later that capacitors and inductors can store energy but cannot
generate energy.

Active elements can generate energy. Common examples of active

elements are power supplies, batteries, operational amplifiers.

For the present time we will be concerned only with sources. The types
of sources we consider are independent and dependent.

15
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts
Circuit Elements: Ideal independent voltage source

An ideal independent voltage source is characterized as having a

constant voltage across its terminals, regardless of the load
connected to the terminals.

The ideal voltage source can supply any amount of current.

Furthermore, the ideal independent voltage source can supply any
amount of power.

The standard symbols of the ideal independent voltage source are

shown below.

Most often
Sometimes
v(t) _+ used E used

16
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts
Circuit Elements: Ideal independent current sources

An ideal independent current source is characterized as

providing a constant value of current, regardless of the load.

If the current source is truly ideal, it can provided any value

of voltage and any amount of power.

The standard symbol used for the ideal independent current

source is shown below.

i(t) 1 amp V 1 meg 

-

V=?

17
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts
Circuit Elements: Dependent voltage source

A dependent voltage source is characterized by depending on

a voltage or current somewhere else in the circuit. The symbol
For the voltage source is shown below. Note the diamond shape.

A circuit containing a dependent voltage source is shown below.

10  20 

Iy
30 
A circuit with a current
+ 12  controlled dependent
5V _ 10Iy
voltage source.
19
 Basic Electric Circuit Concepts
Circuit Elements: Dependent current source

A dependent current source is characterized by depending on

a voltage or current somewhere else in the circuit. The symbol
for a dependent current source is shown as follows:

A circuit containing a dependent current source is shown below.

10  20 

30 
+ A circuit with a voltage
+_ 4vx vx 12  controlled dependent
5V
_ current source
20