HOA REVIEWER I.

GEOGRAPHY
7,107 ORIGINAL PHILIPPINE ISLAND
HOA 4: REFLECTIONS ON 7,641 RECENT PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES: BENHAM RISE
DANTAYAN ISLAND
THEIR CHANGES AND CHALLENGES IN
CONTEMPORARY LIFE AND THE
II. GEOGRAPHICAL & CLIMATIC
IDEOLOGY OF CONSERVING ITS INFLUENCE
ARCHITECTURAL LEGACIES
CLIMATE: WET AND DRY
COURSE OUTCOMES:
BECAUSE OF THE NEIGHBOR COUNTRIES
1. TO DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE ON WE EXPERINECE:
DIFFERENT ARCHITECTURAL STYLES • EARTHQUAKE (PACIFIC RING OF
AND CHARACTER OF THE PHILIPPINES, FIRE)
RESULTING FROM THE DOMINANT • FLOOD
INFLUENCES AS MEANS OF • TSUNAMI
ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSIONS IN • TROPICAL CYCLONE
CREATING DESIGN COMPOSITION. • DROUGHT
o BECAUSE OF THE POSITION
ON THE EQUADOR
2. TO GAIN INSIGHT IN THE EVOLUTION
• EPIDEMIC
OF PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURAL
o BECAUSE WE ARE IN THE
STYLES, CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES MIDDLE OF THE SEA
FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE
HISTORY UNTIL THE CURRENT STYLE
OF ARCHITECTURE AND IDENTIFY THE
III. HISTORIC INFLUENCE
• 709,000 YEARS AGO – EVIDENCE OF
DISTINCT BUILDING TYPES OF HOMININS
VARIOUS ARCHITECTURAL PERIODS, • 50,000 – 67,000 YEARS AGO – HOMO
THE ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS WHO LUZUNESIS CALLAO CAVE
PLAYED MAJOR ROLES AND ITS • 4TH & 5TH C BC – INDIANS
CONTRIBUTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT • 3RD & 4TH C AD – CHINESE
OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE • ARABS – CONVERTED SOME PARTS
PHILIPPINES. TO ISLAND ON 1300 AD
• TRADE CENTERS OF THE ORIENT
3. TO RECOGNIZE, APPRECIATE, AND – SULI WAS FREQUENTED BY SHIPS
VALUE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FORM CHINA, CAMBODIA,
PHILIPPINE HERITAGE SITES AND SUMARTA, JAVA, INDIA, ARABIA
STRUCTURES REFLECTING THE • SPANISH RULE:
CULTURE AND TRADITIONS OF THE o 1521 FERNDINAND
MAGELLAN LANDED
COUNTRY AND INTEGRATE IN
o 1564 MIGUEL LOPEZ DE
CREATING DESIGN SOLUTIONS. LEGAZPI – BROUGHT
CHRISTIANITY
o SYSTEMATICALLY AND
EFFICIENTIY
CHRISTIANIZED MOST PART
OF THE COUNTRY
o INTRODUCED EUROPEAN
INSTITUTION AND
THOUGHT
o ECONOMICALLY LINKED
MANILA WITH MEXICO AND
THE REST OF THE WORLD –
VIA THE SPANISH GALLEON
TRADE.
o BRIEF OCCUPATION BY THE
BRITISH FORCES (1762 –
1764) ATTEMPTED SEIZURE
BY DUTCH AND CHINESE
o 1868 – SPANISH
REVOLUTION WHEN QUEEN
ISABELA II DEPOSED
 o NATIONALIST MOVEMENT • IN ADDITION, 9 LIVING NON-INDIGENOUS
BY JOSE RIZAL, LANGUAGE ARE ESTABLISHE WITHIN THE
UNSUCCESFUL REVOLT BY COUNRY. ONE OF THERE, ENGLISH, IS
AGUINALDO ALSO AN OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF THE
o 1898 – SPANISH – AMERICAN COUNTRY.
WAR
o 1898 DECLARATION OF THE • IN FORMAL EDUCATION, 30 INDIGENOUS
PHILIPPINE INDEPENDES LANGUAGES ARE USED AS LANGUAGE
FROM SPANIARDS OF INSTRUCTION
o 1899 – 1930 – FIRST PHASE
OF CONSTITUTION
o 1941 – JAPANESE OCCUPIED LANGUAGE VITALITY COUNT
THE PHILIPPINES • INSTITUTIONAL (24)
o 1946 – THE PHILIPPINE • STABLE (103)
BECOME A REPUBLIC. • ENDANGERED (48)
• EXTINCT (2)
THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
FIRST REPUBLIC CAVE DWELLINGS
1. EMILIO AGUINALDO (1935 – 1901) • EARLIEST HUMAN HABITATION
COMMONWEALTH • TABON CAVE, PALAWAN HAD BEEN
2. MANUEL L. QUEZON (1935 – 1944) INHABITED FOR 30,00 YEARS
SECOND REPUBLIC • CAVES IN ANGONO, RIZAL WITH ANCIENT
3. JOSE P. LAUREL (1943 -1945) PETROGLYPHS
COMMONWEALTH
4. SERGIO OSMENA (1944 – 1946)
5. MANUEL ROXAS (1946 -1948)
THIRD REPUBLIC
6. ELPIDIO QUIRINO (1945 – 1953)
7. RAMON MAGSAYSAY (1953 -1957)
8. CARLOS GARCIA (1957 – 1961)
9. DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL ARROYO
(1961 – 1965)
FOURTH REPUBLIC
10. FERDINAND MARCOS SR. (1965 –
1986)
PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT TREE HOUSE
11. CORAZON AQUINO (1986 – 1992) • PERCHED ON FORKED BRANCHES OF
FIFTH REPUBLIC TREES, UP TO 60 FEET ABOVE THE GOUND
12. FIDEL RAMOS (1992 – 1998)
• PREVENTED ATTACKED BY ANIMALS AND
13. JOSEPH ESTRADA (1998 – 2001) HUMAN ENEMIES
14. GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO
• BY THE GABBANG AND KALINGA OF
(2001 – 2010)
LUZON
15. BENIGNO AQUINO III (2010 – 2016)
• MONOBO AND MANDAYA OF MINDANAO
16. RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE (2016 –
2022) • MOROS OF LAKE LANAO
17. FERNDINAD MARCOS JR. (2022 –
PRESENT)

FOREIGN INFLUENCES
• AUSTRONESIANS
• INDIANS
• CHINESE
• ARABS
• SPAIN 1521 – 1898
• GREAT BRITAIN 1762 – 1764
• AMERICA 1898 – 1940
• OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRY

• 175 LIVING INDEGENOUS LANGUAGE. ONE

OF THESE, FILIPINO, IS AN OFFICIAL
LANGUAGE OF THE COUNTRY. PHILIPPINES
WAS ALSO

• 2 INDEGENOUS LANGUAGES THAT ARE

NOW EXITINCT.
LEAN TOS
• WINDBREAKES OR WINSCREENS AS THE
FIRST ATTEMPT OF BUILDING
• SERVED AS SHELTES DURING A HUNTING
OR FOOD GATHERING JOURNEY
• MADE OF LIGHT BRANCHES AND FRONDS,
BUT STRONG ENOUGH TO WITHSTAND A
STORM
• NEGRITOS OF ZAMBALES
• AGTAS OF PALANAN, ISABELA
BINURON
• TRADITIONAL ISNEG HOUSE
• ROOF SUGGESTS AND INVERTED HULL
• EXPOSED FLOOR JOIST OUTSIDE SUGGEST
THE PROFILE OF A BOAT
• DATAG OR XASSARAN, MAIN SECTION
• TAMUYON, SLIGHT RAISDE PLATFORMS
ON THREE SIDES.

BAHAY KUBO OR NIPA HUT

• “BALAI” AND SPANISH “CUBO” OR CUBE –
CUBE SHAPED HOUSE FROM ITS BOXY BINAYON
APPEARANE • TRADITIONAL KALINGA HOUSE
• PRIMITIVE STYLE OF DWELLING • FINARYON
PROBABLY STARTED AROUND 200 BC, • OCTAGONAL PLAN: ECTERIOR FEATURES
WITH THE COMING OF IRON TOOLS ARE NOT STRONGLY DEFINED.
• WELL – ADAPTED TO TROPICAL CLIMATE • DATAGGON, CENTRAL SECTION
• OF WOOD, RATTAN, CANE, BAMBOO, PALM • SIPI, SLIGHT ELEVATED SIDE SECTIONS
LEAVES, COGON AND NIPA
• ELEVATED ONE TO FIVE FEET FROM THE
GOUND – SILONG
• PROTECTION FROM MOIST GROUND AND
FLOOD
• PROTECTION FROM VERMIN AND OTHER
ANIMALS
• ENCOLOSED ARE AS SLEEPING QUARTES
• SILONG USED FOR STORAGE FOR TOOLS
AND CROPS, AN ANIMAL ENCLOSURES, OR
BURIAL GROUND
• USUALLY WITH STEEP THATCH ROOF
• VARIES ACROSS REGIONAL AND ETHNIC
LINES
 BALE
• FALE. IFUGAO HOUSE
BINANGIYAN • ABONG, DWELLING FOR TH POOR.
• TRADITIONAL KANKANAI HOUSE • SUPPORT SYSTEM; FOUR POSTS, TWO
• APA OR INAPA FOR POORER FAMILIES’ GIRDERS, THREE JOISTS OR BEAMS
TEMPORARY ADOBE • HALIPAN, RATAN GUARD.
• ALLAO, MORE TEMPORARY • “THE HOUSE AS A WOMB”

BONTOC
• FAY – U – FRO THE AFFLUENT
• INAGAMANG – TRADITIONAL BONTOC
HOUSE IN SAGADA
• KATYUTONG, DWELLING FOR THE POOR
• KOL-LOB, RESIDENCE OF WIDOWS OR
UNMARRIED OLD WOMEN; CAN ALSO BE
CALLED KATYUFONG
• AGAMANG, UPPER-LEVEL GRANARY.
• AFONG, GENERAL TERM FOR A FAMILY
RESIDENCE
• ATO, COUNCIL HOUSE AND DORMITORY
OF THE YOUNG AND OLD UNMARRIED
MALES.
• ULOG OR OLOG, FEMALE DORMITORY.