Cloud Enterprise Resource Planning
Implementation: A Systematic Literature Review of
Critical Success Factors
Sunchai Tongsuksai
School of Food and Advanced School of Food and Advanced
Technology
Massey University
Auckland, New Zealand
S.tongsuksai@massey.ac.nz
Abstract— Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a well-
known business management system that enhances functional
efficiencies through integration of processes in a company.
Cloud ERP systems have recently evolved which are taking
precedence over on-premise ERP due to the convenience of
remote information access in real-time. The purpose of this
study is to investigate and identify the critical success factors
(CSFs) and the organisational, environmental, technological
and individual characteristics that impact implementation of
cloud ERP systems. 81 articles on cloud ERP implementation
were evaluated from various conferences and journals. This
study identifies 32 CSFs which influence implementation of
these systems and also develops an integrative model based on
the organisational, environmental, technological and
individual characteristics that could impact deployment of
cloud ERP systems. This study provides new insights into
cloud ERP adoption, its CSFs and offers more clarity to
information technology (IT) practitioners into the
characteristics that may impact cloud ERP implementation.
Keywords— enterprise resource planning (ERP), cloud
ERP systems, systematic literature review (SLR), critical success
factors (CSFs).
I. INTRODUCTION
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems help in
organising, defining, and standardising the business
processes essential to plan and control an organisation
effectively [1]. On-premise ERP systems are hosted by an
organisation and are required to handle their own
infrastructure, operating systems and software, as well as
database servers and hardware [2]. Nevertheless, on-
premise ERP systems become rather inconvenient for
acquiring information when accessed remotely. They
exhibit less trust and reliability because the data from the
system mostly are not in real-time [3]. Additionally, these
systems require a sophisticated infrastructure because the
companies are required to install both hardware and
software as part of their in-house implementation [4].
The cloud ERP systems can bring various advantages
over the on-premise ERP systems such as fast
implementation, low upfront costs, rapid upgrades and
updates, the capacity to handle change and growth, ability
to restore and back-up information at any time using devices
such as a computer or a tablet [5]. The implementation of
these systems is based on an application service provider
model which hosts the system at the clients’ end. Thus, the
cloud ERP systems have become more suitable since the on-
premise systems need to be purchased and maintained from
XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE
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Sanjay Mathrani Nazim Taskin
School of Management
Technology Massey University
Massey University Auckland, New Zealand
Auckland, New Zealand N.Taskin@massey.ac.nz
S.Mathrani@massey.ac.nz
company premises [6]. Moreover, these systems are
especially helpful in those firms which lack resources such
as budget, human resources or information technology (IT)
capabilities for implementation [7].
Based on the features of the cloud ERP systems and the
way it is managed, the influence of critical success factors
(CSFs) between the on-premise ERP and cloud ERP
systems may change. For example, in the on-premise ERP
systems, a success factor would be the requirement of expert
IT staff to maintain the system, whereas in a cloud ERP, the
system is managed by the cloud service providers (CSPs). It
is necessary to understand technological, organisational,
technological and people-related individual characteristics
and CSFs as they can lead to a successful implementation of
cloud ERP systems [8].
However, there is limited research in the area of cloud
ERP implementation, as few prior studies have investigated
cloud ERP systems implementation in organisations [6].
Moreover, prior research has focused either on the
technological, organisational and environmental
characteristics [9] or people-related individual
characteristics [10]. Thus, the research so far does not
broadly espouse on its own because it does not focus on all
the perspectives at different levels [11]. Therefore, the
present study develops an integrative model based on the
technological, organisational, environmental and people-
related individual characteristics which would impact the
implementation of cloud ERP systems. Additionally, the
study identifies CSFs that influence the implementation of
cloud ERP systems in companies. The aim of this study is
to investigate and identify the research, which relates to
technological, organisational, environmental and people-
related individual characteristics and CSFs for cloud ERP
implementation using a systematic literature review (SLR)
approach. The research questions which this study address
are:
1. What are the organisational, environmental,
technological and individual characteristics for
implementing cloud ERP systems?
2. What are the CSFs for cloud ERP implementation
in organisations?
The significance and contributions of the study are as
follows. First, the study provides new insights into the
understanding of cloud ERP implementation in
organisations. Second, the study offers more clarity to IT
practitioners into why companies should implement cloud
ERP systems. Finally, this study helps create an
understanding of the characteristics and factors that could
support implementation.
This study is structured in five sections. In section 2, the
study describes the literature review and theoretical
framework which are related to the cloud ERP systems.
Section 3 provides the research methodology which is used
in this study. In section 4, this study provides literature
review conduct which is comprised of searching strings and
database, exclusion criteria and selecting of the study and
data extraction. In section 5, this study provides the result of
CSFs and characteristics for cloud ERP systems, which are
captured from the SLR approach. Finally, the conclusion
and future research direction are presented in section 6.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
In the current business environment, many companies
are continuously investigating ways to achieve lower costs
of operations, but higher efficiencies. To complete these
goals, the cloud ERP systems, which have evolved from the
traditional ERP, can realise the above organisational intent,
which are easy to deploy and have lower requirements in
terms of hardware and software [12]. Additionally, the
functionality that the cloud ERP systems provide, is the
same as on-premise ERP systems, but they have
considerably lower support and maintenance [13].
A. Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a new technology, which can be
referred to as service applications (software and hardware)
delivered on the Internet [14]. The three models in cloud
computing are infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as
a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS).
• IaaS: Model refers to infrastructure resources which
can be accessed by the administration in a virtual
computer such as service application and data centre
space and storage device to support an organisation’s
operations.
• PaaS: Model refers to the software which is run and
developed on a platform which includes a
programming language execution environment,
operating systems, Web servers, and databases.
• SaaS: Model refers to the application hosted as a
service, and the user can access the application
through a Web-based software in the browser
without installing or maintaining any software.
In addition, there are four deployment models, namely,
private, public, hybrid and community-based [14].
• Public: The public model is a third-party service that
provides cloud computing, which is based on sharing
resources with other client companies. The cloud
requires the users to access servers via a Web-based
browser and pay only for usage time.
• Private: The private model allows users to control
their server and set their level of security. However,
this model is more expensive for the user.
• Hybrid: The hybrid model is a combined
deployment model between public and private; thus,
this model offers a balance between security and cost
incurred.
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• Community-base: The community-based model is
the same as the private cloud model, but this model
is customised for certain entities which have specific
requirements.
B. Theoretical Frameworks
Information Technologies (IT) adoption can be
categorised into two main groups: individual and
organisation [15]. For the individual level, [10] developed
the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology
framework (UTAUT), which evolved from eight separate
adoption frameworks [10]. The UTAUT framework
assumes to include complete and comprehensive
information for the investigation of individual technology
adoptions [16]. For the organisational level, technology
organisation environment (TOE) and diffusion of
innovation (DOI) frameworks are broadly used to explain
the IT adoptions [17, 18]. However, the TOE is a more
popular theoretical framework because it can identify the
barriers of IT adoption [19] and can help the growth of the
IT field [20]. Furthermore, the TOE is a multi-perspective
framework that can investigate different characteristics such
as the environment and technology, while DOI theory
focuses singly on the organisational level [9].
Each of the theoretical framework, listed in the
individual or organisational levels might not be broadly
espoused on their own because neither of them focuses on
all the perspectives at both the individual or organisation
levels [11]. For example, the UTAUT framework can
contribute to users’ understanding of the acceptance of new
information [10]. In the same way, the TOE framework is
recommended to analyse the relevant variables in using
Internet technologies and IT adoption [21]. Nevertheless,
comprehensive information rarely comes from any
traditional single theory such as UTAUT or TOE.
Therefore, researchers have proposed an integrative model,
which combines two adoption theoretical frameworks such
as TOE and DOI [22]. This integrated model would be more
powerful in explaining technology adoption and could
provide sufficient information for interpreting the
organisational context [23].
III. RESEARCH METHOD
Systematic literature review (SLR) is a procedure which
is used to identify, assess and interpret all findings from
relevant researches related to implementation for cloud ERP
systems. The objective of an SLR is to follow a clear and
explicit review procedure in the planning stage which
guides implementation. Its purpose is to help in constructing
the retrieved outcomes and decreasing researchers’ bias.
IV. LITERATURE REVIEW CONDUCT
There are relevant articles found within databases which
are related to the case of implementation, adoption and
diffusion of cloud ERP systems. There were 81 research
articles in total and only 33 studies which were relevant to
cloud ERP systems. From the related articles, the study can
be divided into two groups, which are the theoretical
framework and CSFs, as can be seen in Fig 1.
 TABLE II. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CANDIDATE PAPERS BY
Total number of DATABASE
articles = 81
AIS IEEE SD SP EI ACM SG Total
6 12 5 3 3 2 2 33

Total number of
C. Data extraction
relevant articles = 33 Data were extracted by following the research questions
to present the organisational, environmental, technological
and individual characteristics and the CSFs for cloud ERP
implementation in organisations.
Number of theoretical Number of CSF articles V. RESULT
framework articles = 15 = 18
Table III presents the list of papers that are based on
theoretical frameworks.

TABLE III. LIST OF PAPERS BASED ON THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS

Fig 1. Systematic literature review diagram
ID Title Author
A. Searching strings and database
Factors affecting the adoption of enterprise [26]
The SLR of this study is the approach of Kitchenham resource planning (ERP) on cloud among small
and Charters [24]. The database search process of the study 1
and medium enterprises (SMES) in Penang
includes AISeL (AIS), IEEE Xplore (IEEE), ScienceDirect Malaysia.
(SD), Scopus (SP), Emeraldinsight (EL), ACM library Factors affecting cloud ERP adoption in Saudi [6]
(ACM) and Springer (SG), which are related to information 2
Arabia: An empirical study.
system (IS) research [25].
Impacts on the organizational adoption of cloud [27]
3 computing: A reconceptualization of influencing
TABLE I. RETRIEVED PAPERS FROM THE DATABASE factors.
AIS IEEE SD SP EI ACM SG Total The determinant of adoption in cloud computing [28]
4
in Vietnam.
11 22 10 6 14 3 15 81
Diffusion and acceptance of cloud computing in [29]
5 SMEs: Towards a valence model of relevant
factors.
SLR includes all empirical research which investigates
cloud ERP implementation in organisations. The study has An investigation of factors influencing an [30]
6
organisation's intention to adopt cloud computing.
selected research papers which have examined the CSFs for
cloud ERP implementation. The criterion was limited to 7
Factors influencing an organisation's intention to [31]
searching the title of the articles to confirm relevant articles. adopt cloud computing in Saudi Arabia.
The keywords of searching all databases are: ‘factors or Determinants of cloud ERP adoption in Saudi [22]
8
determinants’; combination with ‘cloud ERP or cloud Arabia: An empirical study.
computing’; and other related words, such as ‘implement*’, Factors influencing the adoption of cloud [25]
‘adopt*’ or ‘diffus*’. The initiative resulted in 81 research 9
computing in SME: A systematic review.
papers in total, which covers the studies from 2011 to 2019.
Exploring the Factors for Cloud Computing [32]
Studies on cloud ERP appeared only 2011 onwards. 10
Adoption in Indonesia.
B. Exclusion criteria and selecting of the study Understanding the determinants of cloud [33]
11
The following exclusion and inclusion selection criteria computing adoption.
were expressed to filter the relevant papers: Technological, organisational and environmental [7]
12 factors influencing managers’decision to adopt
• We selected only the papers which have been published cloud computing in the UK.
in peer-reviewed conferences and journals.
Cloud adoption factors in a specific business area: [34]
• We selected only the papers which have been written in 13 Challenging the findings of organisation-wide
cloud computing research.
English.
Factors affecting the adoption of cloud [35]
• We selected the papers published between 2011-2019. 14
computing: an exploratory study.

• We selected the papers which are focused on cloud ERP
implementation in organisations.
Table I represents the total number of papers which were
obtained from each database after applying the keyword
criteria. Table II demonstrates the total number of candidate
papers by the database after applying the exclusion criteria.
Factors influencing cloud computing adoption by [36]
15 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) In
India.
The review of the studies illustrated that 14 studies
employ a single theoretical framework, such as DOI, TOE
or technology acceptance model (TAM), to investigate the
implementation for cloud ERP systems. On the other hand,
four articles use an integrative model to examine the
adoption of cloud ERP systems. As shown in Table IV, TOE

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 is a popular theoretical framework (7 articles), followed by
the DOI (3 articles), TAM (2 articles), organisational
capability theories (OCT) (1 article), and UTAUT (1 TABLE V. DISTRIBUTION OF CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR
article). In terms of the integrative model, DOI and TOE are ID Title Author
frequently used for cloud ERP systems (3 articles), followed
by TAM, DOI and TOE (1 article). The findings reveal that ERP Software as Service (SaaS): factors affecting [37]
1
adoption in South Africa.
there is little research that has focused on an integrative
model that combined the different frameworks in Determinant factors of cloud-sourcing decisions: [38]
comparison to research that focuses on a single theoretical 2 reflecting on the IT outsourcing literature in the
era of cloud computing.
framework (see Table IV).
Towards better understanding of determinants [39]
TABLE IV. DISTRIBUTION OF THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS 3 logistical factors in SMEs for cloud ERP adoption
in developing economies.
Theoretical Frameworks Frequency
Single theoretical framework Prioritizing the factors affecting cloud ERP [40]
4
DOI 3 adoption – an analytic hierarchy process approach.

TOE 7 Examining the critical success factors of cloud [41]

TAM 2 5 computing adoption in the MSMEs by using ISM
OCT 1 model.
UTAUT 1 A study literature of critical success factors of [42]
Integrative model 6
cloud computing in organizations.
TAM, DOI and TOE 1
DOI and TOE 3 Organisational factors affecting cloud computing [43]
7 adoption in small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
in service sector.
Therefore, this study has proposed the integrative Key consideration factors of adopting cloud [44]
model, which combines two adoption theoretical 8
computing for science.
frameworks. This study has considered the integrated TOE
9 Key factors impacting cloud computing adoption. [45]
and UTAUT theoretical frameworks to evaluate
characteristics for cloud ERP adoption in organisations, as 10
Organizational factors affecting propensity to [46]
shown in Fig 2. This integrated model will investigate the adopt cloud computing.
individual, organisational, technological, and Moderating effect of compliance, network, and [12]
environmental characteristics in companies. Moreover, the 11 security on the critical success factors in the
integrative model can play a role in each characteristic for implementation of cloud ERP.
cloud ERP adoption. One of the main reasons for combining Investigating factors affecting cloud computing [47]
12
the TOE and UTAUT is that TOE theory is multi- adoption by SMEs in Himachal Pradesh.
perspective allowing investigation of different An exploratory study on factors affecting the [48]
characteristics (such as environment and technology) and is 13 adoption of cloud computing by information
a validated theoretical framework in an information system professionals.
(IS) [11]. At the same time, the UTAUT model reflects the Adoption of cloud computing by SMEs in India: a [49]
individual perspective and behaviour in technology 14
study of the institutional factors.
adoption [10].
Cloud computing adoption factors in Turkish [5]
15
large scale enterprises.
Technical and environmental factors affecting [50]
Organisation 16 cloud computing adoption in the South African
Environment public sector.
• Size of organisation
• Top management support • Industry Measuring is success factors of adopting cloud [51]
• Competitive pressure 17
• Prior experience computing from enterprise overview.
• Cloud service providers
Factors influencing cloud-computing adoption in [52]
18 small and medium E-commerce enterprises in
Jordan.
Technology Individual
• Relative advantage • Performance
• Compatibility expectancy
• Complexity Cloud ERP • Effort expectancy Fifteen papers were chosen based on exclusion criteria,
• Trialability adoption • Social influence which are related topics such as CSFs or influencing factors.
• Facilitating Based on the review, the study identified 32 factors to
conditions
investigate cloud ERP implementation, as we can see in
Table VI.
Fig 2. The integrative model for cloud enterprise resource planning
adoption
TABLE VI. DISTRIBUTION OF CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR
Table V presents the distribution of critical success CLOUD ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION

factors. From the SLR approach, this study identified the Rank
CSFs Definition Sources
CSFs which affect the implementation of cloud ERP ing
systems. Determines whether
Security of it is safe to use cloud [40, 45, 53-
1 55]
systems ERP systems. It is
the assurance that

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Rank Rank
CSFs Definition Sources CSFs Definition Sources
ing ing
the cloud ERP affect the adoption
systems are free of new technology.
from viruses,
intrusions, spyware, Refers to the level of
attacks and other transparency and
security precision in
vulnerabilities that communication.
Communication
could put them at 11 There should not be [5, 12]
in organisation
risk. the ambiguity of
understanding
Determines whether across a variety of
Trustworthiness the cloud ERP job roles.
[40, 53, 56,
2 of service service providers
57] Refers to the
providers can be trusted by the
clients. capability of cloud
ERP service
Refers to the level providers to make
(beginner- 12 Maintainability modifications [40, 59]
advanced) of the without impacting
Employees [40, 45, 53,
3 employees’ the service or
knowledge 58]
knowledge of cloud negatively affecting
ERP systems and the system.
their features.
Refers to the
Determines the creation of an
capability of the organisational
Availability of Organisational
4 cloud ERP systems [40, 51, 59] 13 environment to [5, 12]
systems culture
that the client can facilitate use of new
access. technologies and
execution of work.
Refers to the
capability of cloud Refers to the
ERP systems to reliability of the
5 Scalability decrease or increase [40, 54, 59] Internet connection,
Internet
resources/services 14 which includes [40, 53]
reliability
according to client Internet connectivity
requirements. and access, and
speed of the Internet.
Determines whether
the cloud ERP Determines whether
systems enforces cloud ERP systems
6 Privacy of data [40, 53, 59]
proper client are friendly to users
restrictions and who are normally
sharing of data. not computer
15 User-friendliness [12, 40]
experts. The cloud
Refers to the ERP product should
capability of cloud not be too complex
ERP service and sophisticated for
Ease of providers to easily general users.
7 [40, 53, 59]
integration integrate with other
cloud ERP services Refers to the
which are based on Increase capability of cloud
the clients’ needs. 16 traceability and ERP service [45, 59]
audibility providers to trace
Refers to the level at and audit.
which an
organisation Refers to the level of
instructs employees openness or being
to use tools in terms entrepreneurial in
of quantity and Innovative the company’s
17 [59, 60]
quality. The cloud culture culture, which has a
Training of
8 ERP systems are [5, 12, 58] positive impact on
employees
complicated its adoption
information behaviour.
systems, a company
has to train Refers to a user’s
employees before capability to create
deploying these innovative features
Innovativeness
systems. 18 and update [59, 60]
of user
technologies to
Determines the 24/7 evolve IT at any
availability of cloud time.
Service provider
9 ERP service [54, 59]
support Refers to the level at
providers to meet
client requirements. which cloud ERP
Data systems can be
Refers to the degree 19 provide data to [40, 59]
accessibility
Technology that technological users. It refers to the
10 [5, 55]
readiness infrastructure and capability of the
human resources systems to provide

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Rank Rank
CSFs Definition Sources CSFs Definition Sources
ing ing
data to users and use failures, leakage of
the service. data.
Refers to leverages Refers to the degree
more in-house that cloud ERP
Improved
20 collaboration and [5, 45] service can quickly
collaboration Data back-up
engagement in an 30 resume a healthy [40]
and recovery
organisation. state of operation
after an unplanned
Refers to updating disruption.
21 User skills of user skills to [12, 53]
increase expertise. Determines the cost
Cost of required for
Refers to whether 31 [40]
maintenance maintenance of
the experience of the cloud ERP systems.
Experience of
22 employees adds to [12]
employees
the knowledge base Determines the
of the company. amount of time
Time of
32 required for [40]
Refers to the degree implementation
implementation of
that users consider cloud ERP systems.
Perceived ease of
23 cloud computing is [58]
use
easy to access, learn
and utilise. VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH
Refers to the degree To promote cloud ERP adoption, it is significant to
that users perceive understand and clarify the factors which influence
that using cloud
Perceived computing will implementation of cloud ERP systems. This study has
24 [58] identified the CSFs in Table VI, and also ranked them in the
usefulness increase job
productivity, order of their frequency of use literature. Eight factors have
performance and been identified which are - security of systems,
effectiveness.
trustworthiness of service provider, employee knowledge,
Refers to the degree availability of system, scalability, privacy of data, ease of
that individuals are integration and training of user - from literature. These
influenced by the
25 Subject norm
opinion of others to
[10] factors are the most critical in ensuring successful adoption
adopt new of cloud ERP systems in organisation. Furthermore, this
technology. study has investigated the individual, organisational,
Refers to the technological, and environmental characteristics that play a
regulations, rules, role in cloud ERP adoption. The factors and characteristics
Governmental
policies, initiatives can help an organisation achieve a successful
26 and instructions [39]
implementation of cloud ERP systems.
support
which support the
organization in In future work, the study will evaluate the CSFs and the
cloud ERP systems.
different organisational, environmental, technological and
Determines whether individual characteristics for implementing cloud ERP
cloud ERP systems systems through empirical research using the frameworks
can retain data when
data are deleted and developed. Future research will also identify other factors
removed by clients which may influence implementation of cloud ERP systems
or cloud service such as challenges or risk factors.
27 Retention of data providers. There [40]
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